117,892 research outputs found
Asymétries d'information et richesse immatérielle de l'entreprise : Mesure microéconométrique
No full textLes économètres ont estimé des frontières de coût et de production afin d'évaluer l'inefficacité des entreprises. En parallèle, les économistes ont considéré des problèmes d'information asymétrique dans les relations contractuelles entre des principaux et des agents. Cet article propose de faire coïncider ces deux approches. On y construit des frontières structurelles ou le terme d'inefficacité est en partie endogène et dépend des contraintes économiques qui pèsent sur l'activité d'un producteur. Des données sur la régulation du transport urbain en France sont utilisées afin d'illustrer notre méthode.
Renégotiation de contrats dans l'industrie du transport urbain en France
No full textCet article analyse la renégociation des contrats de gestion déléguée dans le secteur du transport en France. Nous décrivons tout d'abord brièvement le secteur, puis nous présentons dans ses grandes lignes un modèle théorique de renégociation des contrats expliquant les évolutions dynamiques des subventions en direction des opérateurs et notamment leur profil croissant au cours du temps. Ce modèle est ensuite estimé. L'analyse économétrique montre que l'hypothèse consistant à supposer que les autorités ont une forte capacité d'engagement conduit à surestimer l'efficacité des firmes du secteur.
The general rule applicable to torts, party autonomy and «specialized» conflict-of-law provisions in the Rome II Regulation
No full textThe paper discusses the main provisions of the European Union’s Regulation on tort conflicts (“Rome II”), by analyzing (i) the range of PIL techniques employed by the Regulation and (ii) its inspiring objectives. The need for legal certainty and foreseeability as to the law applicable permeates the whole Regulation and more specifically it motivates (a) the list of the issues which are governed by the lex delicti, as well as (b) the choice – within the general rule – of the connecting criterion based upon the locus damni. On the other hand, the will to «treat individual cases in an appropriate manner» has led to the introduction of exceptions to the general rule in relation to predetermined situations, such as the so called isolated torts, as well as to the provision of a more general and flexible power of the judge to determine the manifestly closer connection (through the escape clause). The establishment – as well as the preservation – of a reasonable balance among the parties has inspired not only the provision of special conflict-of-law rules (recital n. 19), but also the choice of the locus damni as the main connecting criterion (the fairness of such solution for the purposes of reaching a reasonable balance among the parties is extensively analysed in the paper), as well as the provision of peculiar limitations to the choice of the law applicable, in cases where weaker parties are involved. The safeguard of particular material interests deserving a special degree of protection is finally shown, for instance, by art. 7 concerning liability for environmental damage. In the light of the above, the paper underlines that the «system» of conflict-of-law rules laid down by Rome II Regulation appears to be particularly noteworthy in so far as it aims – by means of a remarkable range of solutions and techniques – at promoting several interests and objectives which are not always reciprocally consistent. Nonetheless, the real capacity of the Regulation to achieve such ambitious objectives will only be effectively assessable in the light of its future and broader application by the national courts. Paola Ivaldi is the author of paragraphs 3, 4, 5, 6 and 8
Variations on the Principle of Equality in International and EU Law
No full textThis chapter aims to reconstruct the nature and content of the principle of equality in both international and EU law, by providing an overview of its evolution in these fields. To this end, it is structured into two main sections. The first one deals with the functioning of the concept of equality in inter-state relations, by describing the transition from the “classical” international law idea of “sovereign equality” to the attempts to draft international instruments aimed at “compensating inequalities”. The second one, moving on from the assumption that the EU is a Union of states and citizens, inquires into the nature of equality in this peculiar supranational system, by investigating the implementation of this principle in both Member States relations and towards individuals. The latter analysis reveals a nuanced approach to equality by European institutions, ranging from the CJEU’s “indifference towards difference” to the protection of the weaker party in EU private international law
La ricerca-azione. Il caso di una rete di coworking solidale
No full textIl capitolo presenta la metodologia della ricerca-azione entro un contesto di coworking solidal
- …
