54,200 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Ulnar collateral ligament injuries of the thumb- An overview of the injury and treatment
No full textThe Visible Hand Historically X-Rayed
No full textReview article on S.G. Medema, "The Hesitant Hand. Taming Self-Interest in the History of Economic Ideas", Princeton University Press, 2009
Letter from George H. Hand to Mr. K Kodama, June 13, 1924
No full textLetter [from George H. Hand] confirming receipt of letter with statements of damages to farm crops by oil company drilling. See letter: Letter to from Kenichi Kodama to George H. Hand of the Dominguez Estate Company. June 26, 192
Letter from George H. Hand to Marland Oil Company Claim Department, June 13, 1924
No full textLetter from George H. Hand forwarding an attached statement of damage by Mr. K. Kodama to the Marland Oil Company
Letter from George H. Hand to United Oil Company Claim Department, June 13, 1924
No full textLetter from George H. Hand forwarding an attached statement of damage by Mr. K. Kodama to the United Oil Company
Letter from George H. Hand to the Associated Oil Company, September 11, 1924.
No full textRegarding enclosed sketch of land leased to Mr. Kodama per earlier request. See letter: Letter from Associated Oil Company to George H. Hand, September 8, 192
The classification of incomplete vectors
No full textThe thesis begins with a brief introduction to Pattern Recognition followed by a broad survey of the missing data problem in other fields. Possible ways to approach the problem of classifying incomplete vectors are considered. The author argues that substituting estimates for missing components usually leads to a sub-optimal classification, that decision surface methods can be applied in some cases, and that probability density function estimation can provide a general solution.A decision surface method is developed which defines the decision surfaces by point sets selected from. the training set. These point sets are selected by an edited condensed nearest neighbour rule devised by the author; the need to store points more than once is avoided by labelling the points.Two types of pdf estimation methods are defined: local and global. The local method leads to classifications obtained directly from the training set, while the global method v yields decisions via substitution in parametric estimators. The author investigates local nonparametric estimators in detail, explaining their advantages and disadvantages fdr the current application. It is argued that series estimators cannot be usefully applied to the general problem.A general model.suitable for the global method is presented, and different specialisations of it are shown. By deliberately restricting the number of comparisons between these specialisation a greater statistical validity is given to the conclusions. The constrained non-linear optimisation methods used in estimating the parameters of the models are explained, as well as initialisation methods and choice of objective functions. Further particular models suitable for the global methods are also shown.</p
Regaining Motor Control in Musician's Dystonia by Restoring Sensorimotor Organization
No full textProfessional musicians are an excellent human model of long term effects of skilled motor training on the structure and function of the motor system. However, such effects are accompanied by an increased risk of developing motor abnormalities, in particular musician's dystonia. Previously we found that there was an expanded spatial integration of proprioceptive input into the hand area of motor cortex (sensorimotor organisation, SMO) in healthy musicians as tested with a transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) paradigm. In musician's dystonia, this expansion was even larger, resulting in a complete lack of somatotopic organisation. We hypothesised that the disordered motor control in musician's dystonia is a consequence of the disordered SMO.
In the present paper we test this idea by giving pianists with musician's dystonia 15 min experience of a modified proprioceptive training task. This restored SMO towards that seen in healthy pianists. Crucially, motor control of the affected task improved significantly and objectively as measured with a MIDI piano, and the amount of behavioural improvement was significantly correlated to the degree of sensorimotor re-organisation. In healthy pianists and non-musicians, the SMO and motor performance remained essentially unchanged. These findings suggest a link between the differentiation of SMO in the hand motor cortex and the degree of motor control of intensively practiced tasks in highly skilled individuals
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