92 research outputs found
Current directions in videoconferencing tele-mental health research
No full textThe provision of mental health services via videoconferencing tele-mental health has become an increasingly routine component of mental health service delivery throughout the world. Emphasizing the research literature since 2003, we examine (a) the extent to which the field of tele-mental health has advanced the research agenda previously suggested and (b) implications for tele-mental healthcare delivery for special clinical populations. Previous findings have demonstrated that tele-mental health services are satisfactory to patients, improve outcomes, and are probably cost effective. In the very small number of randomized controlled studies that have been conducted to date, tele-mental health has demonstrated equivalent efficacy compared to face-to-face care in a variety of clinical settings and with specific patient populations. However, methodologically flawed or limited research studies are the norm, and thus the research agenda for tele-mental health has not been fully maximized. Implications for future research and practice are discussed
Flavoring Agents Present In A Dentifrice Can Modify Volatile Sulphur Compounds (vscs) Formation In Morning Bad Breath
No full textThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of a flavor-containing dentifrice on the formation of volatile sulphur compounds (VSCs) in morning bad breath. A two-step, blinded, crossover, randomized study was carried out in 50 dental students with a healthy periodontium divided into two experimental groups: flavor-containing dentifrice (test) and non-flavor-containing dentifrice (control). The volunteers received the designated dentifrice and a new toothbrush for a 3 X/day brushing regimen for 2 periods of 30 days. A seven-day washout interval was used between the periods. The assessed parameters were: plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), organoleptic breath scores (ORG), VSC levels (as measured by a portable sulphide monitor) before (H1) and after (H2) cleaning of the tongue, tongue coating (TC) wet weight and BANA test from TC samples. The intra-group analysis showed a decrease in ORG, from 3 to 2, after 30 days for the test group (p 0.05). These findings suggest that a flavor-containing dentifrice seems to prevent VSCs formation in morning bad breath regardless of the amount of TC in periodontally healthy subjects.223252257Lee, C.H., Kho, H.S., Chung, S.C., Lee, S.W., Kim, Y.K., The relationship between volatile sulfur compounds and major halitosis-inducing factors (2003) J Periodontol, 74 (1), pp. 32-37Goldberg, S., Kozlovsky, D., Gordon, D., Gelernter, I., Sintov, A., Rosenberg, M., Cadaverine as a putative component of oral malodor (1994) J Dent Res, 73 (6), pp. 1168-1172Persson, S., Edlund, M.B., Claesson, R., Carlsson, J., The formation of hydrogen sulphide and methyl mercaptan by oral bacteria (1990) Oral Microbiol Immunol, 5 (4), pp. 195-201Sharma, N.C., Galustians, H.J., Qaqish, J., The clinical effectiveness of a dentifrice containing triclosan and a copolymer for controlling breath odor measured organoleptically twelve hours after toothbrushing (1999) J Clin Dent, 10 (4), pp. 131-134Faveri, M., Hayacibara, M.F., Pupio, G.C., Cury, J.A., Tsuzuki, C.O., Hayacibara, R.M., A cross-over study on the effect of various therapeutic approaches to morning breath odor (2006) J Clin Periodontol, 33 (8), pp. 555-560Rosenberg, M., McCulloch, C.A.G., Measurements of oral mal-odor: Current methods and future prospects (1992) J Periodontol, 63 (9), pp. 776-782Nogueira-Filho, G.R., Duarte, P.M., Toledo, S., Tabchoury, C.P.M., Cury, J.A., Effect of triclosan dentifrices on mouth volatile sulphur compounds and dental plaque trypsin-like activity during experimental gingivitis development (2002) J Clin Periodontol, 29 (12), pp. 1059-1064Niles, H.P., Miller, S., Gaffar, A., Mouth odor reduction by a sodium bicarbonate dentifrice (1993) J Dent Res, 72 (4), pp. 249-252Brunette, D.M., Proskin, H.M., Nelson, B.J., The effects of dentifrice systems on oral malodor (1998) J Clin Dent, 9 (3), pp. 76-82Gerlach, R.W., Hyde, J.D., Poore, C.L., Stevens, D.P., Witt, J.J., Breath effects of three marketed dentifrices: A comparative study evaluating single and cumulative use (1998) J Clin Dent, 9 (4), pp. 83-88Bowen, W.H., The significance of toothpaste in oral hygiene (1992) Embery G, Rölla G. Clinical and Biological Aspects of Dentifrices, pp. 9-16. , Oxford University Press: New York;Davis, W.B., The function of toothpaste components (1981) The Windsor Seminar on toothpaste standards with special emphasis on abrasion, , Jorgensen KD, editor, Council of Public Health, Danish Dental Association;Ainamo, J., Bay, I., Problems and proposals for recording gingivitis and plaque (1975) Int Dent J, 25 (4), pp. 229-235Kozlovsky, A., Gordon, D., Gelernter, I., Loesche, W.J., Rosenberg, M., Correlation between the BANA test and oral malodor parameters (1994) J Dent Res, 73 (5), pp. 1036-1042Rosenberg, M., Kulkarni, G.V., Bosy, A., McCulloch, C.A., Reproducibility and sensitivity of oral malodor measurements with a portable sulphide monitor (1991) J Dent Res, 70 (11), pp. 1436-1440Loesche, W.J., Bretz, W.A., Lopatin, D., Stoll, J., Rau, C.F., Hillenburg, K.L., Multi-center clinical evaluation of a chairside method for detecting certain periodontopathic bacteria in periodontal disease (1990) J Periodontol, 61 (3), pp. 189-196Loesche, W.J., Kazor, C., Microbiology and treatment of halitosis (2002) Periodontol 2000, 28 (1), pp. 256-279Ayres M, Ayres M Jr, Ayres DL, Dos Santos AS. 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Belém: Sociedade Civil Mamirauá, Brasília: CNPq2000Pedrazzi, V., Sato, S., Mattos, M.G.C., Lara, E.H.G., Panzeri, H., Tongue-cleaning methods: A comparative clinical trial employing a toothbrush and a tongue scraper (2004) J Periodontol, 75 (7), pp. 1009-1012Bosy, A., Kulkarni, G.V., Rosenberg, M., McCulloch, C.A., Relationship of oral malodor to periodontitis: Evidence of independence in discrete subpopulations (1994) J Periodontol, 65 (1), pp. 37-46De Boever, E.H., Loesche, W.J., Assessing contribution of anaerobic microflora of the tongue to oral malodor (1995) J Am Dent Assoc, 126 (10), pp. 1384-1393Miyazaki, H., Sakao, S., Katoh, Y., Takehara, T., Correlation between volatile sulfur-containing compounds and certain oral health measurements in the general population (1995) J Periodontol, 66 (8), pp. 679-684Yaegaki, K., Sanada, K., Volatile sulfur compounds in mouth air from clinically healthy subjects and patients with periodontal disease (1992) J Periodontal Res, 27 (4 PART 1), pp. 233-238Morris, P.P., Read, R.R., Halitosis: Variations in mouth and total breath odor intensity resulting from prophylaxis (1949) J Dent Res, 28 (3), pp. 324-33
Discovery and Communication of Important Marketing Findings: Evidence and Proposals
No full textMy review of empirical research on scientific publication led to the following conclusions. Three criteria are useful for identifying whether findings are important: replication, validity, and usefulness. A fourth criterion, surprise, applies in some situations. Based on these criteria, important findings resulting from academic research in marketing seem to be rare. To a large extent, this rarity is due to a reward system that is built around subjective peer review. Rather than using peer review as a secret screening process, using an open process likely will improve papers and inform readers. Researchers, journals, business schools, funding agencies, and professional organizations can all contribute to improving the process. For example, researchers should do directed research on papers that contribute to principles. Journals should invite papers that contribute to principles. Business school administrators should reward researchers who make important findings. Funding agencies should base decisions on researchers' prior success in making important findings, and professional organizations should maintain web sites that describe what is known about principles and what research is needed on principles.marketing, marketing findings
Marriage and Other Risky Assets: A Portfolio Approach
No full textWe study the joint impact of gender and marital status on financial decisions. First, we test the hypothesis that marriage represents - in a portfolio framework - a sort of safe asset, and that this effect is stronger for women. Controlling for a number of observable characteristics, we show that single women have a lower propensity to invest in risky assets than married females and males. Second, we show that the differential behavior of single women evolves over time, reflecting the increasing incidence of divorce and the expansion of female labor market participation. In particular, towards the end of our sample period, we observe a reduction in the gap between women with different family status, which can be attributed to the gradual erosion of the perception of marriage as a sort of safe asset. Our results therefore suggest that the differential behavior of single vs. married women is explained more accurately by the evolution of gender roles in society, rather than by exogenous and time invariant risk attitudes. Our empirical investigation is based on a dataset drawn from the 1989-2006 Bank of Italy Survey of Household Income and Wealth.portfolio choice; marriage; divorce; labor force participation
The Role of High-Tech Capital Formation for Swedish Productivity Growth
No full textWhile using new data and standard growth-accounting techniques, this paper takes a closer look at the Swedish productivity revival in the second half of the 1990s. In particular, I find large total factor productivity growth in high-tech producing sectors and capital deepening associated with high-tech equipment elsewhere. In addition, for high-tech producers, high-tech capital deepening has as a rule contributed negatively to labor productivity growth - a result above all driven by large increases in hours worked in this sector. I also find that in the business sector, the contribution from high-tech capital deepening to labor productivity growth increased from about 1 percent 1994 to 9 percent 1999.
Intestinal microbiota in human health and disease: the impact of probiotics
No full textThe complex communities of microorganisms that colonise the human gastrointestinal tract play an important role in human health. The development of culture-independent molecular techniques has provided new insights in the composition and diversity of the intestinal microbiota. Here, we summarise the present state of the art on the intestinal microbiota with specific attention for the application of high-throughput functional microbiomic approaches to determine the contribution of the intestinal microbiota to human health. Moreover, we review the association between dysbiosis of the microbiota and both intestinal and extra-intestinal diseases. Finally, we discuss the potential of probiotic microorganism to modulate the intestinal microbiota and thereby contribute to health and well-being. The effects of probiotic consumption on the intestinal microbiota are addressed, as well as the development of tailor-made probiotics designed for specific aberrations that are associated with microbial dysbiosi
Independent large scale duplications in multiple M. tuberculosis lineages overlapping the same genomic region
No full textMycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of most human tuberculosis, infects one third of the world's population and kills an estimated 1.7 million people a year. With the world-wide emergence of drug resistance, and the finding of more functional genetic diversity than previously expected, there is a renewed interest in understanding the forces driving genome evolution of this important pathogen. Genetic diversity in M. tuberculosis is dominated by single nucleotide polymorphisms and small scale gene deletion, with little or no evidence for large scale genome rearrangements seen in other bacteria. Recently, a single report described a large scale genome duplication that was suggested to be specific to the Beijing lineage. We report here multiple independent large-scale duplications of the same genomic region of M. tuberculosis detected through whole-genome sequencing. The duplications occur in strains belonging to both M. tuberculosis lineage 2 and 4, and are thus not limited to Beijing strains. The duplications occur in both drug-resistant and drug susceptible strains. The duplicated regions also have substantially different boundaries in different strains, indicating different originating duplication events. We further identify a smaller segmental duplication of a different genomic region of a lab strain of H37Rv. The presence of multiple independent duplications of the same genomic region suggests either instability in this region, a selective advantage conferred by the duplication, or both. The identified duplications suggest that large-scale gene duplication may be more common in M. tuberculosis than previously considere
Marriage and Other Risky Assets: A Portfolio Approach
No full textWe study the joint impact of gender and marital status on financial decisions. First, we test the hypothesis that marriage represents - in a portfolio framework - a sort of safe asset, and that this effect is stronger for women. Controlling for a number of observable characteristics, we show that single women have a lower propensity to invest in risky assets than married females and males. Second, we show that the differential behavior of single women evolves over time, reflecting the increasing incidence of divorce and the expansion of female labor market participation. In particular, towards the end of our sample period, we observe a reduction in the gap between women with different family status, which can be attributed to the gradual erosion of the perception of marriage as a sort of safe asset. Our results therefore suggest that the differential behavior of single vs. married women can be explained by the evolution of gender roles in society, even after controlling for differential risk attitudes. Our empirical investigation is based on a dataset drawn from the 1989-2006 Bank of Italy Survey of Household Income and Wealth.Portfolio choice, marriage, divorce, labor force participation
Effects of long-term soluble vs. insoluble dietary fiber intake on high-fat diet-induced obesity in C57BL/6J mice
No full textAlthough most of the proposed beneficial effects of fiber consumption have been attributed to viscous and gel-forming properties of soluble fiber, it is mainly insoluble cereal fiber and whole grains that are strongly associated with reduced diabetes risk in prospective cohort studies, indicating that other unknown mechanisms are likely to be involved.
We performed a long-term study investigating potential protective effects of adding soluble guar fiber (10% w/w) vs. insoluble cereal fiber (10% w/w) to an isoenergetic and macronutrient matched high-fat diet in obesity-prone C57BL/6J mice. After 45 weeks, mice fed soluble vs. insoluble fiber showed both significantly increased body weight (41.8±3.0 vs. 33.6±1.5 g, P=.03) and elevated markers of insulin resistance. In mice fed soluble fiber, energy loss via the feces was significantly lower and colonic fermentation with production of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) was markedly increased. Gene expression analysis in white adipose tissue showed significantly increased levels of the fatty acid target G-protein coupled receptor-40 in soluble fiber-fed mice. Liver gene expression in the insoluble fiber group showed a pattern consistent with increased fatty acid oxidation. The present results show that soluble vs insoluble dietary fiber added to a high-fat, Western-style diet differently affected body weight and estimates of insulin sensitivity in obesity-prone mice. Soluble fiber intake with increased SCFA production significantly contributed to digested energy, thereby potentially outweighing the well known short-term beneficial effects of soluble fiber consumption
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