1,722,379 research outputs found
H. J. Abraham, The judicial process, 5e éd
No full textH. J. Abraham, The judicial process, 5e éd. In: Revue internationale de droit comparé. Vol. 39 N°4, Octobre-décembre 1987. p. 987
H. J. Abraham, The judicial process, 5e éd
No full textH. J. Abraham, The judicial process, 5e éd. In: Revue internationale de droit comparé. Vol. 39 N°4, Octobre-décembre 1987. p. 987
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Challenges in Modeling the Liquid Phase in Direct-Injection Diesel Engines
No full textThe fuel spray in direct-injection Diesel engines has a structure that includes an intact liquid core which
sheds drops from it. The drops then vaporize in the hot ambient and subsequently the vapor penetrates. In current
models for such sprays, the intact liquid core is not well represented. Typically, drop dynamics that include
collisions and coalescence and secondary breakup, and heat and mass transfer are modeled within the framework of
a Lagrangian representation of the liquid phase and an Eulerian representation of the gas phase. Recently, serious
limitations related to the numerical treatment of the drop dynamics which, in turn, affect the computed liquid
penetration and vaporization rates have been found. In this work, these limitations will be discussed. Results of
computed and measured liquid penetrations will be presented for a wide range of Diesel conditions. It has also been
shown that, under conditions where the liquid penetration is short relative to the penetration of the overall jet and the
mass of fuel in the chamber that is in liquid phase is small relative to the total mass of fuel present, the liquid phase
may be represented by a Virtual Liquid Source (VLS) model. The model will be described and results presented
showing comparisons between computed and measured results
Application of the Discrete Ordinates Method to Compute Radiant Heat Loss in a Diesel Engine
No full textA three-dimensional model for computing flows, sprays, and combustion in internal combustion engines is modified to include radiant heat loss. Radiant heat loss is computed by solving the radiative transport equation using a discrete ordinates approximation method. Such a method solves the radiative transport equation for a set of discrete directions spanning the range of 4 π solid angle. Angular integrals of intensity are discretized by numerical quadrature. The resulting discrete ordinates equations are numerically solved by using a finite volume approach in contravariant formulation. Computations are made with and without radiant heat loss in a diesel engine, and the effects of the radiant heat loss on the computed temperature and NO and soot concentrations are discussed. Inclusion of radiant heat loss reduces the peak temperature by about 10%. As a result, the predicted frozen NO concentrations are found to be lowered. However, the soot concentrations are not significantly altered
Exploring Velocity and Density Ratio Effects in a Mixing Layer Using DNS
No full textIn this paper, a sixth-order spatially accurate and fourth-order temporally accurate finite-difference scheme is employed to study a spatially developing mixing layer. We examine the spatial growth rate of the boundary layer, its dependence on density and velocity ratios and compare our results with experimental trends reported in the literature. We show that as surmised by other workers and also experimentally found, that rate of growth of the mixing layer is proportional to the ratio of the difference of the velocities in the two streams normalized by the sum of the velocities in the two streams
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