2,020 research outputs found
Living Apart Together: The Economic Value of Ethnic Diversity in Cities
No full textIn consumer cities, the presence and location of immigrants impacts house prices through two channels, which both can be valued positively as well as negatively: (i) their presence and contribution to population diversity and (ii) the creation of immigrant-induced consumer amenities like those associated with ethnic restaurants in terms of both quantity as well as diversity. We hypothesize that these two mechanisms create a trade-off in which city dwellers want to live apart yet consume together. We derive a simple intra-city residential location model in which distance to immigrant amenities and the immigrant population in neighborhoods contribute to the explanation of differences in house prices. We use unique micro data of house prices and ethnic restaurants in the city of Amsterdam over the 1996-2011 period to estimate the trade-off between consumers' love for ethnic goods and its variety on the one hand, and ethnic residential composition on the other hand. Our results show the existence of a trade-off in which access to ethnic restaurants compensates for the negative effect of the presence of immigrants on house prices. Diversity of immigrant-induced amenities has an additional positive effect on house prices
Bouwstof voor de oplossing van naoorlogsche vraagstukken door P.M. garon van Asbeck, J. Tinbergen, J.H.W.Verzijl en anderen. Afgesloten Augustus 1944.
No full textDo Communist and Free Economies Show a Converging Pattern?
No full textAlso published in: M. Bornstein (Ed.), Comparative Economic Systems: models and cases, R.D. Irwin, Homewood (Ill.), 1965, pp. 455-464.
In German: Kommt es zu einer Annäherung zwischen den kummunistischen und den freiheitlichen Wirtschaftsordnungen?,
Hamburger Jahrbuch für Wirtschafts- und Gesellschaftspolitik, Vol. 8, 1963,
pp. 11-20.
In French: Les Economies Communistes et Libérales Convergent-elles vers un Modèle Commun?, in: Jan Tinbergen, Politique Economique et Optimum Social, Economica, Paris, 1972, pp. 61-7
How econometric models help policy makers; theory and practice
No full textFrisch and Tinbergen founded the standard framework for finding the optimal economic policy by maximizing the welfare function under constraints supplied by the econometric model. Frisch worried about the reliability of the model and Tinbergen thought that it would be too difficult to specify the welfare function. Looking at current practice in Dutch policy making, both worries are relevant but the solutions proposed by the founders are not very helpful. Rather, the solution is found in applying an iterative trial-and-error procedure interfacing between the policy maker and the model-cum-expert system. The main contributions of the standard framework are its useful set of concepts, the famous order condition for a feasible solution, and the clear definition of role models for the two parties in the interaction.
Commentaar op W. C. Ultee\u27s \u27Over sociale ongelijkheid\u27
No full textPresented are comments on W. C. Ultee\u27s arguments (see SA 29:1/81L2252). In Is dat nou kritisch-rationalistisch ondersoek? (Is This a Critical-Rationalistic Investigation?) J. Dronkers (Netherlands University, Amsterdam) argues that the eighteen hypotheses Ultee ascribes to revisionist historical-materialism are poorly founded empirically. Some of his hypotheses are more characteristic of Christian democrats, liberals, or enlightened conservatives than of social democrats. Ultee\u27s refutation of some of these hypotheses falls short of its goal. In particular he makes the empirical difficulties faced by the social democrat hypotheses seem exaggerated. Also, Ultee does not have an adequate instrument for measuring progress in postwar socialist thinking. J. Tinbergen argues that more research is necessary on possible national differences & on the limits on social equality due to heredity. He points out several phenomena neglected by Ultee & some unfortunate formulas, eg, degree devaluation. Underutilized instruments of socioeconomic policy are mentioned. H. M. Veld-Langeveld defends Ultee\u27s report. Its goal was not to analyze postwar revisionist socialism. It has contributed at least two major insights by emphasizing: (1) the overlapping of various aspects of unequal distribution from which the existence of a strongly institutionalized social stratification derives, & (2) the importance of the existing division of labor for social inequality. The problem of status inconsistency is briefly discussed. A. Orianne
A fixed energetic ceiling to parental effort in the great tit?
No full text1. To elucidate the links between avian brood size, parental effort and parental investment, we measured daily energy expenditure (DEEfem), condition (residuals of mass on tarsus) and feeding rate in female great tits Parus major L. rearing broods in which the number of young was either reduced, unmanipulated or enlarged. 2. Female condition was negatively correlated with manipulation when measured at the nestling age of 8 days (measured during the day), which suggests a shift in allocation from self-feeding to chick-feeding. However, there was no detectable manipulation effect on condition measured at the nestling age of 12 days (measured during the night). Either female condition was only affected by manipulation in the early nestling phase or the females adjusted their diurnal mass trajectory in response to brood size manipulation. More detailed data are required to verify this point. There were no indications of a fitness cost associated with the condition during the day, but condition at night was positively related to winter survival. Since manipulation only affected condition during the day, there was no link between manipulation and winter survival. 3. The duration of the working day was not affected by manipulation and female feeding rate tended to flatten off with manipulated brood size. Similarly, brood reduction resulted in a lower DEEfem, whilst brood enlargement had no effect. This suggests that females worked at an energetic ceiling when rearing an unmanipulated brood. However, the level of this 'ceiling' in DEEfem was not fixed: it differed between years. This leads us to conclude that the observed ceiling was imposed by extrinsic factors (e.g. available foraging time) and not by an intrinsic factor such as maximum energy assimilation rate. We hypothesize that time limitation was the cause for the observed ceiling in energy expenditure and that the annual variation in the level of this ceiling was due to annual variation in ambient temperature. 4. A cost of reproduction was previously demonstrated in this population: brood enlargement caused a reduction in the incidence of second clutches. However, since DEEfem did not differ between control and enlarged broods, we judge it unlikely that daily energy expenditure is a general predictor for parental investment. [KEYWORDS: clutch size; condition; energy expenditure; cost of reproduction; parental effort; Parus major L. Starlings sturnus-vulgaris; kestrel falco-tinnunculus; parus-major; brood size; clutch size; blue tits; food availability; feeding frequency; field metabolism; trade-offs]
Earthquake risk embedded in property prices: Evidence from five Japanese cities
No full textWe analyze the impact of short-run and long-run earthquake risk on Japanese property prices. We exploit a rich panel data set of property characteristics, ward attractiveness information, macroeconomic variables, seismic hazard data, and historical earthquake occurrences, supplemented with short-run earthquake probabilities that we generate from a seismic excitation model. We design a hedonic property price model that allows for probability weighting, employ a multivariate error components structure, and develop associated maximum likelihood estimation and variance computation procedures. We find that distorted short-run and long-run earthquake probabilities have a significantly negative impact on property prices. Our approach enables us to identify the total compensation for earthquake risk embedded in property prices and to decompose this into pieces stemming from short-run and long-run risk, and to further decompose this into objective and distorted risk components
Denial and alarmism in collective action problems
No full textFörster M, van der Weele JJ. Denial and alarmism in collective action problems. Tinbergen Institute Discussion Paper. Vol TI 2018-019/I. Amsterdam ; Rotterdam: Tinbergen Institute; 2018.We analyze communication about the social returns to investment in a public good.
We model two agents who have private information about these returns as well as
their own taste for cooperation, or social preferences. Before deciding to contribute
or not, each agent submits an unverifiable report about the returns to the other
agent. We show that even if the public good benefits both agents, there are incentives
to misrepresent information. First, others' willingness to cooperate generates
an incentive for "alarmism", the exaggeration of social returns in order to opportunistically
induce more investment. Second, if people also want to be perceived as
cooperators, a "justification motive" arises for low contributors. As a result, equilibrium
communication features "denial" about the returns, depressing contributions.
We illustrate the model in the context of institutional inertia and the climate change
debate
Spatial diversity in canopy height at Redshank and Oystercatcher nest-sites in relation to livestock grazing
No full textIn this study we examined the effect of different livestock grazing treatments on breeding bird densities in a salt marsh habitat. To avoid an experiment on the large scale needed to directly measure grazing effects on bird densities, we followed a two-step approach. First, we measured vegetation micro-patterns (mosaic of lower vegetation and taller patches at 4×4 m) around Common Redshank Tringa totanus and Eurasian Oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus nests and at random sites paired with these nests sites to judge suitability of micro-patterns for nest building. Secondly, we measured micro-patterns at 120 permanent plots in five different experimental grazing treatments to determine how grazing affects micro-patterns. We compared low stocking density of both cattle and of horses, high stocking density of cattle and of horses, and intermittent grazing with a high stocking density of cattle (i.e. yearly intervals of grazing and no grazing). Redshank and Oystercatcher nests occurred in sites with taller vegetation and more pronounced micro-patterns than found at random sites. Paddocks grazed with low densities of livestock or with a high density intermittent grazing treatment had micro-patterns preferred by the birds. We conclude that Redshanks and Oystercatchers may benefit in terms of potential nest sites from grazing at low livestock densities or at intermittent stocking densities through effects of grazing on micro-patterns in the vegetation.
Macroeconomic Confusion
No full textThis note critically evaluates the New Classical Macroeconomics from a Marshallian perspective. Revisiting the famous Keynes-Tinbergen controversy, it is argued that Keynes' criticism comprises the "Lucas critique," and that it is misleading to label this a critique of Keynesian economics. The postulate of immutable economic structures carries Tinbergen's approach to the extreme and neglects the possibility of slowly changing structures, as conceived by Marshall. The position is defended by arguments about equilibrium and rationality that are admittedly empty
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