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Rationality and Motivation: Moral Psychology in Plato's Socratic Dialogues
No full textRacionalitāte un motivācija: Morālā psiholoģija Platona sokratiskajos dialogos
Promocijas darbs
Anotācija
Promocijas darbs "Racionalitāte un motivācija: Morālā psiholoģija Platona sokratiskajos dialogos" ir veltīts dažu Sokrata morālpsiholoģijas būtiskāko aspektu analīzei. Īpaša uzmanība tiek pievērsta diviem ar rīcības motivāciju saistītiem aspektiem: (1) Doksiskajai kompetencei, t.i., tam, ko mēs par saviem uzskatiem, un (2) Orektiskajai kompetencei, t.i., tam, ko mēs zinām par savām vēlmēm. Darba nosaukumā uz šiem diviem kompetenču laukiem norāda darba nosaukumā lietotie vārdi 'racionalitāte' un 'motivācija'. Darbā tiek analizēta Sokrata vēlmes koncepcija un tās saistība ar Sokrata mīlestības izpratni, Sokrata izpratni par technē. Darbā tiek analizēti tādi Platona sacerējumi kā "Līsids", "Dzīres", "Gorgijs" un "Valsts" I grāmata. Tiek aplūkots arī jautājums Sokrata psiholoģiskā egoisma un viņa ētikas izpratnes savietojamību. Darbu veido 7 nodaļas.
Atslēgvārdi: Sokrats, vēlmes, motivācija, labums, egoisms, morālā psiholoģija"Rationality and Motivation: Moral Psychology in Plato's Socratic Dialogues"
Annotation
The dissertation "Rationality and Motivation: Moral Psychology in Plato's Socratic Dialogues" is a philosophical study of Socratic views in moral psychology. Particular attention is paid to what the author calls (1) Doxastic competence and (2) Orectic competence. It is argued that according to Socrates these two different epistemic relations are important aspects of our self-understanding. The doxastic competence refers to our knowledge of our beliefs and the orectic competence refers to our knowledge of our desires. The author discusses the way how Socratic theory of desire is connected with his theory of love and his theory of craft (technē). The author relies mostly on the views expressed in Plato's "Lysis", "Symposium", "Gorgias" and the I Book of "Republic". According to the view expressed in the essay Socratic theory of action is a variety of psychological egoism. It is argued, that this view is compatible with Socratic views about the importance of virtues.
Keywords: Socrates, desires, motivation, good, egoism, moral psychology
Can There Be Post-Persons and What Can We Learn From Considering Their Possibility?
Get PDFMany prominent bioethicists have recently raised the question of the possibility of moral status enhancement. In this paper I discuss the arguments advanced by Nicholas Agar for the possible existence of the postpersons. I argue that in spite of the many limitations and shortcomings of Agar’s account, there are no conclusive reasons to rule out the possibility of moral status enhancement. However, if post-persons are as they are described by Agar, the fact of their possibility is less interesting and ethically relevant than it might seem. Most importantly, the account of post-persons given by Agar is rather an outcome of some implausible assumptions. I propose that Agar conflates the ethical with the scientific and dismisses the importance of phenomenology in framing our ethical outlook. Also, he seems to follow the assumption made by many utilitarian ethicists that such features as sentience and cognitive capacities have some universal relevance. This accounts for the delusion that we can view our moral attitudes from the point of view of the Universe
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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