1,720,954 research outputs found
Multigene differentiation of 'Candidatus Phytoplasma solani' strains from different geographic origins and diverse host species.
No full textThe knowledge of genetic variability in phytoplasmas is a fundamental resource for the study of their epidemiology and a valuable support to improve the monitoring and the management of their associated diseases. Multigene analyses have been used widely to characterize phytoplasmas strains providing relevant information about their epidemiology. ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ is associated with “bois noir” (BN) in grapevines and yellowing in many other cultivated and wild plant species such as tomato, pepper, bindweed, causing serious damages in many parts of the world. The epidemiology of the diseases associated with this phytoplasma is very complex considering its wide host range distribution, the interactions with both host plant and insect vectors, and the diffusion of the bacterium through infected plant propagation material. The genetic variability of 'Ca. P. solani' strains, in different host species and in several geographic areas was widely studied by genotyping selected non-ribosomal genes. The polymerase chain reaction coupled with restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses and sequencing was applied to samples collected during more than 20 years in Italy, Portugal, Hungary and Serbia in a multigene analysis on vmp1, stamp and tuf genes. A total of 116 'Ca. P. solani' strains was examined and allowed the differentiation of 26 genetic variants confirming the differential variability of the studied genes. In particular, the vmp1 and stamp genes showed the presence of 14 and 5 RFLP profiles, respectively, while the tuf gene grouped all tested strains into two profiles. In the vmp1 gene sequences it was registered the largest variability; the V3-RsaI RFLP profile was the most present in the Italian grapevine samples tested. A large part of the samples tested were collected in Italy and Serbia; in the comparison between the two geographic areas only one genetic variant was found in common, confirming the local distribution of the strains. Considering the time frame of the sample collection and the geographical distribution of the variants identified, it appears that populations of this phytoplasma are generally less variable on local scale leading in some case to the emergence of epidemic strains. In particular, the grapevine samples collected during 2020 in Tuscany revealed the predominance of tuf type-a strain and showed the same variant in all the samples, indicating the possible emergence of an epidemic BN strain in that region. In addition, the identification of two stamp variants (St5 and St10) that have shown specific epidemiological characteristics linked to different virulence in the field indicates the need to continue to study and to monitor the disease with specific molecular analyses considering that the strains with different virulence can lead to epidemic infections with significant economic damages. The presence of mixed infections with different phytoplasmas indicate another important element to consider for the ‘Ca. P. solani’-associated diseases epidemiology. These results confirm that except for tuf gene there is no specificity of ‘Ca. P. solani’ variants linked to different host species and different epidemiological cycles. Their differentiation can be explained by geographic distribution of host and insect vectors, year of infection and epidemic outbreaks registered during the time. Strains diversity combined with epidemiological data are useful also to identify sources of inoculum, new host species and to monitor the spreading of the phytoplasma both locally and on a larger environmental scale for focused management purposes
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
- …
