1,720,968 research outputs found
A System Theoretical Perspective to Gradient-Tracking Algorithms for Distributed Quadratic Optimization
Full text linkDistributed Constraint-Coupled Optimization over Random Time-Varying Graphs via Primal Decomposition and Block Subgradient Approaches
Full text linkIn this paper, we consider a network of processors that want to cooperatively solve a large-scale, convex optimization problem. Each processor has knowledge of a local cost function that depends only on a local variable. The goal is to minimize the sum of the local costs, while making the variables satisfy both local constraints and a global coupling constraint. We propose a simple, fully distributed algorithm, that works in a random, time-varying communication model, where at each iteration multiple edges are randomly drawn from an underlying graph. The algorithm is interpreted as a primal decomposition scheme applied to an equivalent problem reformulation. Almost sure convergence to the optimal cost of the original problem is proven by resorting to approaches from block subgradient methods. Specifically, the communication structure is mapped to a block structure, where the blocks correspond to the graph edges and are randomly selected at each iteration. Moreover, an almost sure asymptotic primal recovery property, with no averaging mechanisms, is shown. A numerical example corroborates the theoretical analysis
GTAdam: Gradient Tracking with Adaptive Momentum for Distributed Online Optimization
Full text linkThis paper deals with a network of computing agents aiming to solve an online
optimization problem in a distributed fashion, i.e., by means of local
computation and communication, without any central coordinator. We propose the
gradient tracking with adaptive momentum estimation (GTAdam) distributed
algorithm, which combines a gradient tracking mechanism with first and second
order momentum estimates of the gradient. The algorithm is analyzed in the
online setting for strongly convex cost functions with Lipschitz continuous
gradients. We provide an upper bound for the dynamic regret given by a term
related to the initial conditions and another term related to the temporal
variations of the objective functions. Moreover, a linear convergence rate is
guaranteed in the static setup. The algorithm is tested on a time-varying
classification problem, on a (moving) target localization problem, and in a
stochastic optimization setup from image classification. In these numerical
experiments from multi-agent learning, GTAdam outperforms state-of-the-art
distributed optimization methods
Tracking-ADMM for distributed constraint-coupled optimization
Full text linkWe consider constraint-coupled optimization problems in which agents of a network aim to cooperatively minimize the sum of local objective functions subject to individual constraints and a common linear coupling constraint. We propose a novel optimization algorithm that embeds a dynamic average consensus protocol in the parallel Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) to design a fully distributed scheme for the considered set-up. The dynamic average mechanism allows agents to track the time-varying coupling constraint violation (at the current solution estimates). The tracked version of the constraint violation is then used to update local dual variables in a consensus-based scheme mimicking a parallel ADMM step. Under convexity, we prove that all limit points of the agents’ primal solution estimates form an optimal solution of the constraint-coupled (primal) problem. The result is proved by means of a Lyapunov-based analysis simultaneously showing consensus of the dual estimates to a dual optimal solution, convergence of the tracking scheme and asymptotic optimality of primal iterates. A numerical study on optimal charging schedule of plug-in electric vehicles corroborates the theoretical results
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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