945 research outputs found
T.T. Cloete as literary critic, theorist and literary historian (Part 2): T.T. Cloete as theorist of literary history
No full textIt had already been stated that Siegfried Schmidt (in Hjort 1992) discerned four ‘roles’ within the Literary System, that of literary production, dissemination, reception and literary processing. According to this definition, T.T. Cloete, the well-known author and critic, had played all of these roles. In this second part of a two-part article the focus is on Cloete as a literary historian and in particular on his theoretical (methodological) perceptions pertaining to literary history. It is abundantly clear that in all of his different roles a historical awareness was always present. For Cloete the literary work of art was inbedded in a historical timeframe which imposed hermeneutical imperatives on the critic; on the other hand the literary work of art is present in the here and now and accessible to any skilled reader. One of the objectives of this study is to argue that there was thus an implied dichotomy in Cloete’s thinking on literary history. On the one hand there had been a relativistic view that positioned literary texts in the past, and on the other hand a normative view that implied that certain texts (due to inherent qualities like integration and complexity) could gain a certain permanence. In the last part of this article-true to the narrative approach, an implied confrontation with Cloete’s (methodological) views of literary history lead to a personal standpoint as a confrontation with the self (cf. Sools 2009:27). This explication of a personal view on the writing of a literary history (as an implied homage to Cloete) concluded the article
Response to "No influence of ABCB1 haplotypes on methadone dosage requirement"
No full text© 2008 American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and TherapeuticsJK Coller, DT Barratt and AA Somogy
A multidisciplinary approach to understand the control of flavonol synthesis in grape berry
No full textFlavonols are flavonoids found in most higher plants, usually in glycosidic forms. They are products of the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway, which also give rise to anthocyanins and to condensed tannins in grapes. In grapevine, they are predominantly synthesized in inflorescence and berry skin, while no detectable levels are found in pulp or seeds (Downey et al., 2003). They act as UV-protectants and as anthocyanin co-pigments in flowers and fruits. For this reason they play a role in defence and pollinators attraction and in conferring stability to the colour of red wines.
Although the general flavonol pathway has been genetically and biochemically elucidated in many plant species and most recently also in grapevine (Matus et al., 2009), (Czemmel et al., 2009), its regulation still remains not completely characterized.
A population from the cross Syrah x Pinot Noir, segregating for the flavonol content, is being studied to identify the genetic determinants of flavonol accumulation in the berry cells by a biochemical and transcriptional characterization. Individuals of the progeny showing high- and low- flavonol content were selected and characterized at different stages of berry development by a microarray approach. Among the differentially expressed identified genes, we focused our attention on a transcription factor not yet characterized in grapevine. To prove its involvement in the control of flavonoid pathway we identified its targets by a promoter assay approach and we analyzed the phenotype of transgenic tobacco lines overexpressing this gene. Preliminary results will be presented.
References
Downey et al. .2003. Synthesis of flavonols and expression of flavonol synthase genes in the developing grape berries of Shiraz and Chardonnay (Vitis vinifera L.). Aust J Grape and Wine Res, 9: 110-121
Matus et al. (2009). Post-veraison sunlight exposure induces MYB-mediated transcriptional regulation of anthocyanin and flavonol synthesis in berry skins of Vitis vinifera. J Exp Bot;60(3):853-67
Czemmel et al. (2009). The grapevine R2R3-MYB transcription factor VvMYBF1 regulates flavonol synthesis in developing grape berries. Plant Physiol, 151:1513-30
TLR4-dependent claudin-1 internalization and secretagogue-mediated chloride secretion regulate irinotecan-induced diarrhea
No full textPublished OnlineFirst August 22, 2016Abstract not availableHannah R.Wardill, Joanne M. Bowen, Ysabella Z.A. Van Sebille, Kate R. Secombe, Janet K. Coller, Imogen A. Ball, Richard M. Logan, and Rachel J Gibso
Contextualiser pour didactiser : le copier-coller dans le champ des littératies universitaires
No full textInternational audienceThe practice of copy and paste among students is equated with plagiarism and the institutional response is devoted to “discipline and punish”. However this practice is an important issue within the framework of academic literacies, in relation to the necessary consideration of the digital literacy. The fact that it is conceived as a "misconduct" from an ethical point of view is to be understood with regard to a normative frame that calls for academic honesty and establishes the author and the sources as essential components of research writings, without much explaining the issues (why? how? etc.). How to think copy and paste and what to do? How to go from the state of unacceptable to a didactic view, and what to take into account? With the prospect of critical reflexivity in the field of academic literacies, we propose some elements of contextualization which make it possible to problematize copy and paste, as a gesture of writing, as an object of debates, and in order to better prepare students with academics expectations and in terms of literacy skills in general. We develop first the way copy and paste is received, then the fact of writing by copy and paste, and finally the tension and confusions around expectations related to students' writings. Context is understood here as an interpretative framework that serves a didactic approach as such.La pratique du copier-coller chez les étudiant.e.s est assimilée à du plagiat et la réponse apportée par l’institution se résume à « surveiller et punir ». Cette pratique mérite cependant d’être interrogée dans le cadre des littératies universitaires par rapport à la nécessaire prise en compte des littératies numériques. Le fait qu’elle soit conçue comme une « méconduite » d’un point de vue déontologique est à comprendre par rapport à un cadre normatif qui en appelle à l’honnêteté académique et institue l’auteur et les sources comme des composantes essentielles des écrits de savoirs, sans guère en expliciter les enjeux. Comment penser le copier-coller et qu’en faire ? En quoi peut-on passer de l’inacceptable au didactisable, et que prendre en compte ? Dans la perspective d’une réflexivité critique dans le champ des littératies universitaires, nous proposons des éléments de contextualisation qui permettent de problématiser le copier-coller, en tant que geste d’écriture, en tant qu’objet de débats, et de manière à mieux outiller les étudiant.e.s face aux attentes universitaires et en termes de compétences littéraciques en général. Nous nous intéressons à la réception du copier-coller, à l’énonciation par copier-coller et aux confusions qui entourent les attentes à l’égard des écrits des étudiant.e.s. Le contexte est compris comme un cadre interprétatif qui sert à construire un objet didactique en tant que tel
Irinotecan-induced gastrointestinal dysfunction and pain are mediated by common TLR4-dependent mechanisms
No full textPublished Online First March 29, 2016Abstract not availableHannah R. Wardill, Rachel J. Gibson, Ysabella Z.A. Van Sebille, Kate R. Secombe, Janet K. Coller, Imogen A. White, Jim Manavis, Mark R. Hutchinson, Vasiliki Staikopoulos, Richard M. Logan, and Joanne M. Bowe
A putative founder effect for Parkinson’s disease in South African Afrikaners
No full textCITATION: Carr, J. & Van Coller, R. 2014. A putative founder effect for Parkinson’s disease in South African Afrikaners. South African Medical Journal, 104(6):411-412, doi:10.7196/SAMJ.8390.The original publication is available at http://samj.org.zaThere is evidence for a founder effect for Parkinson’s disease in South African Afrikaners. This finding is of importance for two reasons. Firstly, given that established genetic causes of PD have not been identified in the Afrikaner population, it appears likely that this population carries unique mutations that remain to be identified by genome-wide screening. Secondly, in the event that effective treatments are developed, particularly for presymptomatic patients, the Afrikaner population may be considered to be at risk and requiring careful assessment with accurate biomarkers.http://samj.org.za/index.php/samj/article/view/8390Publisher's versio
Pharmacogenetics of opioid response
No full textFor opioids requiring CYP2D6 O-demethylation to active metabolites, poor metabolizers have reduced metabolite formation and minimal pain reduction. Clinically, this has only reliably been shown for tramadol. Ultra-rapid metabolizers have an increased risk of toxicity especially for codeine. ABCB1 genetics show no consistent findings. In Asian populations, the high OPRM1 118A>G frequency associates with higher opioid dosage requirements. Clinical translation of opioid genetics is premature because many important pain and addiction phenotype factors contribute.AA Somogyi, JK Coller and DT Barrat
Forb community responses to an extensive drought in two contrasting land-use types of a semi-arid Lowveld savanna
No full textProjected increases in the frequency and severity of drought events are expected to impose changes in the ecology
of native forb communities in semi-arid ecosystems. We examined the state of forb communities during, and
directly after an extreme drought event across two contrasting land-use types, which included a protected area
(high diversity of free roaming wild herbivores) and communal rangeland (long history of intensive cattle grazing)
in a semi-arid Lowveld savanna of the Gazankulu area, South Africa. Forb floristic data were collected towards the
end of the drought and repeated after the drought release a few months later. Forb community composition was
significantly different among land-use types. Community changes were not induced by annual forb emergence
alone, but through species-specific dominance shifts, which differed among land-use types. Forb richness,
diversity and biomass were equally low at both land-use types and increased significantly after the drought release,
although the magnitude of response was much stronger in the protected area, whereas drought contributed to a
directional change in the protected area with a complete post-drought turnover in both annual and perennial forb
species, much less variability was observed in the communal rangeland, which may suggest long-term effects
imposed by land-use histor
Alcohol-induced sedation and synergistic interactions between alcohol and morphine: a key mechanistic role for Toll-like receptors and MyD88-dependent signaling
No full textAbstract not availableFrances Corrigan, Yue Wu, Jonathan Tuke, Janet K. Coller, Kenner C. Rice, Kerrilyn R. Diener, John D. Hayball, Linda R. Watkins, Andrew A. Somogyi, Mark R. Hutchinso
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