467 research outputs found
Howard Pyle in Wisconsin
No full textExcerpts from Howard Pyle in Wisconsin. The book traces the history of paintings by the famed author and illustrator which arrived in Green Bay in 1904.https://digitalcommons.snc.edu/homepage_gallery/1002/thumbnail.jp
Interplanetary robots: true stories of space exploration/ Rod Pyle.
No full textIncludes bibliographical references and index.A NASA insider tells the exciting story of robotic space missions to explore the solar system. Exploring the planets has been a goal of America's space program since the dawn of the space race. This insider's perspective examines incredible missions of robotic spacecraft to every corner of our solar system and beyond. Some were flown into glory, while others were planned and relegated to dusty filing cabinets. All were remarkable in their aspirations. Award-winning science writer Rod Pyle profiles both the remarkable spacecraft and the amazing scientists and engineers who made them possible. From the earliest sprints past Venus and Mars to Voyager1's current explorations of the space between the stars, this exciting book sheds new light on ever-more ambitious journeys designed to increase the human reach into the solar system. Drawing on his perspective as a writer for NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, ground zero for NASA's planetary exploration, the author further details plans now in development to look for signs of life on Jupiter's moon Europa, submarines that will dive into the hazy hydrocarbon lakes of Saturn's moon Titan, and intelligent spacecraft that will operate for months without human intervention on Mars and in the outer solar system well into the 2030s. Equally compelling are programs of exploration that were considered but never left the drawing board, such as automobile-sized biology laboratories designed for a Mars landing in the 1960s and plans to detonate atomic bombs on the moon. Complemented by many rarely-seen photos and illustrations, these stories of incredible engineering achievements, daring imaginations, and technological genius will fascinate and inspire.1 online resourc
Arc magma compositions controlled by linked thermal and chemical gradients above the subducting slab
No full textGlobal arc magmatism is sustained by a continuous fluid flux that is returned to the mantle in subduction zones. Despite considerable advances in simulations of melting processes, models of arc magmatism remain incompletely tested against erupted products. Here, we show that a suite of primitive volcanic rocks from across the southern Chilean arc preserves the signature of a systematic down-slab gradient in fluid chemistry. The chemical gradient is consistent with predictions from modeling, geothermometry and experiments. We infer that increasing slab-surface temperatures cause the sub-arc slab flux to become less water-rich and increasingly dominated by hydrous melts over a distance of a few kilometers behind the arc front. This change exerts a first-order control on magma chemistry, and implies discrete melt-transport pathways through subduction zones. Our results replicate patterns in other arcs, implying common sub-arc slab-surface temperature ranges in thermally-diverse subduction zones
Claiming a Space of Empowerment: Exploring Hispanic Feminist Theology and the Struggle towards Justice and Liberation
No full textPyle links liberation and empowerment to the carving out of space. Those individuals and communities who live without space, who have borders incessantly drawn around them, preventing them from building their own space, are those who suffer oppression most deeply. Hispanic women profoundly experience this spacelessness. Finding a remedy for this requires that they build a community in a space they make for themselves. Pyle looks towards the Lady of Guadalupe as a potential example and inspiration to these women. While disappointed by the current representation of this image as ultimately submissive, the author challenges Hispanic women to claim this woman as their own, recraft her image, and create a space of empowerment based around this newly understood symbol. Their community in religion can lead to the destruction of the boundaries which limit them and the creation of a new, liberated community
Sisters in Sorrow and Durga’s Incarnations: the double-edged sword of shakti
No full textThis article examines the relationship between the depiction of women and femininity in Hindu myth and the lives and possible oppression of Hindu women today. The author synthesizes this question with Sallie McFague\u27s theory that the way in which cultures use language to construct god(s) reveals how that culture conceptualizes the roles of different members of the community. The first notion that Pyle pursues within this question is dharma. Dharma can be roughly understood as the fulfillment of each person\u27s appropriate role. For women, their primary dharma is to care for their husband and their children. This often consists of a level of nurturing and obedience that places all of their needs and concerns below the needs and concerns of their spouses and children. This idea is embodied in the story of Sita, which women have often told as a way of commiserating on the challenges of womanhood. This story, however, found a retelling in the hands of Mahatma Gandhi, who emphasized Sita\u27s independence and strength in order to bring women into the political arena. Sita\u27s perfectly obedient femininity is juxtaposed, however, with Durga, the warrior goddess who reigns over kings and warriors and who defeats demons no god could. Both of these figures are in possession of Shakti: the force that gives and destroys life. Pyle asks how two such images can exist within one understanding of Hindu womanhood. She concludes that they cannot: that the two forms exist simultaneously, both as perfect representations of femininity. Through the lens of Sallie McFague, Pyle concludes that Hindu woman have the right to decide when they feel oppressed, and at that point to use their own voice and language to redefine womanhood when it becomes necessar
Holocene tephrochronology of the Hualaihue region (Andean southern volcanic zone, ~42° S), southern Chile
No full textLate Glacial and Holocene soils and sediments in southern Chile contain an important record of explosive volcanic activity since the end of the last glaciation, and have considerable potential for the development of a regional tephrostratigraphical framework. This paper reports the discovery of several new tephra deposits from the Hualaihue region (?42° S) of southern Chile. Eruption sizes, constrained from field observations, and ages, constrained by 25 new radiocarbon dates, show that the volcanoes of the Hualaihue peninsula have had relatively few explosive, tephra-generating eruptions during the Holocene. An eruption of Apagado deposited ?1 km3 of bedded basaltic scoria at ?2.6 calibrated (cal) ka BP, and Hornopirén produced a similar, but volumetrically-smaller unit at ?5.7 cal ka BP. Activity at Yate over the same time period has been predominantly characterised by lava production, although small explosive eruptions, the products of which span a range of compositions, have also occurred, including one at ?0.9 cal ka BP. The northern part of the regional tephra sequence is dominated by andesitic pumice fall deposits derived from Calbuco volcano. These include deposits from several eruptions during a 3500-year-long period at the start of the Holocene, as well as two large explosive eruptions in the past 2000 years. A distinctive rhyolitic tephra layer that is interbedded with the locally derived tephra sequence is the Cha1 unit, from Chaitén volcano, 108 km south of Hornopirén. This rhyolitic pumice deposit, dated at ?9.75 cal ka BP, is the largest volumetrically of those described here, with a volume of 3.5 km3. This new tephrostratigraphy covers a region whose volcanic history was previously very little known, and contributes to a regional record of large explosive eruptions that now spans a 500 km-long segment of the southern Andean arc, between Calbuco and Hudson volcanoes
The only known cyclopygid–‘atheloptic’ trilobite fauna from North America: the upper Ordovician fauna of the Pyle Mountain Argillite and its palaeoenvironmental significance
No full textThe trilobite fauna of the upper Ordovician (middle Katian) Pyle Mountain Argillite comprises a mixture of abundant mesopelagic cyclopygids and other pelagic taxa and a benthic fauna dominated by trilobites lacking eyes. Such faunas were widespread in deep water environments around Gondwana and terranes derived from that continent throughout Ordovician time but this is the only known record of such a fauna from North America and thus from Laurentia. It probably reflects a major sea level rise (the ‘Linearis drowning events’) as does the development of coeval cyclopygid-dominated deep water trilobite faunas in terranes that were marginal to Laurentia and are now preserved in Ireland and Scotland. The Pyle Mountain Argillite trilobite fauna occurs with a deep water Foliomena brachiopod fauna and comprises 22 species. Pelagic trilobites (mostly cyclopygids) constitute 36% of the preserved sclerites, and 45% of the fauna is the remains of trilobites lacking eyes, including one new species, Dindymene whittingtoni sp. nov. Three species of cyclopygid are present, belonging in Cyclopyge, Symphysops and Microparia (Heterocyclopyge). Cyclopygids are widely thought to have been stratified in the water column in life and thus their taxonomic diversity reflects the relative depths of the sea-beds on which their remains accumulated. A tabulation of middle and upper Katian cyclopygid-bearing faunas from several palaeoplates and terranes arranged on the basis of increasing numbers of cyclopygid genera allows an assessment of the relative depth ranges of the associated benthic taxa. The Pyle Mountain Argillite fauna lies towards the deeper end of this depth spectrum
Chromis degruyi Pyle, Earle & Greene, 2008, new species
No full textChromis degruyi, new species urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 1859 B 68 B- 340 C- 44 F 9 -BEAB-D 75 BAED 300 F 2 DeGruy’s Chromis (Figs. 4 a – 4 c; Table 5; Morphbank 122; DigiMorph 123; GenBank 124; Barcode 125) Holotype. BPBM 40842 126 (81.0 mm SL), Belau (Palau) Islands; Kayangel Atoll, W side; on outer reef dropoff near tip of small reef extension (8 ° 4 ' 16.64 "N, 134 ° 40 ' 54.52 "E): rocky ledge with holes at base of steep sandy slope with many gorgonians, 85 m, hand net, R.L. Pyle, 22 April 2007 [PCMB 3086 127]. Paratypes. BMNH 2007.10. 31.4 128 (38.7 mm SL), Caroline Islands; Yap, S end; “Magic Kingdom” (9 ° 26 ' 3.41 "N, 138 ° 2 ' 5.96 "E): deep rubble on rocky slope, 85 m, quinaldine and hand net, R.L. Pyle, 20 April 2007 [PCMB 3084 129]. CAS 225758 130 (38.3 mm SL), Caroline Islands; Puluwat Atoll; Alet Islet, S side (7 ° 21 ' 15.44 "N, 149 ° 10 ' 47.03 "E): outer reef drop-off with small caves and holes, 100–103 m, quinaldine and hand net, R.L. Pyle and B.D. Greene, 11 April 2007 [PCMB 3032 131]. USNM 391139 132 (76.6 mm SL), Belau (Palau) Islands; off Ngemlis Island; below and slightly to the N of the Blue Holes cave system (7 ° 8 ' 16.49 "N, 134 ° 13 ' 18.5 "E): in coral and rubble at the base of a large boulder offset from the drop-off, 88 m, hand net, R.L. Pyle, 27 April 2007 [PCMB 3114 133]. WAM P. 32901 -001 134 (82.4 mm SL), Belau (Palau) Islands; Ngaruangl Atoll, S end (8 ° 8 ' 50.39 "N, 134 ° 37 ' 3.47 "E), 115 m, hand net, R.L. Pyle, 23 April 2007 [PCMB 3088 135]. Diagnosis. Dorsal rays XIII–XIV, 11–12 (usually XIV, 12); anal rays II, 11–12 (usually 12); pectoral rays 18; spiniform caudal rays 3; tubed lateral-line scales 15–17; gill rakers 7 + 20–21 (total 27–28); body depth 1.84–1.99 in SL; color of adults when fresh dull brownish yellow with nine thin lavender-gray stripes on side of body, with a prominent black spot on dorsal half of pectoral-fin base. Description. Dorsal rays XIV, 12 (one paratype with XIII, another with 11); anal rays II, 12 (one paratype with 11); all dorsal and anal rays branched, the last to base in some specimens; pectoral rays 18, the upper 2 and lowermost unbranched; pelvic rays I, 5; principal caudal rays 8 + 7 = 15; upper and lower procurrent caudal rays 5, the anterior 3 spiniform, the posterior 2 segmented and unbranched; tubed lateral-line scales 16 | 15 (15–17, one paratype with 17); posterior midlateral scales with a pore or deep pit 8 | 9 (5–9); scales above dorsal fin to origin of dorsal fin 3; scales below lateral line to origin of anal fin 9 (one paratype with 8); gill rakers 7 + 20 = 27 (7 + 20–21 = 27–28); surpaneural (predorsal) bones 3; vertebrae 12 + 13. Body moderately deep, depth 1.84 (1.92–1.99) in SL, and compressed, the width 2.87 (2.73–3.29) in body depth; head length 3.10 (2.95–3.18) in SL; dorsal profile of head with slight convexity anterior to eye, very slight concavity dorsal to eye, and very slight convexity on nape; snout shorter than orbit diameter, its length 4.05 (3.63–4.38) in head length; orbit diameter 2.77 (2.12–2.95) in head length; interorbital space convex, its width 2.73 (2.73–3.15) in head length; caudal-peduncle depth 2.18 (2.11–2.27) in head; caudal-peduncle length 2.83 (2.69–3.37) in head. TABLE 5. Proportional measurements (%SL) and counts of Chromis degruyi, new species. Values separated by a pipe “|” are left|right or upper|lower. Holotype Paratypes Mouth terminal, small, oblique, the upper jaw forming an angle of about 37 º to horizontal axis of head and body; posterior edge of maxilla reaching slightly beyond a vertical at anterior edge of pupil, the upper jaw length 2.91 (3.05–3.18) in head; teeth multi-serial, an outer row of conical teeth in each jaw, largest anteriorly; about 20 upper and about 20 lower teeth on each side of jaw; a narrow band of villiform teeth lingual to outer row, in 2–3 irregular rows anteriorly, narrowing to a single row on side of jaws; tongue triangular with rounded tip; gill rakers long and slender, the longest on lower limb near angle about three-fourths length of longest gill filaments; nostril with a fleshy rim, more elevated on posterior edge and located at level of middle of pupil, slightly less than one-third distance from front of snout to base of upper lip. Opercle ending posteriorly in a flat spine, the tip relatively obtuse and obscured by a large scale; margin of preopercle smooth, the posterior margin extending dorsally to level of upper edge of pupil; suborbital with free lower margin extending nearly to a vertical at posterior edge of pupil. Scales finely ctenoid; anterior lateral line ending beneath rear portion of spinous dorsal fin (between 13 th and 14 th dorsal-fin spines); head scaled except lips, tip of snout, and a narrow zone from orbit to edge of snout containing nostrils; a scaly sheath at base of dorsal and anal fins, about two-thirds pupil diameter at base of middle of spinous portion of dorsal fin, progressively narrower on soft portion; a column of scales on each membrane of dorsal fin, narrowing distally, those on spinous portion of dorsal progressively longer, reaching about two-thirds distance to spine tips on posterior membranes; scales on anal-fin membrane in two columns, progressively smaller distally; small scales on caudal fin extending slightly more than two-thirds distance to posterior margin; small scales on basal one-fifth of pectoral fins; a median scaly process extending posteriorly from between base of pelvic fins, its length about half that of pelvic spine; axillary scale above base of pelvic spine about one-half length of spine. Origin of dorsal fin over third lateral-line scale, the pre-dorsal distance 2.39 (2.30–2.41) in SL; base of spinous portion of dorsal fin contained 2.17 (2.14–2.34) in SL; base of soft portion of dorsal fin contained 6.66 (6.54–7.17) in SL; first dorsal spine 12.33 (9.51–12.14) in SL; second dorsal spine 8.15 (6.84–7.96) in SL; third dorsal spine 5.88 (5.53–6.39) in SL; fourth dorsal spine 5.23 (5.04–5.87) in SL; fifth dorsal spine 5.08 (5.17–5.76) in SL; sixth dorsal spine 5.07 (4.93–5.79) in SL; last dorsal spine 6.27 (6.14–7.04) in SL; membranes of spinous portion of dorsal fin moderately incised; fourth dorsal soft ray longest, its length 4.95 (4.54–5.04) in SL; first anal spine 11.30 (10.99–13.08) in SL; second anal spine 3.84 (3.76–4.52) in SL; first anal soft ray the longest, its length 4.48 (4.34–5.15) in SL; caudal fin forked, its length 2.84 (2.26–3.29) in SL, the caudal concavity 5.63 (4.37–5.46) in SL; fourth pectoral-fin ray longest, 2.99 (2.79–3.20) in SL; pelvic spine 5.36 (5.66–6.12) in SL; first soft ray of pelvic fin filamentous, usually reaching to first or second analfin ray (when not broken or otherwise damaged), its length 2.94 (2.95–4.17) in SL. Color of adults when fresh dull brownish yellow with nine thin lavender-gray stripes, some faint, the middle 4 or 5 extending onto caudal peduncle; nape area olive-brown, lighter on thorax and ventrally to anus, becoming yellowish white; black spot slightly smaller than orbit at upper pectoral axil; faint diffuse lavender blotch smaller than orbit on opercle edge at level of lower orbit, not apparent underwater; olivaceous with brown stripes and greenish olive in nape area when observed underwater; spinous portion of dorsal fin olivebrown, distal one-fourth yellowish white; basal half of soft dorsal fin dark brown with almost black outer margin, distal half very light yellowish white to translucent on some specimens; caudal fin olive-brown, inner rays yellowish white; anal fin spines yellowish white, rays and membranes on basal half light olive-brown becoming distally yellowish white; black blotch smaller than orbit centered in posterior distal anal fin, more apparent in large specimens; pectoral fin translucent; pelvic-fin spine and first ray white, successive rays and membranes on basal half olive-brown, distal half yellowish white; iris brownish yellow; juveniles bluish gray; a bright yellow blotch on the distal half of the soft dorsal fin, covering the second through fifth dorsal soft rays, rays 6 to last paler than anterior part of soft dorsal fin; a bright yellow stripe from posterior base of soft dorsal fin in a band approximately the width of 2 scales continuing dorsally to tip of outer rays of dorsal lobe of caudal fin; lower caudal rays with a similar yellow band commencing ventrally on caudal peduncle and extending to distal tip of lower caudal fin rays, approximately 7 median caudal rays white; third through seventh anal-fin rays and intervening membranes bright yellow on distal third, succeeding rays white. Color in alcohol similar to fresh color, except paler brown overall. Distribution. Observed or collected throughout the Caroline Islands, from Puluwat to Palau. A Chromis resembling the juvenile of this species was observed in Fagatele Bay in May 2001 by the senior author. Etymology. Named degruyi to honor Michael V. DeGruy, in recognition of the sincere enthusiasm and determination he demonstrated while attempting to collect the first adult specimen of this species. Remarks. The habitat of this species is similar to that of other species described herein: deep outer-reef slopes at depths of 85–120 m, usually in the vicinity of rock outcrops with small holes and caves, and around limestone talus. It is generally not as abundant as other species of Chromis described here, usually found in small groups and observed feeding low in the water column. The species appears most similar to other deep-dwelling species of Chromis described previously (see Remarks section of C. abyssus). Juveniles superficially resemble C. opercularis 136 (Günther in Playfair and Günther 1867) in color, but are easily distinguished from that species on several morphological characters (e.g., usually XIV dorsal-fin spines in C. degruyi, vs. XIII in C. opercularis; body depth 1.84–1.99 in SL vs. 2.1–2.3 in C. opercularis), as well as adult coloration. Some aspects of the adult coloration are similar to C. planesi Lecchini and Williams 2004, but C. degruyi differs from that species in many other aspects of adult coloration as well as number of pectoral-fin rays (20 in C. planesi vs. 18 in C. degruyi), dorsal-fin soft rays (usually 13 vs. usually 12), and tubed lateral-line scales (17 vs. usually 15–16).Published as part of Richard L. Pyle, John L. Earle & Brian D. Greene, 2008, Five new species of the damselfish genus Chromis (Perciformes: Labroidei: Pomacentridae) from deep coral reefs in the tropical western Pacific, pp. 3-31 in Zootaxa 1671 on pages 18-21, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18018
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