1,720,961 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Investigating the sex-specific role of perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) on vascular function in obesity
Get PDFObesity is defined as the abnormal and excessive accumulation of adipose tissue which is detrimental to health. Obesity can be a potent predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and associated risk factors, including hypertension. The Framingham Heart Study indicated that 78% of hypertension in men and 65% in women can be attributed to obesity. Sex disparities in the prevalence of obesity-related CVD have been well documented with premenopausal women having a lower incidence than age‐matched men. Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) surrounds most blood vessels, contributing to regulation of vascular tone. Under normal physiological conditions, PVAT exerts anti-contractile effects on the vasculature. However, in obesity this anti-contractile effect is impaired, leading to vascular dysfunction. While this association is well-established, the underlying mechanisms driving obesity-associated vascular dysfunction remain unclear. Investigation into this is complicated by the presence of distinct anatomical PVAT depots, with conflicting reports on their role in vascular regulation. Moreover, a lack of understanding behind sex-specific responses to vascular function in obesity remains apparent. In this thesis, we set out to address the hypothesis that sex specific PVAT dysfunction in the setting of obesity is an important driver of sex differences in vascular pathologies. To investigate this, we first established a model of obesity-induced vascular dysfunction and determined if there were sex-specific differences in the response. Male and female C57Bl/6J mice were fed either a high-fat diet (58% kcal fat w/ sucrose) or chow diet for 16 weeks, and vascular function assessed in the presence or absence of PVAT by wire myography. In both male and female control mice, mPVAT reduced the sensitivity of the response to vasoconstrictors; this is termed the anti-contractile effect.
This was completely lost in the HFD female but not male group. Additionally, in male mice, mesenteric PVAT (mPVAT) reduced vasodilatory responses under obese conditions in an endothelium dependent manner.
This reduced vasodilatory response was not significant in obese female mice. The anti-contractile effect of PVAT was also observed in thoracic arteries in both male and female control mice and again was completely lost under obese conditions in both sexes. These changes in vascular function in response to obesity did not alter blood pressure in male or female mice as measured by tail cuff plethysmography. This study demonstrated that there are clear sex differences in vascular function in response to an obesogenic diet which are mediated by the presence of PVAT. We have shown that HFD alters the relationship between mPVAT and the vasculature in female mice with a loss of the anti-contractile effect of PVAT on the vessel independent of a shift in sensitivity of the vessel alone. In contrast, male mice on HFD are more vulnerable to vasoconstriction, however this is still attenuated by the anti-contractile role of PVAT. In addition to this, we have also found that male mice on HFD are unable to dilate mesenteric vessels to the same extent in the presence of PVAT. In contrast to these sex-specific findings in mPVAT, we surprisingly found no sex differences in the role of tPVAT on vasoconstriction in response to an obesogenic diet. Having identified sex specific differences in the role of PVAT on vascular function, we set out to determine if changes in PVAT structure and function were evident in obesity, and if these changes provided clues to the sex-specific nature of the vascular phenotype. Male and female C57Bl/6J mice were fed either a high-fat diet (58% kcal fat w/ sucrose) or chow diet for 16 weeks. Both mPVAT and tPVAT were isolated and assessed in a targeted and untargeted (RNA-sequencing) approaches to investigate the molecular basis of any obesity-induced changes. Histological analysis revealed greater adipocyte hypertrophy and collagen staining in mPVAT from males compared to females under HFD conditions. Transcriptomic profiling from RNA sequencing revealed male mPVAT has a distinct transcriptome from female mPVAT under HFD, but not chow diet conditions. Gene set enrichment analysis indicated that in contrast to female mice, male mice significantly up-regulated extracellular matrix remodelling and pro-inflammatory pathways in response to HFD.
In addition, obese male mice significantly downregulated oxidative phosphorylation pathways compared to obese female mice. Strikingly, these sex-dependent transcriptomic changes were not observed in thoracic PVAT.
Extracellular matrix remodelling is a key process in the development of adipose tissue fibrosis and dysfunction. Evidence has shown that a lack of oestrogen increased visceral adipocyte area and upregulated ECM remodelling genes in rats. To determine whether these sex differences in mPVAT dysfunction were related to the presence of oestrogen, we employed a surgical approach to remove endogenous oestrogens. Female C57Bl/6J mice underwent ovariectomy (OVX) prior to 16 weeks of HFD. A control group of female mice underwent sham-surgery prior to HFD. While OVX female mice displayed increased weight gain and worsened glucose tolerance compared to controls, assessment of both mPVAT and tPVAT revealed that the histo-morphological and molecular markers identified in previous studies were not profoundly affected by OVX.
Together, these results support findings that PVAT plays a key role in regulation of vascular function in health, and that this is altered by PVAT dysfunction because of obesity. Due to the multifaceted sex differences observed in vascular function studies, is it evident that obesity alters the relationship between PVAT and the vasculature differentially between sexes. Paired with transcriptomic studies, males appear more susceptible to obesity related PVAT dysfunction and that these sex differences are unique to mPVAT. This suggests that PVAT has a distinct role dependent on anatomical depot. This work is the first to explore the molecular signature of mPVAT in male and female mice under a HFD and highlights extracellular matrix pathways as important regulators of mPVAT function. This has important implications for investigating sex-specific treatments and pharmacological targets for obesity-induced vascular complications. However, it is still unclear how ECM pathways are modulated within mPVAT as a result of HFD feeding and the direct impact this has on vascular function
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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