153 research outputs found
Kliničko i eksperimentalno istraživanje laserski aktiviranog fotoakustičnog strujanja i fotoaktivirane dezinfekcije u endodontskom liječenju, LASERENDO
No full textKliničko i eksperimentalno istraživanje laserski aktiviranog fotoakustičnog strujanja i fotoaktivirane dezinfekcije u endodontskom liječenj
Antimicrobial action of bioceramic materials for filling root canals
No full textCilj: Ciljevi istraživanja bili su usporediti antimikrobnu učinkovitost biokeramičkih materijala za punjenje korijenskih kanala, te ispitati njihovu antibakterijsku učinkovitost na planktonske stanice i mlade biofilmove E. faecalis.
Materijali i metode: U prvom dijelu istraživanja pretražene su tri elektroničke baze podataka: MEDLINE preko OvidSP platforme, Embase preko OvidSP platforme i Web of Science. Istraživanja su uključena neovisno o dizajnu istraživanja, vrsti publikacije i jeziku. Dva autora su zasebno ocijenila kvalitetu izvještavanja.
U drugom dijelu istraživanja bakterijska suspenzija je postavljena na površinu svježe pripremljenih materijala te materijala koji su stvrdnjavali jedan ili tri dana u vertikalno postavljenim mikrotitarskim pločama. Nakon inkubacije 2, 5, 20 i 60 minuta u svaku jažicu mikrotitarske ploče dodan je triptaza soja bujon. Nakon serijskog razrjeđivanja, izbrojane su kolonije.
U trećem dijelu istraživanja bakterijski biofilmovi su uzgojeni na filter papirnatim diskovima postavljenima na ploče s agrom te su, nakon inkubacije, diskovi prekriveni s četiri materijala za punjenje korijenskih kanala. Nakon 60 minuta, materijali za punjenje su uklonjeni i diskovi su prenešeni u epruvete s fosfatom puferiranom fiziološkom otopinom. Nakon serijskog razrjeđivanja, izbrojane su kolonije.
Rezultati: Prvi dio istraživanja obuhvatio je 37 istraživanja koja su ispitivala antimikrobu učinkovitost biokeramičkih materijala za punjenje korijenskih kanala. Nije bilo moguće napraviti usporedbu rezultata istraživanja i dati jasan zaključak i usporedbu djelovanja jer su istraživači koristili različite izvore i starosne skupine mikroorganizama, različita vremena stvrdnjavanja materijala i kontakta između mikroorganizama i materijala i različite antimikrobne testove.
U drugom dijelu istraživanja su biokeramički materijali pokazali značajno bolju učinkovitost u odnosu na kontrolnu skupinu i materijal temeljen na umjetnoj smoli (p 0.05), a slijedi ih MTA Fillapex (Angelus) (p 0.05), ali bolju od materijala koji su stvrdnjavali jedan dan (p< 0.05). Svi materijali su pokazali najbolju učinkovitost nakon 20 minuta kontakta s bakterijama, neovisno jesu bili svježe pripremljeni ili stvrdnjavali jedan ili tri dana.
U trećem dijelu istraživanja nije bilo značajne razlike između TotalFill BC Sealera (Brasseler SAD) i AH Plusa (Dentsply) (p=0.386). Oba materijala su pokazala bolju antibakterijsku učinkovitost od BioRoot RCS-a (Septodont) i MTA Fillapexa (Angelus) (p<0.001).
Zaključak: Budući da su istraživanja uključena u sustavni pregledni rad visoko heterogena, nije moguće donijeti zaključak o tome koji materijal ima najbolje djelovanje niti preporuke za kliničku praksu jer su istraživanja provođena na različite načine, što čini metaanalizu neizvedivom. Potrebno je usuglasiti metodološki pristup, jasno definirati podjelu materijala i provesti istraživanja na ljudima kako bi se moglo donijeti preporuke za kliničku praksu.
U istraživanju učinka biokeramičkih materijala na planktonske stanice E. faecalis, biokeramički materijali su pokazali bolju učinkovitost u usporedbi s konvencionalno korištenim materijalom temeljenim na umjetnoj smoli. Materijali su pokazali najbolju učinkovitost nakon 20 minuta kontakta s bakterijskom suspenzijom, neovisno o tome da li je materijal bio svježe pripremljen ili je stvrdnjavao jedan ili tri dana.
U istraživanju učinka biokeramičkih materijala na mlade biofilmove E. faecalis, TotalFill BC Sealer (Brasseler SAD) i AH Plus (Dentsply) su pokazali bolju kratkoročnu antibakterijsku učinkovitost od BioRoot RCS-a (Septodont) i MTA Fillapexa (Angelus).Aim: The aims of the studies were to compare the antimicrobial efficacy of bioceramic root canal sealers and to examine their antibacterial efficacy on planktonic cells and young biofilms of E. faecalis.
Materials and methods: In the first part of the study, three electronic databases were searched: MEDLINE via OvidSP platform, Embase via OvidSP platform and Web of Science. Studies were included irrespective of research design, type of publication, and language. Reporting quality was assessed by two authors independently. In the second part of the study, the bacterial suspension was placed on the surface of freshly mixed sealers and one or three days set sealer in vertically held microtiter plates. After incubation of 2, 5, 20 and 60 minutes, Tripticase Soy Broth was added to each well of the microtiter plate. After serial dilution, colony forming units were counted. In the third part of the study, bacterial biofilms were grown on filter paper discs placed on agar plates and, after incubation, the discs were covered with four root canal sealers. After 60 minutes, the sealers were removed and the discs were transferred to tubes containing phosphate buffered saline. After serial dilution, colony forming units were counted.
Results: The first part of the study included 37 studies that examined the antimicrobial efficacy of bioceramic sealers. It is not possible to make a comparison of the results from studies and to give a clear conclusion about their comparative activity because the studies used heterogeneous source and age groups of microorganisms, setting and contact times of sealers and antimicrobial tests.
In the second part of the study bioceramic materials showed significantly better efficacy than the control group and resin-based material (p 0.05), followed with MTA Fillapex (Angelus) (p 0.05), but better than sealers set for one day (p <0.05). All sealers exibithed the highest efficacy after 20 minutes of contact, independly sealers were freshly mixed or set for one or three days.
In the third part of the study, there was no significant difference between TotalFill BC Sealer (Brasseler USA) and AH Plus (Dentsply) (p = 0.386). Both sealers showed better antibacterial efficacy than BioRoot RCS (Septodont) and MTA Fillapex (Angelus) (p <0.001).
Conclusion: Since the studies included in the systematic review are highly heterogeneous, it is not possible to give a conclusion about which sealer has the best performance or recommendations for clinical practice because the studies were conducted in different ways, which makes meta-analysis futile. It is necessary to uniform the methodological approach, clearly define the materials classification and conduct studies on humans in order to be able to make recommendations for clinical practice. In a study of efficacy of bioceramic materials on E. faecalis planktonic cells, bioceramic sealers showed better efficacy compared to commercially used resin-based sealer. All sealers exhibited strongest efficacy at 20 minutes of contact time, independly sealer was freshly mixed or one or three day set. In a study of the efficacy of bioceramic sealers on young E. faecalis biofilms, TotalFill BC Sealer (Brasseler USA) and AH Plus (Dentsply) showed better short-term antibacterial efficacy than BioRoot RCS (Septodont) and MTA Fillapex (Angelus)
Bago Maragle percent potassium grid geodeticg
No full textMaintenance and Update Frequency: notPlannedStatement: This Bago Maragle percent potassium grid geodeticg is an airborne-derived radiometric potassium grid for the Bago/Maragle State Forest, NSW, 1996. The survey was acquired under the project No. 659 for the geological survey of NSW. The grid has a cell size of 0.00042 degrees (approximately 42m). A total of 6694 line-kilometres of data at a line spacing of 200m and 60m terrain clearance were acquired to produce this grid. This radiometric potassium grid shows potassium element concentration of the Bago/Maragle State Forest, NSW, 1996 in units of percent (or %). Noise-adjusted singular value decomposition (NASVD) has been applied to the data. NASVD is a spectral component analysis procedure for the removal of noise from gamma-ray spectra. Details of the specifications of individual airborne surveys can be found in the Fourteenth Edition of the Index of Airborne Geophysical Surveys (Percival, 2014). This Index is also available online at http://pid.geoscience.gov.au/dataset/79134.
Reference:
Percival, P.J., 2014. Index of airborne geophysical surveys (Fourteenth Edition).The radiometric, or gamma-ray spectrometric method, measures the natural variations in the gamma-rays detected near the Earth's surface as the result of the natural radioactive decay of potassium (K), uranium (U) and thorium (Th). The data collected are processed via standard methods to ensure the response recorded is that due only to the rocks in the ground. The results produce datasets that can be interpreted to reveal the geological structure of the sub-surface. The processed data is checked for quality by GA geophysicists to ensure that the final data released by GA are fit-for-purpose.<br/>This radiometric potassium grid has a cell size of 0.00042 degrees (approximately 42m) and shows potassium element concentration of the Bago/Maragle State Forest, NSW, 1996 in units of percent (or %). The data used to produce this grid was acquired in 1996 by the NSW Government, and consisted of 6694 line-kilometres of data at 200m line spacing and 60m terrain clearance
Experimental study of laser activated photoacoustic streaming in root canal treatment
No full textSvrha doktorskog rada bila je ispitati učinkovitost nove tehnike Er:YAG laserski aktiviranog fotoakustičnog strujanja (SWEEPS - Shock Wave Enhanced Emission Photoacoustic Streaming) u pojedinim fazama endodontskog liječenja, i usporediti ju s dosadašnjim programom Er:YAG laserski aktiviranog ispiranja (LAI), SSP (Super Short Pulse), ultrazvučnim aktivacijskim ispiranjem (UAI) i konvencionalnim pasivnim ispiranjem iglom i špricom (KI). U prvom dijelu doktorskog rada, analizirana je učinkovitost SWEEPS tehnike u uklanjanju ostataka punila iz zavijenih okruglih korijenskih kanala humanih izvađenih molara
nakon konvencionalnog postupka revizije, a u drugom istraživanju, analizirana je učinkovitost SWEEPS tehnike u reviziji ovalnih korijenskih kanala punjenih biokeramičkim punilom. Dodatno je ispitana učinkovitost SWEEPS tehnike s ravnim i radijalnim laserskim nastavkom. Učinkovitost revizije analizirana je na mikro-CT snimkama napravljenim nakon punjenja kanala, nakon kemo-mehaničke obrade kanala, i nakon završnog protokola ispiranja navedenim tehnikama (SWEEPS, SSP, UAI, KI). Antimikrobna učinkovitost SWEEPS tehnike ispitana je na zrelom biofilmu Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) uzgojenom na dentinskim pločicama te je uspoređena sa SSP, UAI i KI tehnikama ispiranja. Rezultati su dobiveni metodom kulture, a
kvalitativno su prikazani konfokalnom laserskom mikroskopijom (engl. confocal laser microscopy, CFLM) i preglednom elektronskom mikroskopijom (engl. scanning electron microscopy, SEM). Dobiveni rezultati analizirani su statističkim Kolmogorov–Smirnovljevim, Kruskal-Wallisovim, Wilcoxonovim, Mann Whitney U i dvostranim t-testom uz razinu značajnosti od 0.05. Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su da su sve testirane tehnike ispiranja jednako učinkovite u uklanjanju materijala za punjenje tijekom revizije (p 0,05). U ovalnim korijenskim kanalima, sve tehnike bile su jednako učinkovite u uklanjanju ostataka punila nakon kemo-mehaničke obrade kanala (p > 0,05). SWEEPS tehnika pokazala je visoku učinkovitost u eradikaciji E. faecalis biofilma kao i UAI (p < 0,001). KI je bilo najmanje učinkovito (p = 0,553). SWEEPS tehnika pokazala je visoku učinkovitost uklanjanja ostataka punila nakon revizije zavijenih i ovalnih kanala, posebice s radijalnim nastavkom, te u eradikaciji biofilma E. faecalis-a.Aim: The aim of the doctoral thesis was to examine, ex vivo, the effectiveness of a novel laseractivated photoacoustic streaming technique, SWEEPS (Shock Wave Enhanced Emission Photoacoustic Streaming), in root canal retreatment and against bacterial biofilm, and to compare it with Er:YAG laser activated SSP modality (LAI/SSP), ultrasonically activated
irrigation (UAI) and conventional syringe needle irrigation (SNI) techniques. Additionally, the effectiveness of the SWEEPS was evaluated by using two different laser tips: flat and radial.
Material and methods: In the first part of the doctoral thesis, the SWEEPS technique was evaluated in the removal of root canal filling remnants from severely curved root canals after a conventional root canal retreatment. The study sample consisted of 40 severely curved root canals of extracted human upper molars. The canals were instrumented and filled with an epoxy resin-based sealer and gutta-percha using a continuous wave vertical compaction and a warm injection back-filling. Root canal retreatment was performed using ProTaper Universal Retreatment files without solvent; instead, only sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) was used. Following the preparation, all samples were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10) according to the irrigation technique: UAI, LAI/SSP, SWEEPS/flat-tip, and SWEEPS/radialtip, using 6 ml of 3 % NaOCl for an activation time of 90 seconds, divided into 3 cycles of 30 seconds. All tested samples were subjected to three micro-CT scans: after the root canal filling, after the root canal retreatment, and after the final irrigation in order to calculate the volume of the filling material in root canals. In the second part of the study, the retreatment efficacy of the SWEEPS was evaluated in oval root canals filled with a bioceramic based sealer. Total of 42 extracted human mandibular molars with oval distal root canals were included in the study. The samples were prepared up to size 40/0.06 and filled with a bioceramic sealer in combination with a single cone obturation technique. The canals were retreated using Reciproc Blue RB40 files and 3 % sodium hypochlorite solution, without solvent as well. The samples were then randomly divided into three groups (n = 14): SWEEPS/radial tip, UAI, SNI; and final irrigation protocols were performed. Micro-CT scans were performed at every stage of the root canal retreatment as in the first part of the study. Evaluation of the antimicrobial effectiveness of
SWEEPS technique was conducted against mature Enterococcus faecalis (E.faecalis) biofilm grown on dentine discs for 14 days, after which the samples were randomly assigned to the tested groups with control samples in each group: SWEEPS/radial tip, UAI, SNI. Each group consisted of positive control samples, samples for serial dillution and a culture method, and samples for a qualitative analysis using confocal laser microscopy (CFLM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Each sample was irrigated using 3 % NaOCl for 90 seconds divided into 3 cycles of 30 seconds. Residual NaOCl was inactivated by sodium thiosulfate and gently irrigated with sterile saline. The samples were then serially dilluted and the colony forming units’ (CFU) number was counted by using the culture method. The results of the studies were analyzed using statistical tests: Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Wilcoxon test, Mann Whitney U and double sided t-test with the level of significance set at 0.05.
Results: All tested irrigation protocols successfully eliminated root canal filling remnants from curved root canals after conventional root canal retreatment (p 0.05). In oval root canals filled with bioceramic sealer, SWEEPS showed showed similar retreatment efficacy as UAI and SSP (p < 0.05). Regarding antimicrobial efficacy, the SWEEPS and UAI showed as equally effective in eliminating the E.faecalis biofilm (p < 0.001), in contrast to SNI which did not present sufficient effectiveness (p = 0.553).
Conclusion: The results of the doctoral thesis showed that the SWEEPS is highly effective irrigation technique that successfully removed remnants of epoxy-resin and bioceramic sealers from round curved and oval root canals. SWEEPS modality used with a radial laser tip showed slightly better performance than a flat laser tip. LAI/SSP group showed slightly better effectiveness in removing root canal filling material remnants from severely curved root canals than the other tested techniques
Effect of laser activated photoacustic streaming, passive ultrasonic irrigation and Nd:YAG laser on root canal dentin
No full textSvrha doktorskog rada bila je in vitro ispitati utjecaj ultrazvučno aktiviranog ispiranja (UAI) i laserski aktiviranog fotoakustičnog strujanja novim modalitetom Er:YAG lasera (engl. Shock Wave Enhanced Emission Photoacoustic Streaming, SWEEPS) u kombinaciji s različitim endodontskim irigansima, i Nd:YAG lasera pri završnom protokolu ispiranja, na kemijska i strukturna svojstva dentina. U istraživanju su korišteni sljedeći irigansi: 3 % natrij hipoklorit (NaOCl) i 15 % etilendiaminotetraoctena kiselina (EDTA), a kao kontrola destilirana voda. Istraživanje je provedeno na dentinskim uzorcima izvađenih humanih zuba (korijenski kanali i uzdužni presjeci korijenova premolara, i dentinske pločice jednokorijenskih i višekorijenskih zuba) koji su bili raspoređeni u skupine ovisno o vrsti irigansa i tehnici aktivacije irigansa: Kontrola: destilirana voda; Skupina 1. 3 % NaOCl; Skupina 2. 15 % EDTA; Skupina 3. 3 % NaOCl + 15 % EDTA; u Skupini 4 kanali su ispirani s 3 % NaOCl + 15 % EDTA + 3 % NaOCl, ovisno o tehnici aktivacije, uzorci su raspoređeni u četiri podskupine: skupina 4A. Konvencionalno ispiranje sa špricom i iglom; skupina 4B. SWEEPS tehnika ispiranja; skupina 4C. UAI; skupina 4D. Nd:YAG laser. Infracrvenom spektroskopijom s Fourierovom transformacijom u tehnici prigušene totalne refleksije (FTIR-ATR) (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy total attenuated reflectance) analiziran je kemijski sastav dentina korijenskih kanala premolara. Pretražnim elektronskim mikroskopom (SEM) s energijski razlučujućom rendgenskom spektrometrijom (EDS) provedena je analiza kemijskih elemenata i strukture površine dentina na uzdužnim presjecima jednokanalnih zuba. Površinska hrapavost mjerena je Perthometer uređajem, a kontaktni kut
tehnikom „položene kapi“ na dentinskim pločicama molara. Za analizu normalnosti distribucije podataka svih testiranih parametara korišten je Shapiro-Wilk test. Univarijantnom analizom varijance (ANOVA) i Tukeyevim testom analizirani su normalno distribuirani podatci. Za analizu abnormalno distribuiranih podataka korišten je Friedmanov test za unutargrupnu
usporedbu te Kruskal–Wallis test. Nije bilo značajne razlike u omjeru fosfat/amid I između kontrolne i eksperimentalnih skupina FTIR‐ATR (p > 0.05). SWEEPS i UAI aktivacija NaOCl+EDTA+NaOCl uzrokovala je najizraženije smanjene Ca i P (p < 0.05) u odnosu na konvencionalno ispiranje (KI) i kontrolu te eroziju stijenke kanala. Međutim nije bilo značajne razlike omjera fosfat/amid između skupina (irigacijskih protokola). Sve eksperimentalne metode uzrokovale su značajnu promjenu površinske hrapavosti dentina, pri čemu je najizraženije promjene uzrokovala UAI. Vrijednost kontaktnog kuta značajno se promijenila kod svih eksperimentalnih skupina osim skupine 3 (NaOCl+EDTA) i 4D ((NaOCl+EDTA+NaOCl) + Nd:YAG)). Najveće promjene izražene kroz vrijednosti kontaktnog kuta vidljive su kod uzoraka tretiranih primjenom UAI.Aim: The aim of the doctoral thesis was to evaluate the structural and chemical changes, in intracanal dentin, as well as roughness and wettability of dentin slices after root canal irrigation with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) using additional activation with a novel Er:YAG Shock Wave‐Enhanced Emission Photoacoustic Streaming (SWEEPS), ultrasonic irrigation (UI), and Nd:YAG irradiation.
Materials and methods: Root canals of extracted human premolars were instrumented with distilled water and distributed into groups according to the irrigation protocol used: Group 1: conventional needle irrigation (CI) with 3% NaOCl; group 2: CI with 15% EDTA; and group 3: CI with NaOCl+EDTA. In group 4, root canals were irrigated with NaOCl+EDTA+NaOCl
using the following techniques: CI (group 4A), SWEEPS (group 4B), UI (group 4C). In group 4D, root canals were finally irradiated with Nd:YAG laser. After the irrigation, the intracanal dentin sample was collected and analyzed using a spectroscope with a Fourier transformation of the infrared spectrum in the Attenuated total reflection technique (FTIR‐ATR) to calculate the apatite/collagen ratio. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive x‐ray spectrometry (EDS) were used to determine its chemical composition of split root canals of premolars. Surface profilometry with a contacting stylus (Perthometer S8P, Mahr Perthen) was used to measure arithmetic roughness average (Ra) of polished dentine blocks. Drop shape analizer (DSA30S, Krüss GmbH, Germany) was used for contact angle measurements of dentin blocks extracted from coronal parts of extracted human molars.
Results: FTIR‐ATR showed no significant difference in the phosphate/amid I ratio between the control and the experimental groups (p > 0.05). SWEEPS and UI of NaOCl+EDTA+NaOCl caused the most pronounced decrease of Ca and P (p < 0.05) value compared to CI and control group, and canal wall erosion. SWEEPS and UI of NaOCl+EDTA+NaOCl caused the most pronounced decrease of Ca and P value and significant canal wall erosion. However, no difference in phosphate/amide ratio was reported among groups. All experimental groups increased the surface the surface roughness significantly with UI of NaOCl+EDTA+NaOCl causing the most pronounced surface roughness increase. CI of NaOCl and UI significantly increased wettability, while CI of EDTA and NaOCl+EDTA+NaOCl and SWEEPS of NaOCl+EDTA+NaOCl resulted in significant decrease of dentin wettability.
Conclusion: SWEEPS and UI of NaOCl+EDTA+NaOCl caused the most pronounced decrease of Ca and P values and significant canal wall erosion. There was no difference in phosphate/amide ratio among the irrigation protocols. All experimental groups increased the surface roughness significantly with UI of NaOCl+EDTA+NaOCl causing the most
pronounced surface roughness increase. CI of NaOCl and UI significantly increased wettability, while CI of EDTA and NaOCl+EDTA+NaOCl and SWEEPS of NaOCl+EDTA+NaOCl resulted in significant decrease of dentin wettability
Antimicrobial action of bioceramic materials for filling root canals
No full textCilj: Ciljevi istraživanja bili su usporediti antimikrobnu učinkovitost biokeramičkih materijala za punjenje korijenskih kanala, te ispitati njihovu antibakterijsku učinkovitost na planktonske stanice i mlade biofilmove E. faecalis.
Materijali i metode: U prvom dijelu istraživanja pretražene su tri elektroničke baze podataka: MEDLINE preko OvidSP platforme, Embase preko OvidSP platforme i Web of Science. Istraživanja su uključena neovisno o dizajnu istraživanja, vrsti publikacije i jeziku. Dva autora su zasebno ocijenila kvalitetu izvještavanja.
U drugom dijelu istraživanja bakterijska suspenzija je postavljena na površinu svježe pripremljenih materijala te materijala koji su stvrdnjavali jedan ili tri dana u vertikalno postavljenim mikrotitarskim pločama. Nakon inkubacije 2, 5, 20 i 60 minuta u svaku jažicu mikrotitarske ploče dodan je triptaza soja bujon. Nakon serijskog razrjeđivanja, izbrojane su kolonije.
U trećem dijelu istraživanja bakterijski biofilmovi su uzgojeni na filter papirnatim diskovima postavljenima na ploče s agrom te su, nakon inkubacije, diskovi prekriveni s četiri materijala za punjenje korijenskih kanala. Nakon 60 minuta, materijali za punjenje su uklonjeni i diskovi su prenešeni u epruvete s fosfatom puferiranom fiziološkom otopinom. Nakon serijskog razrjeđivanja, izbrojane su kolonije.
Rezultati: Prvi dio istraživanja obuhvatio je 37 istraživanja koja su ispitivala antimikrobu učinkovitost biokeramičkih materijala za punjenje korijenskih kanala. Nije bilo moguće napraviti usporedbu rezultata istraživanja i dati jasan zaključak i usporedbu djelovanja jer su istraživači koristili različite izvore i starosne skupine mikroorganizama, različita vremena stvrdnjavanja materijala i kontakta između mikroorganizama i materijala i različite antimikrobne testove.
U drugom dijelu istraživanja su biokeramički materijali pokazali značajno bolju učinkovitost u odnosu na kontrolnu skupinu i materijal temeljen na umjetnoj smoli (p 0.05), a slijedi ih MTA Fillapex (Angelus) (p 0.05), ali bolju od materijala koji su stvrdnjavali jedan dan (p< 0.05). Svi materijali su pokazali najbolju učinkovitost nakon 20 minuta kontakta s bakterijama, neovisno jesu bili svježe pripremljeni ili stvrdnjavali jedan ili tri dana.
U trećem dijelu istraživanja nije bilo značajne razlike između TotalFill BC Sealera (Brasseler SAD) i AH Plusa (Dentsply) (p=0.386). Oba materijala su pokazala bolju antibakterijsku učinkovitost od BioRoot RCS-a (Septodont) i MTA Fillapexa (Angelus) (p<0.001).
Zaključak: Budući da su istraživanja uključena u sustavni pregledni rad visoko heterogena, nije moguće donijeti zaključak o tome koji materijal ima najbolje djelovanje niti preporuke za kliničku praksu jer su istraživanja provođena na različite načine, što čini metaanalizu neizvedivom. Potrebno je usuglasiti metodološki pristup, jasno definirati podjelu materijala i provesti istraživanja na ljudima kako bi se moglo donijeti preporuke za kliničku praksu.
U istraživanju učinka biokeramičkih materijala na planktonske stanice E. faecalis, biokeramički materijali su pokazali bolju učinkovitost u usporedbi s konvencionalno korištenim materijalom temeljenim na umjetnoj smoli. Materijali su pokazali najbolju učinkovitost nakon 20 minuta kontakta s bakterijskom suspenzijom, neovisno o tome da li je materijal bio svježe pripremljen ili je stvrdnjavao jedan ili tri dana.
U istraživanju učinka biokeramičkih materijala na mlade biofilmove E. faecalis, TotalFill BC Sealer (Brasseler SAD) i AH Plus (Dentsply) su pokazali bolju kratkoročnu antibakterijsku učinkovitost od BioRoot RCS-a (Septodont) i MTA Fillapexa (Angelus).Aim: The aims of the studies were to compare the antimicrobial efficacy of bioceramic root canal sealers and to examine their antibacterial efficacy on planktonic cells and young biofilms of E. faecalis.
Materials and methods: In the first part of the study, three electronic databases were searched: MEDLINE via OvidSP platform, Embase via OvidSP platform and Web of Science. Studies were included irrespective of research design, type of publication, and language. Reporting quality was assessed by two authors independently. In the second part of the study, the bacterial suspension was placed on the surface of freshly mixed sealers and one or three days set sealer in vertically held microtiter plates. After incubation of 2, 5, 20 and 60 minutes, Tripticase Soy Broth was added to each well of the microtiter plate. After serial dilution, colony forming units were counted. In the third part of the study, bacterial biofilms were grown on filter paper discs placed on agar plates and, after incubation, the discs were covered with four root canal sealers. After 60 minutes, the sealers were removed and the discs were transferred to tubes containing phosphate buffered saline. After serial dilution, colony forming units were counted.
Results: The first part of the study included 37 studies that examined the antimicrobial efficacy of bioceramic sealers. It is not possible to make a comparison of the results from studies and to give a clear conclusion about their comparative activity because the studies used heterogeneous source and age groups of microorganisms, setting and contact times of sealers and antimicrobial tests.
In the second part of the study bioceramic materials showed significantly better efficacy than the control group and resin-based material (p 0.05), followed with MTA Fillapex (Angelus) (p 0.05), but better than sealers set for one day (p <0.05). All sealers exibithed the highest efficacy after 20 minutes of contact, independly sealers were freshly mixed or set for one or three days.
In the third part of the study, there was no significant difference between TotalFill BC Sealer (Brasseler USA) and AH Plus (Dentsply) (p = 0.386). Both sealers showed better antibacterial efficacy than BioRoot RCS (Septodont) and MTA Fillapex (Angelus) (p <0.001).
Conclusion: Since the studies included in the systematic review are highly heterogeneous, it is not possible to give a conclusion about which sealer has the best performance or recommendations for clinical practice because the studies were conducted in different ways, which makes meta-analysis futile. It is necessary to uniform the methodological approach, clearly define the materials classification and conduct studies on humans in order to be able to make recommendations for clinical practice. In a study of efficacy of bioceramic materials on E. faecalis planktonic cells, bioceramic sealers showed better efficacy compared to commercially used resin-based sealer. All sealers exhibited strongest efficacy at 20 minutes of contact time, independly sealer was freshly mixed or one or three day set. In a study of the efficacy of bioceramic sealers on young E. faecalis biofilms, TotalFill BC Sealer (Brasseler USA) and AH Plus (Dentsply) showed better short-term antibacterial efficacy than BioRoot RCS (Septodont) and MTA Fillapex (Angelus)
PHOTOACOUSTIC ROOT CANAL IRRIGATION USING SWEEPS TECHNIQUE
No full textSvrha je ovog preglednog rada objasniti princip i izložiti rezultate dosadašnjih istraživanja nove SWEEPS tehnike ispiranja korijenskog kanala. Standardna obrada korijenskih kanala tijekom endodontskog liječenja uključuje mehaničku instrumentaciju ručnim ili strojnim instrumentima te kemijsku obradu sredstvima za ispiranje poput NaOCl i EDTA. Tijekom instrumentacije kanala formiraju se debris i zaostatni sloj, koje je potrebno ukloniti. U dezinfekciji endodontskog prostora zuba ključan je raspad bakterijskog biofilma koji se postiže brzim strujanjem sredstva za ispiranje u kanalu. Dinamičan protok sredstva za ispiranje u kanalu potreban je za dosezanje svih dijelova endodontskog prostora, održavanje učinkovite koncentracije sredstva i za stvaranje smičnog stresa na stijekama koji uklanja biofilm. Zbog ograničenja pasivnog ispiranja špricom i iglom (nedovoljna izmjena tekućine u korijenskom kanalu) došlo je do razvoja brojnih tehnika aktivacije sredstva za ispiranje, poput zvučno i ultrazvučno aktiviranog ispiranja. Noviji doprinos poboljšanju učinkovitosti dezinfekcije korijenskih kanala predstavlja laserski aktivirano ispiranje (engl. laser-activated irrigation, LAI) pomoću erbij lasera. Posebna tehnika LAI zove se fotonima inducirano fotoakustično strujanje (engl. photon-induced photoacoustic streaming, PIPS), a temelji se na nastanku kavitacija i šok-valova koji čiste stijenke kanala. Tehnološkim napretkom postavki lasera omogućen je razvoj novih tehnika. Emisija fotoakustičnog strujanja pojačana udarnim valom (engl. Shock Wave Enchanced Emission of Photoacoustic Streaming, SWEEPS) nova je tehnika ispiranja korijenskih kanala koja se temelji na pojačanju šok-valova dodatnim pulsom laserske zrake. U literaturi još nema dovoljno radova na temelju kojih bi se mogao jasno definirati učinak SWEEPS tehnike.The aim of this study is to explain the principles and present the results of past research of the new SWEEPS root canal irrigation technique. Standard procedure during endodontic therapy involves mechanical instrumentation using hand or rotary files and chemical treatment that uses irrigants such as NaOCl and EDTA. During root canal instrumentation, debris and smear layer are formed and they need to be removed. Deattachment of bacterial biofilm plays a key role in endodontic disinfection and is originated by a fast stream of irrigant inside the root canal. Dinamic flow of irrigant inside the root canal is necessary for reaching all parts of endodontic space, maintaining an effective irrigant concentration and producing shear stress on root canal walls, which removes the biofilm. Limitations of passive needle irrigation (insufficient exchange of irrigant in the root canal) induced the development of numerous irrigation activation techniques, such as sonic and ultrasonic activation of irrigation. A new contribution to improving the efficiency of root canal disinfection is laser-activated irrigation (LAI) using erbium lasers. A special technique that LAI uses is photon-induced photoacoustic streaming (PIPS) and it is based on producing cavitations and shockwaves which debride the root canal walls. Technological progress of laser settings enabled the development of new techniques. Shock Wave Enchanced Emission of Photoacoustic Streaming (SWEEPS) is a new irrigation activation technique based on the enchancement of shockwaves by using additional laser pulse. There have not been enough papers published to clearly define the efficacy of SWEEPS technique
Antimicrobial action of bioceramic materials for filling root canals
No full textCilj: Ciljevi istraživanja bili su usporediti antimikrobnu učinkovitost biokeramičkih materijala za punjenje korijenskih kanala, te ispitati njihovu antibakterijsku učinkovitost na planktonske stanice i mlade biofilmove E. faecalis.
Materijali i metode: U prvom dijelu istraživanja pretražene su tri elektroničke baze podataka: MEDLINE preko OvidSP platforme, Embase preko OvidSP platforme i Web of Science. Istraživanja su uključena neovisno o dizajnu istraživanja, vrsti publikacije i jeziku. Dva autora su zasebno ocijenila kvalitetu izvještavanja.
U drugom dijelu istraživanja bakterijska suspenzija je postavljena na površinu svježe pripremljenih materijala te materijala koji su stvrdnjavali jedan ili tri dana u vertikalno postavljenim mikrotitarskim pločama. Nakon inkubacije 2, 5, 20 i 60 minuta u svaku jažicu mikrotitarske ploče dodan je triptaza soja bujon. Nakon serijskog razrjeđivanja, izbrojane su kolonije.
U trećem dijelu istraživanja bakterijski biofilmovi su uzgojeni na filter papirnatim diskovima postavljenima na ploče s agrom te su, nakon inkubacije, diskovi prekriveni s četiri materijala za punjenje korijenskih kanala. Nakon 60 minuta, materijali za punjenje su uklonjeni i diskovi su prenešeni u epruvete s fosfatom puferiranom fiziološkom otopinom. Nakon serijskog razrjeđivanja, izbrojane su kolonije.
Rezultati: Prvi dio istraživanja obuhvatio je 37 istraživanja koja su ispitivala antimikrobu učinkovitost biokeramičkih materijala za punjenje korijenskih kanala. Nije bilo moguće napraviti usporedbu rezultata istraživanja i dati jasan zaključak i usporedbu djelovanja jer su istraživači koristili različite izvore i starosne skupine mikroorganizama, različita vremena stvrdnjavanja materijala i kontakta između mikroorganizama i materijala i različite antimikrobne testove.
U drugom dijelu istraživanja su biokeramički materijali pokazali značajno bolju učinkovitost u odnosu na kontrolnu skupinu i materijal temeljen na umjetnoj smoli (p 0.05), a slijedi ih MTA Fillapex (Angelus) (p 0.05), ali bolju od materijala koji su stvrdnjavali jedan dan (p< 0.05). Svi materijali su pokazali najbolju učinkovitost nakon 20 minuta kontakta s bakterijama, neovisno jesu bili svježe pripremljeni ili stvrdnjavali jedan ili tri dana.
U trećem dijelu istraživanja nije bilo značajne razlike između TotalFill BC Sealera (Brasseler SAD) i AH Plusa (Dentsply) (p=0.386). Oba materijala su pokazala bolju antibakterijsku učinkovitost od BioRoot RCS-a (Septodont) i MTA Fillapexa (Angelus) (p<0.001).
Zaključak: Budući da su istraživanja uključena u sustavni pregledni rad visoko heterogena, nije moguće donijeti zaključak o tome koji materijal ima najbolje djelovanje niti preporuke za kliničku praksu jer su istraživanja provođena na različite načine, što čini metaanalizu neizvedivom. Potrebno je usuglasiti metodološki pristup, jasno definirati podjelu materijala i provesti istraživanja na ljudima kako bi se moglo donijeti preporuke za kliničku praksu.
U istraživanju učinka biokeramičkih materijala na planktonske stanice E. faecalis, biokeramički materijali su pokazali bolju učinkovitost u usporedbi s konvencionalno korištenim materijalom temeljenim na umjetnoj smoli. Materijali su pokazali najbolju učinkovitost nakon 20 minuta kontakta s bakterijskom suspenzijom, neovisno o tome da li je materijal bio svježe pripremljen ili je stvrdnjavao jedan ili tri dana.
U istraživanju učinka biokeramičkih materijala na mlade biofilmove E. faecalis, TotalFill BC Sealer (Brasseler SAD) i AH Plus (Dentsply) su pokazali bolju kratkoročnu antibakterijsku učinkovitost od BioRoot RCS-a (Septodont) i MTA Fillapexa (Angelus).Aim: The aims of the studies were to compare the antimicrobial efficacy of bioceramic root canal sealers and to examine their antibacterial efficacy on planktonic cells and young biofilms of E. faecalis.
Materials and methods: In the first part of the study, three electronic databases were searched: MEDLINE via OvidSP platform, Embase via OvidSP platform and Web of Science. Studies were included irrespective of research design, type of publication, and language. Reporting quality was assessed by two authors independently. In the second part of the study, the bacterial suspension was placed on the surface of freshly mixed sealers and one or three days set sealer in vertically held microtiter plates. After incubation of 2, 5, 20 and 60 minutes, Tripticase Soy Broth was added to each well of the microtiter plate. After serial dilution, colony forming units were counted. In the third part of the study, bacterial biofilms were grown on filter paper discs placed on agar plates and, after incubation, the discs were covered with four root canal sealers. After 60 minutes, the sealers were removed and the discs were transferred to tubes containing phosphate buffered saline. After serial dilution, colony forming units were counted.
Results: The first part of the study included 37 studies that examined the antimicrobial efficacy of bioceramic sealers. It is not possible to make a comparison of the results from studies and to give a clear conclusion about their comparative activity because the studies used heterogeneous source and age groups of microorganisms, setting and contact times of sealers and antimicrobial tests.
In the second part of the study bioceramic materials showed significantly better efficacy than the control group and resin-based material (p 0.05), followed with MTA Fillapex (Angelus) (p 0.05), but better than sealers set for one day (p <0.05). All sealers exibithed the highest efficacy after 20 minutes of contact, independly sealers were freshly mixed or set for one or three days.
In the third part of the study, there was no significant difference between TotalFill BC Sealer (Brasseler USA) and AH Plus (Dentsply) (p = 0.386). Both sealers showed better antibacterial efficacy than BioRoot RCS (Septodont) and MTA Fillapex (Angelus) (p <0.001).
Conclusion: Since the studies included in the systematic review are highly heterogeneous, it is not possible to give a conclusion about which sealer has the best performance or recommendations for clinical practice because the studies were conducted in different ways, which makes meta-analysis futile. It is necessary to uniform the methodological approach, clearly define the materials classification and conduct studies on humans in order to be able to make recommendations for clinical practice. In a study of efficacy of bioceramic materials on E. faecalis planktonic cells, bioceramic sealers showed better efficacy compared to commercially used resin-based sealer. All sealers exhibited strongest efficacy at 20 minutes of contact time, independly sealer was freshly mixed or one or three day set. In a study of the efficacy of bioceramic sealers on young E. faecalis biofilms, TotalFill BC Sealer (Brasseler USA) and AH Plus (Dentsply) showed better short-term antibacterial efficacy than BioRoot RCS (Septodont) and MTA Fillapex (Angelus)
Influence of different factors on the outcome of endodontic treatment of the teeth
No full textCilj je endodontskog liječenja sprječavanje razvoja periapikalnog parodontitisa ili postizanje odgovarajućih uvjeta za uspješno cijeljenje već postojećih lezija. Kako bi se postigli prethodno navedeni ciljevi, važno je pravilno provesti sve korake liječenja: kemo-mehaničku obradu kanala, trodimenzionalno brtvljenje kanala i izradu koronarne restauracije. Tijekom izvođenja ovih koraka, brojni čimbenici potencijalno mogu ugroziti i izostaviti uspjeh endodontske terapije. Čimbenici koji mogu utjecati na ishod endodontske terapije klasificiraju se u tri skupine : biološki čimbenici, čimbenici vezani za postupak endodontskog liječenja i postoperacijski čimbenici. Dokazano je da, od navedenih čimbenika, prisutnost preoperativne periapikalne lezije, kvaliteta punjenja i kvaliteta koronarne restauracije znatno utječu na uspješnost provedenog liječenja. Utjecaj je ostalih čimbenika manje značajan, no nije zanemariv. Uspješnim se endodontskim liječenjem smatra ono kod kojeg izostaju klinički znakovi upale te se radiološki uočava normalna parodontna pukotina. Obraćanjem pažnje na sve čimbenike, točnom dijagnostikom i ispravnim provođenjem liječenja može doći do pomaka ravnoteže u korist imunološkog odgovora domaćina i suzbijanja infekcije.The goal of endodontic treatment is to prevent the development of periapical periodontitis or to achieve appropriate conditions for successful healing of already existing lesions. In order to achieve previously stated goals, it is important to properly carry out all treatment steps: chemo-mechanical canal treatment, three-dimensional canal obturation and coronary restoration. During the execution of these steps, a number of factors can potentially compromise and negate the success of endodontic therapy. Factors that can affect the outcome of endodontic therapy are classified into three groups: biological factors, factors related to the endodontic treatment procedure, and postoperative factors. It is proven that the presence of a preoperative periapical lesion, the quality of the filling and the quality of the coronary restoration significantly affect the success of the treatment. The influence of other factors is less significant, but not negligible. A successful endodontic treatment is considered to be one in which there are no clinical signs of inflammation and a normal periodontal crack is observed radiologically. Paying attention to all of factors, precise diagnosis and correct execution of the treatment can lead to a shift in the balance in the favor of the host's immune response and suppression of infection
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