454 research outputs found
Rivalry and cooperation: how the Japanese photographic industry went global
Get PDFThis thesis analyzes the postwar political economy of the global photography industry, i.e. camera/lens and film, up to 1995 and finds that the Japanese industry has met unprecedented success. The question addressed in this thesis is: who drove the success of the Japanese photography industry, the government or firms? The words 'rivalry' and 'cooperation' are used in this thesis because they most aptly describe the three main relationships in the photography industry during the postwar period: bureaucrat-politician, government-industry and firm-firm. Cooperation and rivalry always existed in these relationships, but one often took precedence over the other.
The camera/lens makers in Japan's photography industry benefited from cooperative relationships through export promotion and import protection policies from 1950 to 1973. Export promotion was effective because Japanese camera/lens firms began to 'export' to US military postal exchanges in Japan during the Allied Occupation (1945-1952). After that time, the US market was wide open to Japanese exports due to Japan's balance of payments problems and America's mounting security concerns in Asia. Exports of cameras/lenses to the US and Europe expanded throughout the 1950s and 1960s, while photographic film manufacturers (who also produced cameras/lenses) caught up technologically and enjoyed a protected domestic market for film. After 1974, rivalry increased in the three main relationships primarily due to changes in the international trading regime and within Japan. In particular, firm-firm rivalry in cameras/lenses and film grew throughout the 1970s and intensified during the 1980s as new technological advances raised the stakes for global market shares.
This thesis shows that some firms have been successful despite government involvement in the industry, while others have been successful because of it. Cooperation between the government and industry was important in the early years because of the tight controls placed on industry (up to the early 1970s). But the influence of the government waned as the firms within the photography industry went global and rivalry among firms increased. Additional sectoral studies of Japan's early export industries (e.g. sewing machines, bicycles, clocks/watches) are needed to provide additional evidence of the extent to which there was cooperation and/or rivalry in the three main relationships in Japan's postwar political economy
Distinct roles of Rheb and Raptor in activating mTOR complex 1 for the self-renewal of hematopoietic stem cells
Get PDF金沢大学博士（医学）博士論文本文Full 以下に掲載：Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 495(1) pp.1129-1135 2018. Elsevier. 共著者：Hui Peng, Atsuo Kasada, Masaya Ueno, Takayuki Hoshii, Yuko Tadokoro, Naho Nomura, Chiaki Ito, Yusuke Takase, Ha Thi Vu, Masahiko Kobayashi, Bo Xiao, Paul F. Worle, Atsushi Hiraodoctoral thesi
Ru/ITO: A Carbon-Free Cathode for Nonaqueous Li–O<sub>2</sub> Battery
No full textRu nanoparticles deposited on a conductive
support indium tin oxide
(Ru/ITO) were applied as a carbon-free cathode in a nonaqueous Li–O2 battery. The Li–O2 battery with Ru/ITO
showed much lower charging overpotentials and better cycling performance
at 0.15 mA/cm2 than those with Super P (SP) and SP loaded
with Ru nanoparticles (Ru/SP) as the cathodes. The carbon-free cathode
Ru/ITO can effectively reduce formation of Li2CO3 or other Li carbonates in a discharging process, which cannot be
completely decomposed upon charging, in comparison with the carbon
based cathode. The improved performance of Ru/ITO can be attributed
to the superior catalytic activity of Ru nanoparticles toward oxygen
reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and the
absence of carbon that has been reported to react with Li2O2 to form Li2CO3
ON THE INVESTIGATION METHOD OF UNDERGROUND WATER IN LANDSLIDE AREA -The New Investigation Method of Underground Water and Its Try-
No full textIt was cleared by the existing investigated results that the underground water was existent asthe vein-stream condition in and around the landslide area. By the results, the author was awarethat it was very difficult to obtain the information which was concerned with the existent locationof the underground water vein-stream using the present tracer method. As it was considered agood method that the existent location of the underground water vein-stream was assumed inadvance before earring Out the present tracer method, and the presnt tracer method was carried out, the author try to use the underground temperature survey which utilized at the hot-spring surveyaccording to assumed the existent location of the underground water vein-stream. By the results, itwas cleared that this survey method obtained excellent results.It was cleared by the existing investigated results that the underground water was existent asthe vein-stream condition in and around the landslide area. By the results, the author was awarethat it was very difficult to obtain the information which was concerned with the existent locationof the underground water vein-stream using the present tracer method. As it was considered agood method that the existent location of the underground water vein-stream was assumed inadvance before earring Out the present tracer method, and the presnt tracer method was carried out,the author try to use the underground temperature survey which utilized at the hot-spring surveyaccording to assumed the existent location of the underground water vein-stream. By the results, itwas cleared that this survey method obtained excellent results
Diagnosis of Food Allergy Based on Oral Food Challenge Test
No full textABSTRACTDiagnosis of food allergy should be based on the observation of allergic symptoms after intake of the suspected food. The oral food challenge test (OFC) is the most reliable clinical procedure for diagnosing food allergy. The OFC is also applied for the diagnosis of tolerance of food allergy. The Japanese Society of Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology issued the 'Japanese Pediatric Guideline for Oral Food Challenge Test in Food Allergy 2009' in April 2009, to provide information on a safe and standardized method for administering the OFC. This review focuses on the clinical applications and procedure for the OFC, based on the Japanese OFC guideline
Phage-typing of Micrococcus pyogenes var. aureus and its relationship to drug resistance. II
No full textDependence of the molecular orientational states on the surface conditions for the "V-shaped switching" in a ferroelectriclike liquid crystal sample
No full textThe three-component mixture showing the V-shaped switching in a rubbing cell is investigated using a temperature gradient cell (TGC) where the epitaxial method of alignment, but without an alignment layer, is used. The molecular alignment and the switching characteristics in a TGC are compared with the rubbing sandwich and the open cells. The uniform or the twisted state is observed in the TGC, depending on the surface condition whether indium-tin oxide (ITO) or glass, while the uniformlike state with the average optical axis parallel to the smectic layer normal emerges only in the rubbing cell. The cancellation of the surface polarization charges by the surface free charges on the ITO surfaces determines the molecular alignment state in the TGC. From these results, we conclude that the nonpolar in-plane anchoring plays an important role in giving a uniformlike state in the rubbing cell
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