421 research outputs found
Studies of novel nitro-substituted nitrogen heterocyclic compounds
No full textThis thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and awarded by Brunel University.The novel candidate high energy insensitive explosive; 2,5-diamino-3,6-dinitropyrazine (ANPZ-i) has been prepared in acceptable overall yield. ANPZ-i was synthesised by the nitration of 2,5-diethoxypyrazine using nitronium tetrafluoroborate (NO2+BF4-) in sulfolane and the subsequent amination of 2,5-diethoxy-3,6-dinitropyrazine, under autoclave conditions. Oxidation studies towards the dioxide derivative of ANPZ-i, 2,5-diamino-3,6-dinitropyrazine-1,4-dioxide (PZDO), were unsuccessful. The synthesis of existing high explosives; 2,6-diamino-3,5-dintropyrazine (ANPZ) and 2,6-diamino-3,5-dinitropyrazine-1-oxide (PZO) has been scaled up to produce approximately 25 g batches of material. A number of novel nitrations using NO2+BF4- have been carried out on a range of chloro-, methyl- and hydroxy-functionalised quinoxalines and quinazolines. A range of novel functionalisations have also been carried out on the platform molecule; 2,4-diamino-6,8-dinitroquinazoline giving rise to 2,4-diamino-6,8-dinitroquinazoline-1,3-dioxide (di-N-oxidation product), 2,4,7-triamino-6,8-dinitroquinazoline (monoamination product) and 2,4,6,8-tetra-aminoquinazoline (dihydrogenation product).
Detonics molecular modelling was carried out on the following target molecules: 2,5-diamino-3,6-dinitropyrazine-1,4-dioxide (PZDO), 2,5,8-triamino-3,6,7-trinitroquinoxaline-1-oxide and 2,5,7-triamino-4,6,8-trinitroquinazoline-1-oxide. The detonation velocity of the new explosive molecule; 2,5-diamino-3,6-dinitropyrazine (ANPZ-i) was calculated and it was found to be a similar value to that obtained experimentally for the existing high explosive RDX. Calculation by molecular modelling of the steric energies of ANPZ, PZO, ANPZ-i and PZDO gave a quantitative assessment of the difficulty in oxidising ANPZ-i to give PZDO. Extensive analysis of carbon-13 NMR spectroscopy shift values was carried out for approximately twenty nitrogen heterocyclic compounds. Comparison of shift values indicated consistency in the interpretations.
On-line literature searches have shown that the following compounds prepared in this project are new: 2,3,6-trichloro-5-nitroquinoxaline, 2,3-dimethoxy-6,7-dinitroquinoxaline, 2,3,6-trichloroquinoxaline-1-oxide, 2,4-diamino-6,8-dinitroquinazoline-1,3-dioxide, 2,4,7-triamino-6,8-dinitroquinazoline and 2,5-diamino-3,6-dinitropyrazine (ANPZ-i). Furthermore, new synthetic routes have been used in the preparation of the following compounds: 2,3-dichloro-5-nitroquinoxaline, 2,3,6,7-tetrachloro-5-nitroquinoxaline, 2-hydroxy-6-nitroquinoxaline, 2-hydroxy-3-methyl-6-nitroquinoxaline and 2,5-diethoxy-3,6-dinitropyrazine
Letter Concerning H.R. 3300
No full textLetter: To Stewart Udall, from Philip J. Philbin, May 20, 196
Mary Philbin, silent film actress
No full textMary Philbin, silent film actressTo order a reproduction, inquire about permissions, or for information about prices see:
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Please cite the Order NumberScanned at 600ppi with an Epson 20000 flatbed scanner. Image then rotated, cropped, level-adjusted, and sharpened using Photoshop CS3. Converted to a JPEG2000 image upon ingest into CONTENTdm
The Role of the Lawyer in the War on Terrorism
No full textAppearing: Kathryn W. Bradley (Duke Law), chair ; Major General Jack L. Rives, USAF (Judge Advocate General, USAF), John Radsan (William Mitchell College of Law), David J. Luban (Georgetown University Law Center) and Patrick F. Philbin (Partner, Kirkland & Ellis), panelists
TeenTech: getting young people engaged with information literacy
No full textRebecca Jones, Maggie Philbin and Jane Secker talk about TeenTech’s Research and Information Literacy Award, sponsored by ILG, which aims to show how information literacy underpins the acquisition of digital skills
Alternative Dispute Resolution: Litigating Arbitration Slows as Mediation Becomes More Popular
No full textIn Alternative Dispute Resolution: Litigating Arbitration Slows as Mediation Becomes More Popular, Donald R. Philbin Jr., Audrey L. Maness, and Philip J. Loree Jr. examine the shifting landscape of dispute resolution in Texas and beyond. The authors highlight a growing trend away from arbitration, due in part to increasing litigation over arbitration agreements and perceived inefficiencies. In contrast, mediation is gaining favor as a more flexible, cost-effective, and collaborative method for resolving disputes. The article analyzes recent legal developments, case law, and practical considerations influencing parties’ choices between ADR methods. Ultimately, the authors advocate for continued innovation and refinement in ADR practices to meet the evolving needs of litigants
Casimir effect from macroscopic quantum electrodynamics
No full textCopyright © 2011 IOP PublishingThis is the author accepted manuscript.The canonical quantization of macroscopic electromagnetism was recently presented in New J. Phys. 12 (2010) 123008. This theory is here used to derive the Casimir effect, by considering the special case of thermal and zero-point fields. The stress-energy-momentum tensor of the canonical theory follows from Noether's theorem, and its electromagnetic part in thermal equilibrium gives the Casimir energy density and stress tensor. The results hold for arbitrary inhomogeneous magnetodielectrics and are obtained from a rigorous quantization of electromagnetism in dispersive, dissipative media. Continuing doubts about the status of the standard Lifshitz theory as a proper quantum treatment of Casimir forces do not apply to the derivation given here. Moreover, the correct expressions for the Casimir energy density and stress tensor inside media follow automatically from the simple restriction to thermal equilibrium, without the need for complicated thermodynamical or mechanical arguments
Tradition and Innovation in Construction Project Management
No full textThis book is a reprint of the Special Issue 'Tradition and Innovation in Construction Project Management' that was published in the journal Buildings
Identity commitment in the context of psychosis: a grounded theory study
No full textIn the context of psychosis, persons encounter problems in self-experience and in the ‘social predicament’ posed by psychiatric diagnosis and unwanted identities. This means they are concerned with self-viability: with how to ‘get
along with themselves’. The aim of this study was to develop a grounded theory of how persons deal with this concern of self-viability. Using the ‘classical version’ of grounded theory methodology, data were collected through interviews with eighteen persons with experience of psychosis and psychiatric treatment as well as through examination of eleven autobiographies authored by persons who also had first-hand experience of psychosis. Data were collected and analysed according to established grounded theory research procedures of open and selective coding, memo-writing, and theoretical sampling.
The essential theoretical discovery associated with this study is that identity commitment is fundamental to how persons deal with their concern for selfviability in the context of psychosis. This refers to a pattern of self-relation in which persons commit to and are committed by their self-conceptions. There are three modes of identity commitment. The first is keeping true (to) selfconceptions in which persons keep true to, and reproduce truths of, themselves. The second is struggling through with Me’s where persons endeavour to sustain or retrieve identities that are threatened or lost. And the third mode of identity commitment is engaging to identities that incorporates finding things in common with new identities and implication in binding self-attachments.
These patterns of truth-keeping, struggle and engagement can inform distinctive understandings of a range of issues in the context of psychosis. Resistance to psychiatric identification, entrapment by unwanted identities, ‘downward’ and ‘upward’ acceptance are particular examples of issues that identity commitment can elucidate. Furthermore, this concept merits further inquiry in the
substantive area of psychosis as well as wider fields
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