1,721,133 research outputs found
From vegetable food waste to earthworms as novel food/feed: microbial hazard identification
No full textFrom vegetable food waste to earthworms as novel food/feed: microbial hazard identification D. Tedesco, J. Parisi, M. Castrica and C. Balzaretti Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milano, Italy; [email protected] Earthworms grown on fruit and vegetable waste can be a future alternative, and sustainable, food/feed source, contributing to waste disposal efficiency, responding to global food demand and reducing GHG (Greenhouse Gases) emission. In this study, we evaluated the earthworms (Eisenia foetida) when reared on food vegetable waste, in order to establish critical limits and critical control points (HACCP) of this rearing system, for the prevention, elimination or reduction of identified microbial hazards. Our aim is to verify the safety of these new food / feed, regarding the presence of pathogenic micro-organisms, other than those provided by the reg. (EU) 2073/2005. In our first HACCP evaluation, the earthworms from this rearing process were characterized by levels of microflora ranged above common benchmark and threshold values to be considered a safety product. In this step, continuing on the HACCP system and Critical Control Point (CCP) identification, we evaluated the microbial contamination of earthworms (Eisenia foetida) reared on food vegetable waste that belong to the category ‘fruit and vegetables to consume raw, uncut and unprocessed’. The earthworms samples from this rearing process were analyzed according to AFNOR and ISO methods for Total Bacterial Count, Enterobacteriaceae, coagulase-positive Staphylococci, Bacillus cereus, Total Coliforms, Listeria Monocytogenes, sulphite reducing Clostridia, Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. Bacterial counts were expressed as Log cfu/g sample. Conforming to the Reg. (EU) 2073/2005, Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes were absent in 25 g samples; Escherichia coli and coagulase-positive Staphylococci were below the detection limit (1 log cfu/g). Nevertheless, samples were characterized by unsatisfactory levels of Enterobacteriaceae and total coliforms, whereas Bacillus cereus and sulphite reducing Clostridia were slightly higher than the acceptable safety range. Considering that fruit and vegetable waste substrate, represents the primary source of microbiological contamination for earthworms and consequently a relevant CCP, other detailed studies are needed to reduce the hazard and guarantee the safety of this new nutritional source
In vitro evaluation of plants vegetable waste: effects on rumen fermentation
No full textIn vitro evaluation of plants vegetable waste: effects on rumen fermentation D. Tedesco, J. Parisi and L. Garavaglia Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milano, Italy; [email protected] The plants vegetable waste originating from the processing of food and phytopharmaceutical products, still contain valuable phytochemicals. These waste could be recovered as feed or feed additives in ruminant nutrition. In an anaerobic batch culture rumen system, the activities of 18 vegetable waste were evaluated on microbial growth, pH, ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N), volatile fatty acid concentration (VFA) and methane production. Of the waste were tested the raw material and their extracts after water, ethanol and heptane extraction. The waste, raw and extracts, in two replicates, were added into the bottles at three different concentrations. Data on pH, concentration and proportion of VFA, NH3-N and total bacterial count (after logarithmic transformation), were statistically analysed using the PROC GLM of SAS. Considering the effect on energy metabolism, among the screened waste, mango peel, larch sawdust and thyme waste, for all the dosage tested, exhibited an increase in total VFA concentration, associated with a slightly increase in methane production. Considering the effect on rumen nitrogen metabolism mango peel and larch sawdust decreased the NH3-N concentration (P<0.05). Of the plant waste with a detrimental effect on rumen fermentation, olive fruit waste decreased the VFA concentration (P<0.05). In conclusion, mango peel exhibited positive effects on rumen activity followed by larch sawdust and thyme, and they can be utilised to improve the rumen environment and nutrient use efficiency. Furthermore, the following beneficial effects were highlighted: mitigation of the environmental impact of livestock by improving the efficiency of diets and by the complete and efficient use of plant waste
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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