1,720,962 research outputs found
Archivi digitali e valutazione della produzione scientifica
Full text linkNegli ultimi anni lo sviluppo del World Wide Web ha sostenuto la diffusione di archivi digitali, accessibili via Internet, per materiale bibliografico di vario tipo ma in particolare per i prodotti della ricerca scientifica. Nell’ambito della produzione scientifica la pubblicazione online garantisce un’immediata riduzione dei costi e dei tempi di pubblicazione, nonché dei tempi di accesso e interrogazione degli archivi. Inoltre gli archivi bibliografici online, facilitando l’accesso alle risorse, producono un impatto positivo sul numero di citazioni che una pubblicazione può ottenere; come è stato dimostrato anche empiricamente da alcuni studi [10]. Tuttavia, a ben vedere, questi elementi non esauriscono affatto le innovazioni ai processi di fruizione dei prodotti della ricerca scientifica che l’adozione di archivi digitali può determinare.
Una revisione delle applicazioni del diritto d’autore è ad esempio auspicata dal movimento Open Access [11]. Secondo questo punto di vista l’accesso alle pubblicazioni scientifiche va sempre incentivato in quanto ne beneficiano sia l’autore che la società in generale. Di conseguenza, è sbagliato usare il diritto d’autore come strumento per limitare l’accesso ed andrebbe invece utilizzato per garantire l’accessibilità delle opere. Per realizzare al meglio le potenzialità degli archivi digitali andrebbe quindi ripensato l’intero processo editoriale, derivando profitti non dalla vendita delle opere quanto dall’offerta di spazio agli autori.
Ma un altro valore molto significativo che può essere tratto dall’adozione di archivi digitali è relativo al processo di valutazione dell’impatto della produzione scientifica. Ne sottolinea peraltro l’importanza anche un recente documento della divisione di ricerca della comunità europea intitolato “Assessing Europe’s University based Research” [9]. La valutazione della ricerca è un processo che coinvolge un insieme articolato di attori, quali i centri di ricerca, le università, i governi, le imprese. Gli strumenti di valutazione possono essere di varia natura e riguardare aspetti diversi delle attività di ricerca. Tipicamente un giudizio di valutazione è composto da indicatori che insistono su aspetti differenti. Tuttavia, soprattutto nel settore pubblico, assume particolare rilevanza la valutazione dell’impatto delle pubblicazioni scientifiche prodotte. I temi aperti in questo ambito sono molti. Le iniziative si moltiplicano. L’obiettivo è quello di proporre processi e strumenti in grado di garantire la più elevata correttezza dei dati raccolti e di certificare le informazioni in modo che possano essere utilizzate per procedure di valutazione affidabili. In questo articolo saranno discusse alcune innovazioni che potrebbero essere introdotte negli archivi digitali per migliorare la correttezza dei dati e garantire un processo di certificazione della loro effettività. Dall’analisi emergono alcune linee guida per la realizzazione di un prototipo innovativo che il progetto EPICA, interamente finanziato con i fondi 5 per mille dell’Università degli Studi di Milano, sta implementando, con l’obiettivo di illustrare un tipo di infrastruttura in grado di adattarsi ai processi di interazione attualmente in uso
Big Data Platform for Public Health Policies
No full textPublic Health Policy making process is usually supported by traditional methods to assist the evaluation, like pseudo-evaluation methods and formal evaluation methods, to name but a few. In this paper, we propose the adoption of a Big Data platform supporting the definition and evaluation of a Public Health Policy allowing evidence-based analysis and reducing the need of costly clinical trials. The paper presents a formalized Public Health Policy in deontic logic form, the methodology of the policy making process, and the structure of the Big Data platform implementing the methodology. Concluding, we carried out a preliminary evaluation on a real case study demonstrating the benefits of our approach
Towards a collaborative innovation catalyst
No full textThis position paper is aimed at highlighting the potential connection between Pervasive Systems and Collaborative Innovation. In particular, we discuss the architectural structure of an Innovation Catalyst supporting a collaboration methodology based on the Open Innovation paradigm. Our system is conceived for stimulating the collaborative dynamics of a team, exploiting all the information produced in the collaborative environment, including situational context, communication in team interactions, and personal behaviours. The results of our work can contribute to a more general understanding of the elements that catalyse collaborative innovation
Security certification-aware service discovery and selection
No full textWe present a security-enhanced solution to the discovery and selection of services. This solution integrates a test-based certification scheme proving the security properties of services. In particular, we describe two algorithms enabling clients to select the service that best addresses their security requirements. We also present a prototype implementation of our approach and an experimental evaluation of its performances
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Exploiting participatory design in open innovation factories
No full textIn this paper we describe a methodology and a set of tools that support the exploitation of ideas, suggestions and proposals coming from different sources, internal and external to the organization (e.g. customers and employees). Items extracted from incoming message flows are used as a basis of a participatory design process. In this context, we discuss the design principles of an environment we call Open Innovation Factory, supporting collaborative design of new products and services
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
- …
