13 research outputs found
A Study of LuShi Chungiu and Pre-Qin Taoist
No full textDuring the Warring States period, the Seven Warring States individually led a large-scale of developments on economics and cultures. Toward the end of thisperiod, the strength of the Qin state was greatly increased by the reforms of San Jin philosophers. Through accomplishing a series of swift conquests, Qin Gradually gained control over the whole of China. At this time, political changes influenced the development trend of Hundred Schools of Thought. LuShi Chungiu expressed the ambition and successfully became a cohesive summary of contemporary philosophical thought, including Confucianism, Mohism, Logicians and Legalism. The scholar from the Eastern Han Dynastry, Gao You gave excellent commentary to LuShi Chungiu, which was superior to all other Schools.
This paper is intended as a discussion of a different possibility. For one thing, Gao You\ue2s commentary to the block-printed edition of LuShi Chungiu (Annal of Lu Buwei) in 1341-1368 is the earliest one so far. However, it did not attract more attention among researchers in the later ages. The author observed the most possible reason is Bi Yuan\ue2s comment. During the study, the author has thoroughly examined the 7 editions related to Gao You\ue2s commentary to the block-printed edition of LuShi Chungiu (Annal of Lu Buwei) in 1341-1368. These 7 editions are respectively collected in Shanghai Library, the Palace Museum, Fu Ssu Nien Library and UC Berkeley Library. Through comparison, the author inquired into the core questions, including whether the 7 editions shared the same origin, what the sequence of the 7 editions was, when the 7 editions were published, and what the mistakes were in the related bibliography and records.
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Then,how did the fashions and customs during the Warring States period actually affect the compilation of LuShi Chungiu while other scholars paid more attention to the analysis of the historic background? Scholars in the past focused more on the gratitude as well as resentment between Lu Buwei and King Zheng while little attention has been given to the impact of social consciousness, political pattern, cultural factors, etc. Another possible aspect of this era is demonstrated.
What is more, from aspect of ideology, the motive of compiling LuShi Chungiu is interpreted in this paper. Its significance to the Qin Dynasty is also demonstrated.One final point is that LuShi Chungiu had close association with pre-Qin Taoist.The core ideology that LuShi Chungiu wanted to represent was expanded from the art of ruling; therefore, this paper focused on the discussion among the three points as follows:
1. What was the relationship between LuShi Chungiu and pre-Qin Taoist?
2. What was definition of the art of ruling mentioned in LuShi Chungiu?
3. How did LuShi Chungiu internalize the pre-Qin Taoist to enrich its content of the art of ruling?
In this paper, Laozi, Zhuangzi, Guanzi, Huangdi Sijing, Shuihudi Qin bamboo texts and Guodian Chu Slips were closely studied for attempting to connect with LuShi Chungiu and consider the common lexical contexts
Production of compost and its economic importance
No full textComposting has a great importance in economic terms, because it affects a lot and directly into increased productivity culture for which it is used.Modern, methodical composting is a multi-step, closely monitored process with measured inputs of water, air, and carbon- and nitrogen-rich materials. The decomposition process is aided by shredding the plant matter, adding water and ensuring proper aeration by regularly turning the mixture. Worms and fungi further break up the material. Bacteria requiring oxygen to function (aerobic bacteria) and fungi manage the chemical process by converting the inputs into heat, carbon dioxide and ammonium. The ammonium (NH4) is the form of nitrogen used by plants. When available ammonium is not used by plants it is further converted by bacteria into nitrates (NO3) through the process of nitrification.Kosova market have not compost production, we fertilizer imported from Serbia, and on the basis of this research conclude that Kosova about 70% of arable land will be needed for this product. While in terms of horticulture (for flowers) 100% this production is imported from the Netherlands.The paper deals with the construction of the collection point with all the advanced technological tools for the production of manure or compost in the space of 0,5 ha. Where will invest 450,000.00 € and will be produced compost from 15.000 to 30.000 t compost/year and earned about 3,000,000.00 € and will fertlized 1000 ha of agricultural land
The Development of Small and Medium Enterprises - Their Impact on the Growth of Employment in Kosovo
No full textThe development of small and medium enterprises (SME) at a satisfied level can be achieved only through the application of knowledge and best practices that are developed at private sector, considering as their main derivation - the creation of new work places. The purpose of this paper is that even in our theory and practice to be provided modern concepts regarding the management of small and medium enterprises and regarding the business decision making. Small and medium enterprises can be considered as engines for the creation of new working places, in other words, can be considered as incubators for innovation and entrepreneurship. But in many poor countries, small and medium enterprises are not considered as the main players in the local ecosystem, which makes many of them operating outside the formal legal system and which phenomena results in the increase of informality and in the decrease of productivity. In addition, the condition becomes harder as they lack the funding and the long-term capital which on the other hand are the basis for the creation and function of companies. The development of SMEs is considered as the basic generator of economic growth. This development should be based on the advantages which should be further developed and on the obstacles and weaknesses, which, through strategies and means of economic policy, must be overcome and revitalized. Based on our studies, in the overall context of this work can be conducted the structuring of SMEs and the process of making business decisions in Kosovo. The focus of the analysis in this paper is the creation of friendly conditions for the development of small and medium enterprises towards employment policies and structural reforms, institutional market economy, generating of new work places. The necessity of these actions lays on the fact that in Kosovo exists a very large army of unemployed youth. The world today is undergoing through a global financial crisis which had started in the United States in 2008 and which has spread all around the globe. It can be said that this global financial crisis has been the longest that this world has recognized. For this reason, to the government of any country is added one more task, which is even more difficult, that through its policies to do the impossible in order to overcome this crisis and to send the respective country towards economic development, more specifically towards the development of the small and medium enterprise which in turn will have an impact on the decrease of unemployment. In addition, the purpose of this study would be to identify the current situation of small and medium enterprises, their structuring and their components in Kosovo.</jats:p
LINKING FARMERS’ BARGAINING POWER IN TRADE TO THEIR PLANS FOR FUTURE ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES
No full textThis paper aims to examine the relationship between the bargaining power of farmers in trade and their plans for future economic activity. While there is existing evidence shedding light on the factors influencing trading power and its consequences, there remains a compelling exigency for scientific substantiation clarifying the aforementioned nexus. A questionnaire was designed and utilized to collect primary data from farmers in Albania (with a sample size of 640). Factor analysis, reliability test and non-parametric statistical methods were used. Evidence was found in support of the aforesaid relationships. Hence, farmers who have plans for investments reflect a higher bargaining power in trading, as opposed to those without such plans. Moreover, interest in increasing farm activity is significantly associated with improved bargaining power in trade. This study enriches the literature, especially in the agribusiness field, by offering additional insights from a transition and developing country
Exploring the association between trust and contracting in agribusiness sector: Evidence from Albania
No full textThis paper seeks to explore the association between trust in the main buyer and contract farming in the agribusiness sector. Despite numerous studies in this field, there is no consensus among scholars, which is the motivation behind undertaking the present study. The research is based on primary data collected through a structured survey in Albania (640 respondents) during December 2019 and January 2020. Several methods were used to examine the relationship between trust and contract farming, including factor analysis, a reliability test, and a non-parametric statistical technique. The results show that trust and contracting have a significant relationship in the context of the agribusiness sector. Moreover, the findings demonstrate that there is a positive correlation, meaning that those with a verbal or written contract exhibit higher trust than those without any prior agreement to sell the product. The scientific contribution of this study is that it presents further arguments and justifications to a controversial discussion and sheds light on a little-studied context such as Albania. © 2021, Centre of Sociological Research. All rights reserved
The effect of relationship quality on contract farming: The mediating role of conflict between trading partners in Albania
No full textThe aim of this research paper is to explore the role of conflict between trading partners in terms of relationship quality (satisfaction, commitment, and trust) on contract farming. Even though there is research on the above issues, yet there is lack of research on the role of conflict between partners in terms of relationship quality on contract farming. Thus, there is a need to offer evidence that brings more clarity to such a role of conflict between trading partners. To test the hypothesized relationships, primary data are collected in different agribusiness areas in Albania. Altogether, 640 successful questionnaires are filled in. The relationships are tested using the partial least squares of structured equation modelling (PSL-SEM) method. The key finding is that a conflict between trading partners influences contract farming and mediates the effects of the farmer’s satisfaction and trust in the relationship with their buyer on contract farming. This paper enriches the existing literature, since it provides additional insights from a developing country context. © 2021, Centre of Sociological Research. All rights reserved
The role of access to information in trading relationship and plans for future activities
No full textThe goal of this study is to investigate the role of market information on the quality of the relationship between farmers and their buyers, and also plans for future activities in a farm. Although there is research which sheds light on the role of communication and shared information between the trading partners, yet there is a need to provide sound evidence that brings more clarity to the role of market information in different aspects of trading relationships. Primary data are collected and analysed with the aim to test the above linkages. 403 complete questionnaires have been collected in different agribusiness areas in Albania. To test the mentioned relationships, partial least squares method of structured equation modelling (PSL-SEM) was used. Reliability, discriminant and path analyses were done. The results show that market information positively affects the relationship quality (satisfaction, commitment and trust), while plans for future activities are influenced by farmer’s commitment, trust, and age, and also incomes from agricultural activities. This work contributes to the existing literature, in particular in the agribusiness field, by offering extra evidence from a developing country context. © Foundation of International Studies, 2021
Collective chemotactic dynamics in the presence of self-generated fluid flows
No full text18.07.13 KB. Ok to add author version to Spiral. AP
