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Ceratomerus bickeli Bradley J Sinclair 2003, n.sp.
No full textCeratomerus bickeli n.sp. Figs. 44, 100 Type material. HOLOTYPE 3, “TAS[mania, Australia]: Frodshams Pass/ nr. Mt. Wedge;4–5.ii./ -1989; rainforest/ D.Bickel;yellowpan”; “ HOLOTYPE / Ceratomerus / bickeli / Sinclair [red label]” AMS K175243. Diagnosis. Recognized by the strong inflexion of R 2+3 around the stigma and the very long, slender posterior hypandrial processes and cerci. Description. Wing length 3.7 mm, similar to C. attenuatus except as follows: Male. Head. Four pairs of vertical setae, shorter than ocellar bristles; postocular bristles short, overlapping less than onethird of eye. Antenna with length of scape slightly less than height of eye; postpedicel length less than height of head; three-segmented stylus longer than postpedicel; segment 8 elongate, 4× as long as wide. Palpus brown, slender, onesixth length of labrum. Thorax. Upper margin of pleura brown, remaining pale brown; postpronotal lobe pale. Wing. R 2+3 running parallel and close to costa, strongly deflected around stigma. Legs. Fore and mid coxae and ventral of femora pale yellow, remaining leg segments brown, darker towards tip. Fore femur slightly swollen, with av row of fine setae, decreasing in length apically; basal setae nearly subequal in length to width of femur. First tarsomere greater than half length of fore tibia. Mid femur more strongly swollen than fore femur, with pv row of short, dark setae and 1–2 long basal setae; basal half with av brush of short dark setae, increasing in length medially. Mid tibia very slightly swollen at mid-length, with av row of short setae; pv surface with row of slender setae, longer than width of tibia; ventroapically with row of short erect setae on apical sixth; 1 ad seta on proximal half. First tarsomere 4 5 length of remaining 4 tarsomeres, with many erect pv setae. Hind femur straight with 1 preapical dorsal and 1 ad seta; ventral surface with av row of fine setae, shorter than width of femur. Hind tibia straight, shorter than femur, apex partially dilated, bearing posteroapical comb; 2 erect ad setae at mid-length and 1 subapical ad seta; apical two-thirds with row of long, erect dorsal setae. Hind tarsomeres slightly longer than tibia. Abdomen pale brown, concolorous with thorax, sclerites weakly sclerotized; T8 not examined. Terminalia (based on undissected specimen) (Fig. 44). Hypandrium with pair of long, slender posterior processes, partially twisted; 1 pair of short anterior, hooked, articulated processes arched posteriorly near surstyli; postgonites arched anteriorly, flanking pair of phallic processes. Epandrial lamella greatly inflated laterally, round; fused ventrally to lateral wall of hypandrium. Surstylus fingershaped, shorter than cercus. Cercus with broad base, with long, heavily sclerotized lateral process, similar to posterior hypandrial process. Female. Unknown. Distribution. This species is restricted to Tasmania (Fig. 100). Etymology. The specific name honours Dr D.J. Bickel, who collected the holotype of this species and many other rare species from Tasmania.Published as part of Bradley J Sinclair, 2003, Taxonomy, Phylogeny and Zoogeography of the Subfamily Ceratomerinae of Australia (Diptera: Empidoidea), pp. 1-44 in Records of the Australian Museum 55 on page 1
Ceratomerus hibernus Bradley J Sinclair 2003, n.sp.
No full textCeratomerus hibernus n.sp. Figs. 78, 79, 81, 100 Type material. HOLOTYPE ♀, “ AUST [ralia]: TAS[mania]: Pelion Hut / 3 km S Mt. Oakleigh / 41°50'S 146°03'E, 860 m / June 1990; I.D. Naumann ”; “ HOLOTYPE / Ceratomerus / hibernus / Sinclair [red label]” (ANIC). PARATYPES: Tasmania: 6♀♀, same data as holotype (ANIC); 6♀♀, 28 km SSW Mole Ck, 570 m, MAP 8114 355.752, 15.x.1985, L. Hill (AMS, ZFMK). Diagnosis. Distinguished from other species in this group by the short postocellar setae, long pedicel (three-fifths length of scape) and median fork separated from radial fork by more than the length of crossvein dm-cu. Description. Wing length 3–3.3 mm, similar to C. falcatus except as follows: Female. Head dark brown; postocellar bristle slender, less than half length of ocellar bristle; 3 pairs of long vertical bristles, third pair distant from others; postocular bristles long, overlapping at least one-third of eye. Antenna with scape equal to height of eye, with 2–3 long, dorsal setae and 1 long ventral seta; pedicel with short basal section, three-fifths length of scape, with posterior fringe of long setae; postpedicel apical half strongly tapered, extending parallel-sided to short, stout, three-segmented stylus, subequal to one-third length of postpedicel. Palpus light brown, slender, one-fifth length of labrum. Thorax. Mesonotum, pleura and postnotum brown; 1 slender, short pal. Antepronotum with 2 short setulae. Wing (Fig. 81). Medial fork proximal to radial fork by more than length of crossvein dm-cu. Halter with dark knob. Legs. Coxae and basal half of femora yellowish-brown, remaining leg segments brown, gradually darkening towards tip. Fore coxa lacking modified setae. Fore femur slightly swollen, lacking modified ventral setae. Fore tibia nearly equal in length to femur; apex with undilated anteroapical comb. First tarsomere slightly longer than half length of fore tibia; distal 4 tarsomeres slender, longer than first tarsomere. Mid tibia slightly shorter than femur with dorsal and ventral apical seta. First tarsomere shorter than remaining 4 tarsomeres. Hind tibia with 3–4 erect ad setae on apical half; lacking dorsal setae. Abdomen as in female C. falcatus. Terminalia (Fig. 79).Anterior margin ofT10 bearing biserial row of stout, straight spine-like setae; cercus with slender setae, lacking spine-like setae. Spermathecal receptacle spherical, with very short neck where duct attached (Fig. 78). Male. Unknown. Distribution. This species is known only from the northwestern highlands of Tasmania (Fig. 100) and is possibly restricted to the cooler months (June, October). Etymology. The specific name is from the Latin hibernus (of winter), referring to the probable seasonality of this species. Remarks. It is normally not recommended to describe a new species on the basis of female specimens alone. But given the long series of specimens and its apparent differences with C. ordinatus (the only other species of the C. ordinatus group in Tasmania), it was considered best to described this species to encourage “off season collecting” in the hope that conspecific males may someday be obtained.Published as part of Bradley J Sinclair, 2003, Taxonomy, Phylogeny and Zoogeography of the Subfamily Ceratomerinae of Australia (Diptera: Empidoidea), pp. 1-44 in Records of the Australian Museum 55 on page 2
Ceratomerus oreas Bradley J Sinclair 2003, n.sp.
No full textCeratomerus oreas n.sp. Figs. 56, 71–75 Type material. HOLOTYPE 3, “NSW[New South Wales, Australia]: Gloucester Tops/ el.1280; 19-xi–4-xii/ -1988; D.Bickel; mal-/ aise; Nothofagus for.”; “ HOLOTYPE / Ceratomerus / oreas / Sinclair [red label]” AMS K175248. PARATYPES: New South Wales: 733, 4♀♀, same data as holotype; 1♀, same locality as holotype, 14–19.xi.1988 (AMS); 3 33, same locality as holotype, 4–30.xii.1988; 1 3, Barrington Tops NP, Gloucester Tops, Nothofagus, str., 1200 m, 21.xii.1993, BJS (ZFMK); 533, 1♀, nr Gloucester Tops, 1290 m, Nothofagus, 14–19.xi.1988, DJB (AMS, CNC). Diagnosis. Recognized by the distinct inflexion of R 2+3 around the stigma, dark pleura, long style and males have distinctive inflated, round epandrial lamellae, and broad, bilobed cercus. Description. Wing length 3.3–3.6 mm, similar to C. attenuatus except as follows: Male. Head. Postocellar bristles, short, one-third length of ocellar bristles. Antenna with length of scape one-fourth less than height of eye; postpedicel length less than height of head; three-segmented stylus longer than postpedicel; segment 8 elongate, 4× as long as wide. Thorax. Pleura light brown. Wing (Fig. 56). R 2+3 running parallel and close to costa, strongly deflected around stigma. Legs. Fore and mid coxae and ventral margin of femora pale yellow, remaining leg segments brown, darker towards tip. Fore femur slightly swollen, with av row of fine setae on basal half. First tarsomere two-thirds length of fore tibia. Mid femur swollen similar to fore femur, with pv row of short, dark setae; basal half with av brush of short dark setae, increasing in length medially. Mid tibia slender with pv row of slender setae, longer than width of tibia; basal half with av row of short setae; ventroapically with row of short erect setae on apical fourth; 1 ad seta on basal third. First tarsomere 4 5 length of remaining 4 tarsomeres. Hind femur with av row of fine setae, shorter than width of femur. Hind tibia with 2 erect dorsal setae on apical half; 3 erect ad setae. Abdomen. S7 with transverse weakening on anterior third; posterior margin of S7 broadly membranous, with well sclerotized posterolateral margin, extending to S8; T8 bow-tie shaped, lacking ventral process. Terminalia (Figs. 72, 73). Hypandrium with pair of bilobed posterior processes; anterior lobe hooked posteriorly; postgonites erect, with broad base, strongly tapered to slender slightly curved tip; phallic processes absent; stout, blade-like, median phallic process somewhat arched anteriorly. Epandrial lamella greatly inflated laterally, round; fused ventrally to lateral wall of hypandrium. Surstylus with long, slender finger-shaped lobe. Subepandrial plate subrectangular, heavily sclerotized; more than half length of cercus. Cercus heavily sclerotized, short, broad, with bilobed apex; inner margin of anterior lobe with short, stout setae; posterior lobe with dense cluster of long stout setae, longer than width of lobe. Female. Similar to male and female of C. attenuatus except as follows: Terminalia (Fig. 75): T10 bearing single row of spine-like setae along posterior margin. Cercus broad, bearing spine-like setae, with short, slender marginal setae. Spermathecal receptacle oval, flattened, with short wide neck (Fig. 74). Distribution. This species is restricted to the type locality, an isolated patch of cool temperate rainforest dominated by Nothofagus (Fig. 71). Biology. All specimens were collected from or near cool, shaded mossy streams. The upper plateau of Gloucester Tops supports snow gum and grassland communities, while the gullies and saddles immediately below the plateau support stands of Nothofagus. It is in these sheltered wet forests where several species of Ceratomerus abide. Etymology. The specific name is from the Latin oreas (mountain-nymph), referring to the high elevation of the type locality.Published as part of Bradley J Sinclair, 2003, Taxonomy, Phylogeny and Zoogeography of the Subfamily Ceratomerinae of Australia (Diptera: Empidoidea), pp. 1-44 in Records of the Australian Museum 55 on pages 26-2
Ceratomerus globosus Bradley J Sinclair 2003, n.sp.
No full textCeratomerus globosus n.sp. Figs. 39, 40, 42, 47–52, 57 Type material. HOLOTYPE 3, “ AUST [ralia]: NSW[New South Wales]: Kosciusko / NP, nr. Swamp Plain / 28.ix. 1994, 500 m/ B.J. Sinclair / ex. Bogong Ck.”;“ HOLOTYPE / Ceratomerus / globosus / Sinclair [red label]” AMS K175245. PARATYPES: New South Wales: 333, 3♀♀, same data as holotype (AMS, CNC); 13, 1♀, Barrington Tops NP, upper Gloucester R. + Falls, 1200 m, 20–21.xii.1993. BJS (CNC); 1 ♀, Barrington Tops NP, Williams R., subtrop. rainfor., 480 m, 19.xii.1993, BJS; 1♀, Blue Mtns NP, Valley of the Waters, Vera Falls, 23.x.1994, BJS; 13, 1♀, Blue Mtns NP, Wentworth Falls, Jamison Ck, 10.xi.1993, 23.x.1994, BJS (ZFMK); 13, Jonolan, 12.x.1950 (UQIC); 233, 1♀, Kosciusko NP, Leatherbarrel Ck, 1000 m, 28.xi.1994, BJS, DJB (AMS). Victoria: 533, 5♀♀, Burrowa-Pine Mtn NP, Bluff Ck Falls, 400 m, riverine for., y.pans, 29.xi.1994, DJB (ANIC, AMS); 1♀, Delgate R. & Goonmirk Rd, 960 m, 16.i.1991, DJB; 2♀♀, Otway Ra., SE Beech For., Beauchamp Falls, y.pans, mixed forest, 4–5.xii.1994, DJB; 1 ♀, Otway Ra., Beauchamp Falls, Nothofagus, 3.xii.1994, BJS (AMS); 333, 1♀, 45 km N Orbost, Bonang Hwy, Martins Ck, rainfor., 200 m, 6.xii.1994, BJS (CNC); 13, 29.5 km N Warburton, Acheron Way, rainfor., Acheron R., 1.xii.1994, BJS (ZFMK). Additional material. New South Wales: 1♀, Styx R. SF, E Jeogla, Wattle Flat, wet scler. for., pans, 1000 m, 7.xii.1992, DJB (AMS). This specimen is possibly conspecific because the ratio of the length of the style to postpedicel is similar, but an associated male specimen is required for confirmation. Diagnosis. Recognized by the style shorter than the postpedicel, slight inflexion of R 2+3 around the stigma, dark brown pleura, tufts of stout setae on the lateral margin of male sternites 3–4 and tergite 6, encapsulated male terminalia, and scape 1.25 times longer than height of head. Description. Wing length 3.5– 4 mm, similar to C. attenuatus except as follows: Male. Head. Face pale brown. Antenna with length of scape 1.25× height of eye (Fig. 57); postpedicel apical half 1.25× length of base; three-segmented stylus one-third length of postpedicel; segment 8 short, slightly longer than width. Palpus yellow, slender, one-fifth length of labrum. Thorax. Scutum, postnotum and pleura dark brown; postpronotal lobe pale; pale streak extending ventrally along proepisternum. Wing (Fig. 51) as in C. attenuatus. Legs. Base of femora, especially inner margin yellow, becoming dark brown towards tip. Fore femur slightly swollen, lacking ventral setae. First tarsomere greater than half length of fore tibia, with large notch on apical third; base of notch with twisted spur-like seta (Fig. 40). Mid femur more strongly swollen than fore femur, apical fourth strongly constricted; mid-length bearing pv row of 3 setae, longer than width of femur; apical half of swollen portion with 4 transverse rows of stout setae; base with long erect pv seta (Fig. 39). Mid tibia about half as long as femur, somewhat flattened and twisted, with subapical av notch; lateral margins with av and pv rows of setae, latter row increasing in length apically; lacking erect ad setae. First tarsomere longer than remaining 4 tarsomeres, with many erect pv setae. Hind femur straight with ventral surface bearing av row of short, dark setae. Hind tibia with 2 erect dorsal setae on apical half; ad margin with row of 3 long, erect setae. Hind tarsomeres slightly longer than tibia. Abdomen. S3–4 and T6 with dense cluster of short, stout, lateral setae; T8 broad, subrectangular, about half as long as sternite. Terminalia (Figs. 47, 48). Hypandrium laterally flattened, enclosed within epandrial lamellae; apex produced into slender posterior flap-like process; gonocoxal apodemes well developed; postgonites upright, gently arched posteriorly with subapical hooked process; phallus with pair of articulated processes, flanked by postgonites. Epandrial lamella oval forming distinct capsule fused ventrally to hypandrium; bearing subapical epandrial lobe, apically tapered, with dense mat of microtrichia. Surstylus complex, twisted, strongly bent, bearing whip-like setae; anterior margin with fringe of stout setae. Subepandrial plate narrow; lacking processes from hypoproct. Apical half of cercus well sclerotized, very narrow with apex bearing many stout setae; long stout seta on lateral margin of basal half. Female. Similar to male and female of C. attenuatus except as follows: apical half of palpus brown. Wing similar to male (Fig. 52). S7 lacking transverse weakening. Terminalia (Fig. 49): cercus bearing row of spine-like setae, with long slender marginal setae. Spermatheca receptacle spherical, with short, pigmented neck (Fig. 50). Distribution. This species is recorded from isolated communities at least as far north as Barrington Tops (NSW) south to the Otway Ranges of Victoria (Fig. 42). Biology. This species appears to prefer cool temperate rainforest regions and is more rarely collected along gallery rainforests. Etymology. The specific name is from the Latin globosus (round as a ball), referring to the rounded, encapsulated hypopygium.Published as part of Bradley J Sinclair, 2003, Taxonomy, Phylogeny and Zoogeography of the Subfamily Ceratomerinae of Australia (Diptera: Empidoidea), pp. 1-44 in Records of the Australian Museum 55 on page 2
Ceratomerus barringtonensis Bradley J Sinclair 2003, n.sp.
No full textCeratomerus barringtonensis n.sp. Figs. 3, 4, 12, 19–21, 28 Type material. HOLOTYPE 3, “ AUST:NSW[New South Wales]: Barrington / Tops NP, Williams R./ 21.i. 1995, 480 m/ rainfor.,BJ Sinclair”;“ HOLOTYPE / Ceratomerus / barringtonensis / Sinclair [red label]” AMS K175240. PARATYPES: New South Wales: 333, 1♀, same data as holotype (AMS, ZFMK); 433, same locality as holotype, 19.xii.1993 (CNC, ZFMK); 1♀, Gloucester Tops, Nothofagus, 1280 m, MT, 4–30.xii.1988, DJB (AMS). Diagnosis. Males are readily recognized by the greatly swollen mid femur and truncate anal lobe of the wing, bearing long, wavy, slender setae. Females are distinguished by the long stigma, short base of the medial fork, yellow-coloured pleura, with brown smudges and dark-tipped stylus. Description. Wing length 3.5–3.8 mm, similar to C. athertonius except as follows: Male. Head. Postocellar bristles one-third length of ocellar bristles; postocular bristles short, slender, overlapping less than one-third of eye. Antenna long, with scape slightly longer than height of eye; scape with many dorsal setulae; three-segmented stylus one-half length of postpedicel; segment 8 not longer than wide; apical two-thirds of stylus dark. Palpus brown, short and slender, with several long, dark setae; prementum with 2 pairs of long, erect setae. Thorax. Mesonotum and postnotum dark, lacking dorsal stripes; postpronotal lobe yellowish-brown, pleura yellow with brown smudges on lower margins of sclerites. Acrostichals in alternating single row of short setulae to prescutellar depression, posterior half directed anteriorly; 4 dc, posterior dc short and slender; lower psut spal near wing base. Wing (Fig. 12). Anal lobe truncate, bearing pair of long, stout setae, and 6–12 pairs of long, wavy lateral setae longer than costal seta; posterior margin lacking incision, with 5– 6 stout setae on wing stem. C with 16 closely spaced, long dorsal setae on upper surface between tip of Sc and R 1, shorter than costal seta. Cell dm oval; medial fork with petiole lacking or very short, proximal to radial fork by more than length of R 4. Halter with dark knob. Legs. Coxae concolorous with pleura, hind coxae somewhat darker; ventral margin of femora yellowish brown, upper surface light brown; remaining leg segments dark. Inner margin of fore coxa concave, with anterior row of long setae near mid-length; basal third with transverse band of fine, wavy setae. Fore trochanter unmodified. Fore femur somewhat inflated, slightly sinuous, inner margin flat lacking setae; posterior margin with single row of short setae along entire length; 1 long stout seta at base, length twice width of femur; av row of setae sinuous, apically increasing in length to greater than width of femur; basal third with biserial row of pv setae, outer row longer than width of femur; 1 long, erect preapical dorsal seta; apical fourth with ad patch of long setae. Fore tibia shorter than femur, cylindrical, with partial subapical constriction; basal half with long av and ad setae, longer than width of tibia; distal third with short, dense setae; anteroapical comb on apex of anteriorly deflected tip. First tarsomere three-quarters length of fore tibia, cylindrical; long ventral setae, longer than width of tarsus; 1 erect ventral seta at base. Mid coxa with slender setae. Mid femur greatly swollen, strongly arched, with large curved, ventral tubercle; tubercle with 2–3 long ventral setae and 3 stout subapical setae, terminating in round, subapical finger-like process; basal third with short setae; apical fourth with short, tapered, black pv appendage (Fig. 3). Mid tibia two-thirds length of femur, laterally expanded, with deep concave ventral surface; pv margin with row of long setae, longer than width of tibia; anteroapical margin with broad lobe extending beyond base of tarsomere, lateral margin with row of more than 10 short, curved setae; av margin of basal half with several short, convoluted lobes, pair of erect, stout setae, and comb of short setae; 1 long, erect pd apical seta (Fig. 4). First tarsomere sinuous, nearly twice length of tibia; subbasal lobe densely clothed in microtrichia; anterior and posterior margins with long, curved setae, longer than twice width of tarsus, longest at mid-length; first tarsomere shorter than remaining 4 tarsomeres. Hind femur bow-legged, nearly twice length of fore femur, bearing long av and pd setae on apical third; 1 erect, subapical dorsal seta. Hind tibia with ad and av row of long, erect setae, nearly 3× width of tibia; basal fourth with long, erect dorsal seta. Hind tarsomeres longer than tibia; tarsomeres 1–3 clothed in long erect setae; fifth tarsomere dorsoventrally flattened. Abdomen. Sclerites paler than thorax, with long, stout setae along posterior margin of T1–6; posterior margin of T7 with broad U-shaped membranous region; T8 very slender, onesixth length of sternite, lateral margin expanded. Terminalia (Fig. 19). Hypandrium with posterior broad flap, folded anteriorly, bearing crown of long setae; paired articulated postgonites flanking phallus, project dorsally, apex attenuated. Phallus flattened, apex truncate with lateroapical sickle-shaped extensions curving around anterior margin of postgonites. Epandrium with 1 very long and 3–4 shorter, stout setae on ventrolateral margin; pair of round lobes flanking base of surstylus: anterior lobe with apical setulae, posterior lobe with crown of very stout, flattened setae. Bacilliform sclerite broad, fused to epandrium near base of cercus; small lobe from bacilliform sclerite at base of anterior epandrial lobe. Surstylus finshaped, tapered, bearing lateral setulae; base with 4 long setae. Cercus short, fleshy, apex acute, expanded laterally around anus; posterior surface well sclerotized. Female. Similar to male and female of C. athertonius except as follows: postpedicel short, subequal in length to scape; wing lacking posterior modification and setae; cell dm rectangular; medial fork with short petiole, basal to radial fork by more than length of R 4. Legs lacking modified appendages and setae; apex of fore tibia slightly expanded. Mid tibia with 1 ventral bristle at mid-length. Hind tibia with 3 ad bristles and 1 dorsal bristle. Terminalia (Fig. 21): median region of T8 with deep U-shaped weakly sclerotized zone; fringe of long setae. S8 subtriangular in lateral view. Spermathecal receptacle spherical, with short neck; base of spermathecal duct pigmented (Fig. 20). Distribution. This species is known only from two localities in Barrington Tops National Park (Fig. 28). Biology. Most adult specimens were collected from the underside of somewhat flattened emergent rocks in the Williams River located at Rocky Crossing. This river valley is surrounded by subtropical rainforest. A single specimen was collected at 1280 m in Nothofagus forest. Etymology. Named in reference to type locality.Published as part of Bradley J Sinclair, 2003, Taxonomy, Phylogeny and Zoogeography of the Subfamily Ceratomerinae of Australia (Diptera: Empidoidea), pp. 1-44 in Records of the Australian Museum 55 on pages 10-1
Ceratomerus maculatus Bradley J Sinclair 2003, n.sp.
No full text<i>Ceratomerus maculatus</i> n.sp. <p>Figs. 59, 70, 82, 83, 90, 102–105</p> <p> <b>Type material</b>. HOLOTYPE 3, “ AUST [ralia]: NSW[New South Wales]: 7 km E/ Robertson, Macquarie Pass / N.P., 23.xi.1993, cascading/ stream, B.J. Sinclair ”;“ HOLOTYPE / <i>Ceratomerus</i> / <i>maculatus</i> / Sinclair [red label]” AMS K175250. PARATYPES: <b>Australian Capital Territory</b>: 13, 2♀♀, Black Mtn, MT, xii.1987, M.Irwin; 13, Blundells Ck, 3 km E Piccadilly Circus, 35°22'S 148°50'E, 850 m, x.1985, Weir, Lawrence, Johnson; 1♀, same locality, v.1988, DHC (ANIC); 533, 1♀, Gibraltar Falls, 35°29'S 148°56'E, 8.xii.1993, BJS (ZFMK). <b>New South Wales</b>: 533, 3♀♀, same data as holotype; 933, 7♀♀, Kosciusko NP, Leatherbarrel Ck, 1000 m, 28.xi.1994, BJS, DJB (AMS, ZFMK); 633, 2♀♀, Barrington Tops NP, upper Gloucester R./ Falls, 1200 m, 20–21.xii.1993, BJS (CNC, ZFMK); 2 33, Barrington Tops NP, Gloucester Tops, 1200 m, <i>Nothofagus</i>, str., 21.xii.1993, BJS; 13, Blue Mtns NP, Blackheath, Rim Tr. at falls, 1000 m, 12.xii.1998, BJS; 733, 1♀, Blue Mtns NP, Grand Canyon, Greaves Ck, 27.iii.1994, 4.iv.1994, 18.vii.1994, BJS; 13, Belmore Falls, 2.x.1938, A.L. Tonnoir; 13, 5 mi S Monga, tree fern gully, leaf mould, 8.v.1968, DHC & Z. Liepa (ANIC); 433, Blue Mtns NP, Blackheath, Govett’s Ck below falls, 1.xii.1993, 25.xii.1993, 18.vii.1994, BJS; 233, Blue Mtns NP, Wentworth Falls, 23.x.1994, 10.vii.1994, BJS; 233, 27♀♀, Gloucester Tops, 1280 m, <i>Nothofagus</i>, MT, 19.xi–4.xii.1988, DJB; 1 ♀, Kanangra-Boyd NP, Boyd R. Cpgd, 1200 m, dry scler. veg., y.pans, 26.xi.1994, DJB; 833, 12♀♀, Kosciusko NP, upper Pipers Ck, 1600 m, 28–29.xi.1994, 7.xii.1994, BJS; 13, Oberon, Silent Ck, 34°6'S 149°45'E, 3.xi.1998, J. Potts; 13, Royal NP, Couranga Tr., 19.iii.1995, BJS; 13, Katoomba, 28.ix.1955, G.H. Hardy (AMS); 433, 1♀, Blue Mtns NP, Valley-of-the-Waters, below Vera Falls, 10.vii.1994, 23.x.1994, 9.iv.1995, BJS (AMS, CNC); 2♀♀, Kosciusko NP, nr Swamp Plain, Bogong Ck, 28.xi.1994, BJS; 233, Monga SF, 19– 24.i.1984, L. Masner; 13, Royal NP, Uloola Falls, 17.xii.1993, BJS (CNC); 433, 8♀♀, Styx R. SF, George’s Ck F.Res., Cunnawarra Ck, 3.iii.1995, BJS (USNM); 1♀, Styx R. SP, Wattle Flat, Styx R., 1200 m, 1.iv.1995, BJS (ZFMK). <b>Victoria</b>: 13, Errinundra Plateau, y.pans, Bonang Ck, 1.iv.1990, DJB; 233, 9♀♀, Errinundra Plateau, Gap Rd, Result Ck Falls, y.pans, 6– 7.xii.1994, BJS, DJB; 333, 5♀♀, 45 km N Orbost, Bonang Hwy, Martins Ck, 200 m, rainfor., 6.xii.1994, BJS; 1♀, Otway NP, Maits Rest, rainfor., y.pans, 350 m, 4–5.xii.1994, DJB; 1 3, 7♀♀, 9 km N Warburton, <i>Nothofagus</i>, Cement Ck, 1–3.xii.1994, BJS, DJB (AMS); 1 3, Fern Tree Gully NP, 20.viii.1967, T. Weir (UQIC); 433, 7♀♀, Otway Ra., <i>Nothofagus</i>, Beauchamp Falls, 350 m, 3–5.xii.1994, BJS, DJB (AMS, CNC); 1 ♀, Sassafras, 22.x.1922, A. Tonnoir; 333, 1♀, Warburton, Cement Ck, 670 m, <i>Nothofagus</i>, 10–17.i.1980, A. Newton & M.Thayer (ANIC); 6 33, 6♀♀, 29 km N Warburton, Acheron Way, Acheron R., rainforest, y.pans, 1– 3.xii.1994, BJS, DJB (AMS, CNC); 13, Warburton Rd to Mt.Donna Buang, roadcut seep, 3.xii.1994, BJS (CNC).</p> <p> <b>Additional material</b> (in alc.). <b>Australian Capital Territory</b>: 1133, 30♀♀, Blundells Ck, 3 km E Piccadilly Circus, 35°22'S 148°50'E, 850 m, iii–iv.1984, vi.1985, Weir, Lawrence, Johnson; 433, Wombat Ck, 6 km NE Piccadilly Circus, 35°19'S 148°51'E, 750 m, iv.1984, Weir, Lawrence, Johnson. <b>New South Wales</b>: 13, 6♀♀, New England NP, Toms Cabin, 30°30'S 152°24'E, 12–22.ii.1984, MT, I.D. Naumann (all ANIC).</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis</b>. Distinguished by the unique and distinctly bizarre male wing and inwardly bowed hindlegs. Females are generally larger in size than <i>C. falcatus</i> with darker wings, however they can be only confidently identified in association with males.</p> <p> <b>Description</b>. Wing length 2.6–2.9 mm, similar to <i>C. falcatus</i> except as follows:</p> <p> <b>Male</b>. <i>Head</i>. Face yellowish-brown; postocellar bristle long, subequal in length to ocellar bristle. Antenna with (Fig. 59) pedicel nearly equal in length to scape, bearing pair of dorsal setae on distal half; 1 ventral seta and apical fringe of long setae; postpedicel 1.5× height of head; apical three-fifths narrow, nearly parallel-sided, not strongly tapered; threesegmented stylus one-fifth length of postpedicel. Palpus yellow.</p> <p> <i>Thorax</i>. Pleura yellow, dorsal margin yellowish-brown; postpronotal lobe yellowish-brown.</p> <p> <i>Wing</i> (Fig. 82) with posterior margin of stem bearing fringe of long dark setae; anal lobe with fringe of minute setulae. Wing venation highly modified: R 1 ending in costa before middle of wing; R 2+3 and R 4 thickened, highly undulated; base of R 4 thickened; auxiliary cross-vein between R 2+3 and R 4 absent; 3 veins arising from cell dm; Cu thickened. Costal cell darkly infuscate; cell r 1 with dark spots along margin of R 1; cell br with median streak.</p> <p> <i>Legs</i>. Coxae and femora yellow, hind femora darker towards tip; tibiae and tarsi brown. Fore femur swollen, with av row of dark setae; pv region with 3 basal setae. Fore tibia equal in length to femur. First tarsomere half length of fore tibia; distal 4 tarsomeres dorsoventrally flattened, ventral margin with bare pale surface.</p> <p>Mid femur swollen, similar to fore femur, with av row of short setae, longer at base. Mid tibia with triangular lobe subapically, with shallow ventral excavation; apex with tuft of ventral setae. First tarsomere slightly bent subbasally, with stout ventral basal seta; shorter than remaining 4 tarsomeres; fourth and fifth tarsomeres dorsoventrally flattened.</p> <p>Hind femur bow-legged, with 1 preapical dorsal seta. Hind tibia bent and slightly twisted, compressed near midlength (Fig. 90); shorter than femur, apex dilated, bearing posteroapical comb; pv surface lacking setae. Hind tarsomeres shorter than tibia, slender.</p> <p> <i>Abdomen</i> as in <i>C. falcatus</i>.</p> <p> <i>Terminalia</i> (Figs. 102, 103). Hypandrium with short posterior flap-like process; 1 pair of long, sickle-shaped, articulated postgonites flanking phallus. Phallus comprising pair of long, straight, slender processes, overlapping apically. Apical corner of epandrium narrow; posterior margin with long setae along inner posterior margin. Surstylus weakly developed, with only partial subapical weakening on epandrium with row of marginal setae. Cercus thinly sclerotized, short, apex acute, expanded laterally around anus.</p> <p> <b>Female</b>. Similar to male and female of <i>C. falcatus</i> except as follows: wing (Fig. 83) lacking modified venation; darkly infuscate, with pale median streak in cells r 1, r 2+3 and r 4; medial fork distal to radial fork; cell dm rectangular, slender; auxiliary crossvein between R 2+3 and R 4 (occasionally absent on one wing). Terminalia (Fig. 104): T10 with anterior margin bearing stout, straight, spine-like setae; cercus with terminal cluster of 4–5 spine-like setae, similar to T10.</p> <p>Spermathecal receptacle spherical (Fig. 105).</p> <p> <b>Distribution</b>. This species is confined to the southeastern corner of Australia (i.e., southern NSW and Victoria), and overlaps with its sister species, <i>C. falcatus</i>, at Barrington Tops National Park and Styx River region in central NSW (Fig. 70). It is found at both high and low altitudes south of Sydney, but restricted to above 1000 m north of this latitude.</p> <p> <b>Biology</b>. A teneral specimen from the region of Monga was collected among leaf mould in a tree fern gallery. This may indicate that this species (and possibly others of this group) breed in damp soils associated with streams and is thus not truly aquatic.</p> <p> <b>Etymology</b>. The species name is derived from the Latin <i>maculatus</i> (spotted, stained) in reference to the spotted and patterned male wing.</p>Published as part of <i>Bradley J Sinclair, 2003, Taxonomy, Phylogeny and Zoogeography of the Subfamily Ceratomerinae of Australia (Diptera: Empidoidea), pp. 1-44 in Records of the Australian Museum 55</i> on pages 29-3
Ceratomerus falcatus Bradley J Sinclair 2003, n.sp.
No full text<i>Ceratomerus falcatus</i> n.sp. <p>Figs. 70, 76, 77, 80, 91, 92</p> <p> <b>Type material</b>. HOLOTYPE 3, “ AUST [ralia]: QLD [Queensland]: Lamington/ N.P., Green Mtns./ 6.v.1994, Elabana Falls/ B.J. Sinclair / ex. Canungra Ck.”; “ HOLOTYPE / <i>Ceratomerus</i> / <i>falcatus</i> / Sinclair [red label]” AMS K175249. P ARATYPES: <b>New South Wales</b>: 13, Barrington Tops NP, Gloucester Tops, 1200 m, <i>Nothofagus</i>, str., 21.xii.1993, BJS (ZFMK); 13, Barrington Tops NP, Williams R., subtrop. rainfor., 19– 20.xii.1993, DJB (AMS); 3833, 2♀♀, Barrington Tops NP, Williams R., subtrop. rainfor., 480 m, 19.xii.1993, 21.i.1995, BJS (AMS, CNC); 733, 3♀♀, 23 km WNW Bellangry, Cockerawombeeba Ck, warm temp. rainfor., 730 m, 8.xii.1986, 14–15.i.1988, DJB (AMS); 26 33, Border Ranges NP, Brindle Ck, 1000 m, rainfor., 25–26.i.1995, BJS (ANIC, CNC, ZFMK); 233, Chichester SF, Allyn R., 22.i.1995, BJS; 1♀, Dorrigo NP, 2–15.x.1984, MT, I. Naumann, J. Cardale (ANIC); 5 33, 1♀, Dorrigo NP, Rosewood Ck, 23.i.1995, BJS (CNC); 533, 1♀, Dorrigo NP, Sassafras Ck 700 m, Callicoma Falls, subtrop. rainfor., 1.iv.1995, BJS (ZFMK); 333, Mt. Hyland NP, Obeloe Ck, 1030 m, 30°10'S 152°27'E, y.pans, warm temp rainfor., 25–27.i.1996, DJB; 1 3, Werrikimbe NP, N. Plateau Beech For., y.pans, 28.xii.1993, DJB; 533, 9♀♀, Upper Allyn R., nr Eccleston, 4.v.1967, DKM (AMS). Queensland: 1033, 1♀, same data as holotype (AMS, CNC).</p> <p> <b>Additional material</b> (in alc.). New South Wales:13, 3♀♀, New England NP, Point Lookout, 30°29'S 152°25'E, 12.ii.1984, I.D. Naumann (ANIC).</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis</b>. Distinguished from other members of this species group by the simple male wings, with straight veins and lacking spots, and the auxiliary crossvein is present in both sexes. Females are generally difficult to separate from <i>C. maculatus</i>, but sometimes distinguished by their more lightly infuscate wings and the radial fork is generally proximal to cell dm.</p> <p> <b>Description</b>. Wing length 2.1–2.3 mm.</p> <p> <b>Male</b>. <i>Head</i> (Fig. 91) dark brown, dull; face pale brown, lacking setae; ocellar triangle with 2 widely spaced, divergent bristles, inserted anterior to lateral ocelli; postocellar bristle long, two-thirds to subequal to length of ocellar bristle; 2 pairs of long vertical bristles; postocular bristles long, overlapping one-third of eye. Antenna with scape two-thirds height of eye, with 3–4 dorsal setae and 1 long ventral seta; pedicel cylindrical, slightly greater than half length of scape; setae confined to apical fringe. Postpedicel covered by long, dense pruinescence, less than 1.5× height of head; basal half rectangular; apical half narrow, nearly parallel-sided, not strongly tapered; threesegmented stylus one-fourth length of postpedicel; segment 8 short, width subequal to length; stylus concolorous with remaining segments. Base of labrum lacking dorsal process; palpus yellowish-brown, slender, one-sixth length of labrum, with several dark setae; prementum with short setae only.</p> <p> <i>Thorax</i>. Scutum and postnotum dark brown; pleura brown, darker along dorsal margin; postpronotal lobe brown; scutum lacking vitta of pruinescence. Alternating row of short acrostichals to prescutellar depression, subequal in length, directed posteriorly; 4 dc, third dc short and slender; 1 pprn; 1 presut spal; 2 npl, lower weak; 2 psut spal; 1 pal; 4 sctl, outer pair short, slender; additional setulae lacking. Antepronotum lacking setulae.</p> <p> <i>Wing</i> (Fig. 80) infuscate, stigma lacking; single short costal seta; costal margin with unmodified setulae; posterior margin lacking incision; posterior setal margin complete, unmodified. R 2+3 gradually arched to C, not deflected; radial fork bellshaped; medial fork distal to radial fork; cell dm rectangular, slender; auxiliary crossvein between R 2+3 and R 4 (occasionally absent on one wing). Halter with pale brown knob.</p> <p> <i>Legs</i>. Coxae yellowish brown, remaining leg segments brown, darker towards tip. Fore coxa about twice length of mid coxa, with long dark anterior setae. Fore trochanter lacking modified setae. Fore femora slightly swollen, with av row of dark setulae; pv region with 2 basal setulae. Fore tibia slightly shorter than femur; apex with anteroapical comb, not dilated. First tarsomere greater than half length of fore tibia; tarsomeres 1–3 slender, tarsomeres 4 and 5 dorsoventrally flattened.</p> <p>Mid coxa lacking modified seta. Mid femur slender with unmodified setae.Mid tibia subequal in length to femur; lacking erect setae. First tarsomere equal in length to remaining 4 tarsomeres; tarsomere 5 dorsoventrally flattened.</p> <p>Hind coxa with unmodified setae. Hind femur straight with 1 preapical dorsal seta. Hind tibia straight, shorter than femur, apex dilated, bearing posteroapical comb; pv surface lacking setae. Hind tarsomeres longer than tibia; first tarsomere with 1 short, erect ventral seta near base; tarsomere 5 dorsoventrally flattened.</p> <p> <i>Abdomen</i> pale brown, sclerites thinly sclerotized, posteromarginal setae short, longest on T6; sclerites lacking ridges and modified setae; central region of T7 membranous; S7 slightly longer than preceding sclerite, lacking posterolateral extension; T8 slender, with broad rectangular posterior membranous zone.</p> <p> <i>Terminalia</i> (Figs. 76, 77, 92). Hypandrium with short posterior flap-like process; 2 pairs of sickle-shaped, articulated postgonites flanking phallus, outer pair shorter, strongly recurved, inner pair long, slender. Phallus comprises single, straight, pointed median process. Apical corner of epandrial lamella narrow; posterior margin with long setae along inner posterior margin. Surstylus weakly developed, with only partial subapical weakening on epandrium. Cercus thinly sclerotized, short, apex blunt, expanded laterally around anus.</p> <p> <b>Female</b>. Similar to male except as follows: pedicel slightly greater than half length of scape; palpus brown; setae and modifications of legs lacking; pleura brown. Apical segments retracted into segment 7; apical margin of segment 7 not folded inwards; T7 lacking posterior fringe of setae; lateral margin of S7 straight. Terminalia: central region of T8 with deep U-shaped weakly sclerotized zone; fringe of long setae along lateral ridge; anterior margin with broad, flattened, median process, extending beneath T7 when segment retracted; S8 the posterior margin invaginated, forming internal flooring. T10 split medially into pair of rectangular sclerites; anterior margin with stout, straight, spine-like setae; cercus with terminal cluster of 4–5 spinelike setae, similar to T10. Spermathecal receptacle spherical, with short neck where duct attached.</p> <p> <b>Distribution</b>. This species is distributed from the Border Ranges at the New South Wales and Queensland border, south to Barrington Tops at elevations generally above 400 m (Fig. 70).</p> <p> <b>Etymology</b>. The specific name is from the Latin <i>falcatus</i> (sickle-shaped), referring to the shape of the male postgonites.</p>Published as part of <i>Bradley J Sinclair, 2003, Taxonomy, Phylogeny and Zoogeography of the Subfamily Ceratomerinae of Australia (Diptera: Empidoidea), pp. 1-44 in Records of the Australian Museum 55</i> on pages 27-2
Letter to David Meriwether from William J. Sinclair
No full textLetter dated February 6, 1856 from William J. Sinclair, New York, New York, to David Meriwether, Governor of New Mexico, requesting the appointment of Commissioner of Deeds for New Mexico in New York. HL introduction page overlaid by document. Letter in English, handwritten, 1pp/fr
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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