18 research outputs found
5-Phenyluridine trihydrate
No full textThe title compound (systematic name: 2,4-dihydroxy-5phenyl-1-beta-D-ribofuranosylpyrimidine trihydrate), crystallized as the trihydrate, C15H16N2O6 center dot 3H(2)O, stabilized by hydrogen bonds to the uracil O atoms. Two statistically disordered water solvent molecules occupy channels along the a axis; the site occupancy factors are ca 0.6 and 0.4. The heterocyclic base is almost planar and is oriented anti with respect to the puckered sugar moiety. The sugar ring adopts a conformation intermediate between twist and envelope
State resilience in post-Arab Spring setting
No full textDie Anfangsphase dieser Forschungsarbeit führte darauf hin, dass die einzigen Staaten, die relativ in der Lage wären, die Sicherheit und Stabilität in der Region Mittlerer Osten und Nordafrika bewahren zu können, Tunesien und Marokko seien. Jedoch blieb keiner der beiden von den jüngsten Veränderungen unbeeinflusst. Das Hauptziel dieser Arbeit ist es, herauszufinden und zu beschreiben wie stabil der tunesische Staat ist: entgegen hauptsächlich interne, aber zu einem bestimmten Grade auch externe destabilisierenden Faktoren. Die Forschungsbasis für diese Arbeit ist das Konzept der Politischen Settlements.
Zuerst werden die für die Politischen Settlements am meisten relevanten Akteure und Interessensgruppen der Gesellschaft bestimmt, dann wird individuell auf ihre Interessen eingegangen. Dazu gehören sowohl formale Institutionen, staatliche Einrichtungen und ihre besonderen Einheiten, als auch omnigesellschaftliche Organisationen, das Interesse der Privatwirtschaft, elitäre Gruppen, die die Stabilität des Politischen Settlements gefährden usw. Als Ausgangspunkt für die Analyse dient Parks und Coles Charakterisierung von Politischen Settlements, die auf vier Elementen basiert: Akteure, Macht, Interessen, Institutionen. Da der Konflikt und die daraus folgenden Veränderungen in der Region Nordafrika fortlaufend sind, sind Primärressourcen karg oder gänzlich nicht verfügbar. Nichtsdestotrotz befasst sich der Autor mit Thinktank-Analysen, Indexen und nationalen, regionalen und ausländischen Medienperspektiven um die Grundzüge der Politischen Settlements festzulegen.
Das System des Landes hat einen Punkt erreicht, an dem politische Parteien zwar wesentliche Träger des politischen Willens und der Prozesse sind, aber dabei nicht die einzigen sind. Der innere Einflussbereich hat Seite an Seite sowohl formale als auch informale Eliten entwickelt. Wie man der Forschungsarbeit entnehmen kann, zeigen die meisten Indikatoren schwerwiegende Bedenken gegenüber der Stabilität des Settlements auf. Diejenigen Indikatoren, die positive Aussichten aufzeigen, sind eher institutionellen Charakters und bleiben leider oft nur in Debatten und auf dem Papier bestehen.As it seemed in the initial stage of this research, the only countries, relatively capable of being the security and stability “guardians” of the Middle East and North African region could be Tunisia and Morocco. Yet, neither of them remained unaffected by the recent changes. The main goal of this work is to identify and describe the degree of resilience of Tunisian state: against mainly internal but to some degree also external destabilizing factors.
This thesis will research the topic based on the concept of political settlements. It will identify the core political settlement relevant actors and factions of society, then separately look at their interests. These encompass both formal institutions, state agencies and their special engagements, as well as omni-societal organizations, private sector interests, elite groups threatening the stability of the political settlement and so on. Parks and Cole, who represent a starting point for the analysis, characterize political settlements based on four elements: actors, power, interests, and institutions. The conflict and connected changes in the North African region are ongoing, primary sources might be therefore scarce or fairly unavailable. Nevertheless, the author will look into think-tanks’ analyses, indexes, and national, regional and foreign media perspectives to map the political settlements' outlines.
The country’s system reached a point where political parties are a major, although not the only, carrier of political will and process. The inner circle of influence has developed hand in hand with of both formal and informal elites, rather than exclusively amongst one of these. As one can see from the research, majority of the indicators show severe concerns over the resilience of the settlement. Those that show positive outlooks are rather of an institutional than informal character and, unfortunately, often remain only on paper
Transcriptional patterns of ATP-synthase subunits in rat liver and muscle tissues during development
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Author's personal copy The problems of proteinuria measurement in urine with presence of Bence Jones protein
No full texta b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f o Design and methods: The laboratories received a reference urine sample obtained from a patient with multiple myeloma and lambda free light chain proteinuria and were asked to type the paraprotein using immunofixation and to measure total urinary protein using their established method, most commonly turbidimetry, pyrogallol red assay, and biuret assay. Results: There was a very wide inter-laboratory variability in the protein concentration readouts with up to three-fold difference in some cases. High-resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis and linear mass spectrometry showed that a high proportion of the urinary paraprotein was composed of lambda light chain fragments with molecular weight of 12 kDa. Conclusions: Our results highlight the challenges of reliable and reproducible measurement of urinary protein concentration in the presence of Bence Jones protein
Prognosis, disease progression, and treatment of atrial fibrillation patients during 1 year: Follow-up of the Euro Heart Survey on Atrial Fibrillation
No full textAims: To gain insight in the prognosis and treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF) patients during 1-year follow-up in the Euro Heart Survey (EHS) on AF. Methods and results: The EHS enrolled 5333 AF patients in 2003-2004. One-year follow-up data were available for 80%. Of first detected AF patients, 46% did not have a recurrence during 1 year, paroxysmal AF largely remained paroxysmal AF (80%), and 30% of persistent AF progressed to permanent AF. Many treatment changes occurred since baseline. Oral anticoagulation was started in 19% and discontinued in 16% of all patients. Of patients initially on rhythm control 27% did not receive rhythm control during follow-up, whereas 15% of patients initially on rate control received rhythm control. Mortality was highest in permanent AF (8.2%), but also substantial in first detected AF (5.7%). In multivariable analysis, sinus rhythm at baseline was associated with lower mortality, but no significant effect was observed regarding the application of either rhythm or rate control. Conclusion: The EHS on AF provides unique prospective observational data on AF progression, long-term treatment, prognosis, and determinants of adverse outcome of the total clinical spectrum of AF in a European cardiology-based patient cohort. © The Author 2008
Diabetes known or newly detected, but not impaired glucose regulation, has a negative influence on 1-year outcome in patients with coronary artery disease: A report from the Euro Heart Survey on diabetes and the heart
No full textAims: Although diabetes is known to be a major contributor to cardiovascular diseases, as well as an independent predictor for adverse outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), information on the prognosis of patients with CAD and newly diagnosed diabetes or impaired glucose regulation (IGR) is scarce. The objective of this study was to explore 1-year outcome in relation to different glucometabolic states of patients participating in the Euro Heart Survey on diabetes and the heart. Methods and results: In 4676 out of 4961 patients, information on the relation between 1-year outcome and glucometabolic state, which was based on oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) or fasting glucose plasma, was available. A normal glucose metabolism was identified in 947 patients, IGR (impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance) in 1116 patients, and diabetes in 1877 patients of whom 1425 were previously diagnosed and 452 newly diagnosed. In total, 736 patients could not be classified, as no OGTT or fasting plasma glucose was performed. Previously recognized and newly detected diabetes was associated with an increased risk of 1-year mortality when compared with patients with normal glucose regulation [hazard ratio (HR) 2.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.5-3.8 and HR 2.0, 95% CI 1.1-3.6, respectively)]. IGR, however, could not be identified as an independent predictor for 1-year mortality (HR 1.1, 95% CI 0.6-1.9). Conclusion: This study confirmed that patients with CAD and known diabetes are at high risk for mortality and cardiovascular events and demonstrated that patients with newly diagnosed diabetes are at intermediate risk for adverse outcomes. IGR, however, could not be identified as an independent predictor for adverse outcomes during the 1-year follow-up period. © The European Society of Cardiology 2006. All rights reserved
Antithrombotic treatment in real-life atrial fibrillation patients: a report from the Euro Heart Survey on Atrial Fibrillation
No full textAims To describe guideline adherence and application of different stroke risk strati. cation schemes regarding antithrombotic therapy in real-life atrial. brillation (AF) patients and to assess which factors influence antithrombotic management decisions.Methods and results The Euro Heart Survey enrolled 5333 AF patients in 35 countries, in 2003 and 2004. Prescription of antithrombotic drugs, especially oral anticoagulation (OAC), was hardly tailored to the patient's stroke risk pro. le as indicated by the joint guidelines of the American College of Cardiology, American Heart Association, and the European Society of Cardiology, ACCP guidelines, or CHADS(2) and Framingham risk scores. In multivariable analysis, only a limited number of the well-known stroke risk factors triggered OAC prescription. In contrast, less relevant factors, of which clinical type of AF and availability of an OAC monitoring outpatient clinic were the most marked, played a significant role in OAC prescription. Electrical cardioversions and catheter ablations clearly triggered OAC prescription, whereas pharmacological cardioversions even in the presence of stroke risk factors did not.Conclusion Antithrombotic therapy in AF is hardly tailored to the patient's stroke risk pro. le. Factors other than well-known stroke risk factors were significantly involved in antithrombotic management decisions. To facilitate this tailored treatment, guideline writers and physician educators should focus on providing one uniform and easy to use stroke risk strati. cation scheme
