3,617 research outputs found
Estimating the asbestos-related lung cancer burden from mesothelioma mortality.
No full textBACKGROUND: Quantifying the asbestos-related lung cancer burden is difficult in the presence of this disease's multiple causes. We explore two methods to estimate this burden using mesothelioma deaths as a proxy for asbestos exposure. METHODS: From the follow-up of 55 asbestos cohorts, we estimated ratios of (i) absolute number of asbestos-related lung cancers to mesothelioma deaths; (ii) excess lung cancer relative risk (%) to mesothelioma mortality per 1000 non-asbestos-related deaths. RESULTS: Ratios varied by asbestos type; there were a mean 0.7 (95% confidence interval 0.5, 1.0) asbestos-related lung cancers per mesothelioma death in crocidolite cohorts (n=6 estimates), 6.1 (3.6, 10.5) in chrysotile (n=16), 4.0 (2.8, 5.9) in amosite (n=4) and 1.9 (1.4, 2.6) in mixed asbestos fibre cohorts (n=31). In a population with 2 mesothelioma deaths per 1000 deaths at ages 40-84 years (e.g., US men), the estimated lung cancer population attributable fraction due to mixed asbestos was estimated to be 4.0%. CONCLUSION: All types of asbestos fibres kill at least twice as many people through lung cancer than through mesothelioma, except for crocidolite. For chrysotile, widely consumed today, asbestos-related lung cancers cannot be robustly estimated from few mesothelioma deaths and the latter cannot be used to infer no excess risk of lung or other cancers
The expected burden of mesothelioma mortality in Great Britain from 2002 to 2050
No full textThe British mesothelioma register contains all deaths from 1968 to 2001 where mesothelioma was mentioned on the death certificate. These data were used to predict the future burden of mesothelioma mortality in Great Britain. Poisson regression analysis was used to model male mesothelioma deaths from 1968 to 2001 as a function of the rise and fall of asbestos exposure during the 20th century, and hence to predict numbers of male deaths in the years 2002-2050. The annual number of mesothelioma deaths in Great Britain has risen increasingly rapidly from 153 deaths in 1968 to 1848 in 2001 and, using our preferred model, is predicted to peak at around 1950 to 2450 deaths per year between 2011 and 2015. Following this peak, the number of deaths is expected to decline rapidly. The eventual death rate will depend on the background level and any residual asbestos exposure. Between 1968 and 2050, there will have been approximately 90,000 deaths from mesothelioma in Great Britain, 65,000 of which will occur after 2001
Risk factors for adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix in women aged 20-44 years: the UK National Case-Control Study of Cervical Cancer.
No full textWe report results on risk factors for invasive squamous cell and adenocarcinomas of the cervix in women aged 20-44 years from the UK National Case-Control Study of Cervical Cancer, including 180 women with adenocarcinoma, 391 women with squamous cell carcinoma and 923 population controls. The risk of both squamous cell and adenocarcinoma was strongly related to the lifetime number of sexual partners, and, independently, to age at first intercourse. The risk of both types of cervical cancer increased with increasing duration of use of oral contraceptives, and this effect was most marked in current and recent users of oral contraceptives. The risk of squamous cell carcinoma was associated with high parity and the risk of both squamous cell and adenocarcinoma increased with early age at first birth. Long duration smoking (20 or more years) was associated with a two-fold increase in the risk of squamous cell carcinoma, but smoking was not associated with the risk of adenocarcinoma. Further studies are needed to confirm the suggestion from this and other studies of differences in risk related to smoking between squamous cell and adenocarcinomas of the cervix
The Travelling Psychoanalyst: Andrew Peto and Transnational Explorations of Psychoanalysis in Budapest, Sydney and New York
No full textWhen the Hungarian born psychoanalyst, Andrew Peto, rose in August 1951 to address a small audience who had assembled in a room at British Medical Association House in Macquarie Street, Sydney, it is true to say that a historic moment had arrived. Peto’s inaugural paper on the prevention of juvenile delinquency, to the newly constituted Sydney Institute of Psychoanalysis, christened the birth of a new institution. The institute was barely two-months old, having been formed by Peto, the leading Sydney psychoanalyst Roy Winn and Siegfried Fink. Fink, like Peto, was a European immigrant who had arrived in 1938 from Germany; he worked in the health services to have his medical qualifications recognised, and then became a practicing analyst in Sydney.
Trinaest pisama. Peto pismo
No full textKnjiževni deo "Jevrejskog almanaha" u kome je objavljena priča Aleksandra Ajzinberga "Trinaest pisama. Peto pismo", odnosi se na literarne radove sa jevrejskom tematikom iz oblasti istorije, književnosti, umetnosti, memoarske građe i Holokausta. Neki od radova iz ove rubrike objavljuju se po prvi put, neki su objavljeni i na drugim mestima a neki su delovi većih celina (zbirki, romana, memoarske građe, dnevnika i sl.).The literary section of the "Jewish Almanac" where is published story "Trinaest pisama. Peto pismo" by Aleksandar Ajzinberg, refers to literary works on Jewish topics in the fields of history, literature, art, memoirs, and Holocaust. Some of the works in this section are published for the first time, some have been published elsewhere and, some are parts of larger entities (collections, novels, memoirs, diaries, letters, etc.)."Peto pismo" je deo knjige "Pisma Matveju". Prvo izdanje ove knjige objavila je 2006. godine izdavačka kuća "Prosveta", Beograd, a drugo dopunjeno elektronsko izdanje objavio je autor. (The first edition of the book "Letters to Matvej" was published in 2006 by the publishing house "Prosveta", Belgrade, and the second extended electronic edition was published by the author)
Harold A Peto (1854-1933): architect, interior designer, collector and aesthete
No full textThis chapter discusses the architectural work of Harold Ainsworth Peto (1854-1933), perhaps better known as a garden designer of the Edwardian School in the early 1900s. Peto was for sixteen years in partnership with the domestic architect, Sir Ernest George before retiring to work abroad
Bladder cancer mortality of workers exposed to aromatic amines: analysis of models of carcinogenesis
No full textThe effects of various factors were evaluated on both relative risk (multiplicative model), and absolute excess risk (additive model) of bladder cancer among 664 workers of a dyestuff factory in Northern Italy. These workers were exposed to aromatic amines in fairly constant working conditions from 1922 to 1970, and were employed for at least one year. They were followed up till the end of 1981 for a total of 12,302 man-years at risk. Under both models, the risk was greater for workers directly involved in aromatic amine manufacture than for those with only intermittent exposure. There was no marked effect of age at first exposure on the absolute excess risk of bladder cancer, but the relative risk was strongly and negatively related to age at first exposure. Under the multistage theory of carcinogenesis, this pattern of risk indicates an early stage effect. Absolute excess risk increased sharply during exposure, and continued to rise, although less sharply, after exposure had ceased. Relative risk, however, decreased after cessation of exposure, indicating a possible late stage effect. Thus, the results derived from both additive and multiplicative models are not in contrast when interpreted in terms of the multistage theory of carcinogenesis, though they are not totally consistent with a single-stage effect, either early or late. Aromatic amines may act on a stage somewhere between the first and penultimate, or on more than one stage of the process of carcinogenesis. Alternatively, it is possible that imprecision in the job classification or other observational problems may obscure the trends, or produce fictitious trends in the effects of variables such as age at first exposure and time since last exposure. Finally, such a pattern of trends could emerge if there were only two stages and the first and penultimate stage were the same
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