17 research outputs found
Respon Ketahanan Beberapa Varietas Gandum terhadap Hama Gudang Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae)
No full text<p>Resistance Response of Several Wheat Varieties Against Pest of Stored Product, Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae). Lina Herlina and Bonjok Istiaji. Since Sitophilus zeamais still become the major pest of wheat as stored product. Twelve varieties of wheat were evaluated for their resistance to the infestation of S. zeamais. The study was conducted at the Laboratory of Insect Specimen Collection of Indonesian Center for Agriculture Biotechnology and Genetic Resource Research and Development (ICABIOGRAD) from September 2011 to February 2012. Grains of each 12 varieties of wheat was weighed for 5 grams and placed into a plastic bottle. Six female imagos of S. zeamais (1 week old) were introduced into the bottle contained 5 grams of wheat grains. After seven days, all the insects were removed. Observation were done to count the dead and life insects after introduction. The number of larvae emerged from eggs were calculated and weighed daily. Grain weight of each variety was also weighed, the broken and intact seeds were counted and recorded at the end of the infestation. Research were conducted in randomly complete design using one factor, that was twelve varieties of wheat each were replicated three times. The result showed that the highest mortality of the pest were in Perdix, while the lowest were that in Anemos, Combi, and Nandu (0-16.7%). The highest fertility of the pests were found in the Anemos and SW Triso, while the lowest were there in Picallo (14.33-47.67 insects). Anemos was known to be variety with the highest insects population weight, while the Picallo was the variety that inhibited insect population (0.0161-0.0544 g). The longest of insect development periods was on Combi, the shortest was on Sweta (51.33-64.33 days). The shortest median development time was in the Anemos and the longest was in the Sit Nortrend (37.33-44 days). The highest percentage of seed damage and yield loss were in the Anemos, while the lowest were Picallo and Madonna. ANOVA at 5% showed no significant different for all parameters observed on the tested varieties. Resistance classification based on the indexes of Modification, Pointe and Dobie recorded that the most resistant varieties were Picallo and Pasadena.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Sitophilus zeamais masih menjadi hama utama pada produk pascapanen. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Koleksi Spesimen Serangga BB Biogen dari September 2011 sampai Februari 2012 untuk mengevaluasi ketahanan 12 varietas gandum terhadap infestasi S. zeamais. Biji 12 varietas masingmasing ditimbang 5 g dan dimasukkan ke dalam botol plastik, kemudian diintroduksikan enam imago betina S. zeamais berumur seminggu. Setelah tujuh hari, seluruh serangga dikeluarkan, dihitung yang mati dan yang masih hidup. Jumlah larva (progeni F1) yang muncul dari telur diamati dan dihitung setiap hari. Berat gandum tiap varietas ditimbang pada akhir percobaan. Biji yang berlubang maupun yang masih utuh dihitung dan dicatat. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap satu faktor, yaitu jenis varietas gandum sebanyak 12 varietas, masing-masing dengan tiga ulangan. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa mortalitas larva tertinggi ditemukan pada varietas Perdix, sedangkan terendah pada Anemos, Combi, dan Nandu (kisaran 0-16,7%). Fertilitas tertinggi ditemukan pada Anemos dan SW Triso, sedangkan terendah pada Picallo (kisaran 14,33-47,67 ekor). Bobot tertinggi larva serangga ditemukan pada Anemos, terendah pada Picallo (kisaran 0,0161- 0,0544 g). Perkembangan serangga terlama ditemukan pada Combi dan terpendek pada varietas Sweta (kisaran 51,33-64,33 hari). Waktu paruh terpendek pada varietas Anemos dan terpanjang pada varietas Sit Nortrend (kisaran 37,33-44 hari). Kerusakan biji maupun kehilangan hasil tertinggi pada varietas Anemos, sedangkan terendah pada Picallo dan Madonna. Hasil ANOVA pada taraf 5% menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan pengaruh yang signifikan dari seluruh varietas terhadap semua parameter yang diamati. Berdasarkan indeks Modif, Pointe maupun Dobie, varietas yang paling tahan adalah Picallo dan Pasadena.</p></jats:p
Studi pendahuluan potensi daging buah picung (pangium edule reinw.) Sebagai insektisida botani
Get PDFTujuan penelitian ini adalah menemukan golongan senyawa aktif dari daging buah picung (Pangium edule) yang berfungsi sebagai insektisida botani. Bagian dari tanaman picung yaitu daging buahnya yang selama ini dibuang memiliki potensi yang rendah sebagai insektisida. Ekstrak daging buah picung, baik ekstrak heksana, ekstrak kloroform, ekstrak methanol maupun ekstrak air tidak mematikan terhadap ulat Spodoptera litura hingga konsentrasi 10%. Sedangkan berdasarkan daya hambat makannya, ekstrak air memiliki daya hambat makan tertinggi terhadap Spodoptera litura yaitu pada konsentrasi 1% sebesar 14.75%. Kandungan fitokimia pada ekstrak air daging buah picung adalah alkaloid, flavonoid, dan glikosida sianogen. Pada ekstrak air tidak terkandung adanya steroid dan saponin seperti pada daging buah kering dan ekstrak kloroform serta methanol. Ekstrak air daging buah picung setelah dipisahkan dalam kolom Sephadex LH-20 memiliki 32 fraksi. Tiap fraksi yang dihasilkan dengan eluen methanol 80% tersebut memiliki kandungan fitokimia yang berbeda. Fraksi dengan rendemen tertinggi adalah fraksi ketiga dengan kandungan alkaloid dan flavonoid yang paling tinggi, sedangkan rendemen tertinggi kedua terdapat pada fraksi kedua dengan kandungan alkaloid tinggi dan flavonoid rendah. Rendemen tertinggi ketiga terdapat pada fraksi 1 dengan kandungan alkaliod rendah dan flavonoid rendah. Fraksi yang lain tidak terdeteksi adanya alkaloid dan flavonoid. Senyawa aktif sebagai penghambat makan ulat Spodotera litura pada daging buah picung diperkirakan dari golongan alkaloid atau flavonoid
Pengembangan formulasi insektisida botani untuk pengelolaan hama tanaman kubis-kubisan dalam upaya mengurangi penggunaan insektisida sintetik
Get PDFSerangan serangga Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) dan Crocidolomia pavonana F. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) dapat menurunkan kuantitas dan kualitas produksi tanaman kubis-kubisan, bahkan dapat menggagalkan panen. Selama ini strategi pengendalian yang diadopsi adalah penggunaan insektisida sintetik yang umumnya dilakukan secara intensif. Hal ini dapat menimbulkan pengaruh buruk pada manusia, serangga berguna, dan lingkungan. Untuk itu penelitian ini bertujuan mencari teknologi alternatif untuk pengelolaan hama tanaman kubis dengan memanfaatkan ekstrak tumbuhan dan upaya pembuatan produk komersial yang praktis, murah, dan aman. Spesies tumbuhan, Aglaia odorata (Meliaceae/ranting), Alpinia galanga (Zingiberaceae/rimpang), Annona squamosa (Annonaceae/biji), Piper retrofractum (Piperaceae/ inflourescens), dan Swietenia mahogani (Meliaceae/biji) diekstrak dengan pelarut organik. Ekstrak diuji aktivitas mortalitas dan penghambatan makannya. Ekstrak dengan aktivitas insektisida tinggi diuji sifat kompatibilitas antar dua campuran ekstrak (perbandingan 1:2, 1:1, dan 2:1 (w/w)). Campuran yang efektif dipilih untuk pembuatan formulasi dan uji semi lapangan sebagai dasar pengujian lapangan pada pertanaman kubis. Ekstrak P. retrofractum, A. squamosa, dan A. odorata memberikan efektivitas tinggi pada C. pavonana dan P. xylostella dengan perlakuan residu dan hanya ekstrak A. squamosa dengan perlakuan setempat. Ekstrak S. mahogani memberikan penghambatan makan tinggi, sementara ekstrak lain rendah. Beberapa campuran ekstrak menunjukkan sinergisme pada pengujian kompatibilitas. Persistensi campuran ekstrak P. retrofractum dan A. squamosa menunjukkan efektivitas tinggi hingga 7 hari pemaparan, sementara campuran A. odorata dan A. squamosa efektif hingga 5 hari pemaparan. Campuran P. retrofractum dan A. squamosa cukup efektif dalam menekan populasi larva P. xylostella dan C. pavonana, tidak mempengaruhi aktivitas parasitoid, tidak menimbulkan fitotoksik, dan tidak menurunkan kelimpahan individu arthropoda tanah
Aplikasi Irigasi Cerdas di P4S Buana Lestari, Kabupaten Nganjuk, Jawa Timur
Get PDFKegiatan ini bertujuan untuk melakukan uji coba dan membuat percontohan salah satu bentuk aplikasi irigasi cerdas pada budidaya tanaman melon dengan sistem hidroponik, serta untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan petani dalam mengatur jadwal irigasi. Hasil yang diharapkan adalah meningkatnya efisiensi irigasi, produktivitas air irigasi, dan pendapatan usaha tani. Teknologi yang digunakan dalam kegiatan ini adalah sistem irigasi cerdas berbasis IoT. Sistem irigasi cerdas yang digunakan terdiri dari sensor kelembapan tanah yang akan mendeteksi tingkat kebasahan tanah, ditanam pada kedalaman sesuai kebutuhan teknis irigasi. Informasi dari sensor akan dimasukkan ke programmable controller yang memiliki fungsi Internet of Things (IoT) dengan koneksi nirkabel ke cloud server. Hasil pengukuran nilai EU pada jaringan irigasi tetes terpasang tergolong tinggi, yaitu berkisar antara 81,55% – 83,24 %. Hal ini berarti bahwa dimanapun posisi pemasangan sensor, akan secara relatif mewakili kondisi kadar air media tanam aktual di lapangan. Aplikasi irigasi cerdas dapat meningkatkan efisiensi irigasi tetes pada budidaya melon dengan sistem hidroponik, yaitu penghematan air nutrisi sebesar 6.500 mL per tanaman atau sebesar 7,64%, setara dengan Rp183,00/tanaman melon. Dengan aplikasi irigasi cerdas, produktivitas air irigasi dan nutrisi sebesar 20 g melon per 1 L air irigasi. Uji coba aplikasi irigasi cerdas ini perlu dilanjutkan dengan sistem penjadwalan irigasi on-demand, untuk memperoleh efisiensi irigasi dan produktivitas air tertinggi.This activity aims to conduct trials and make pilots of one form of smart irrigation application in melon cultivation with a hydroponic system, as well as to increase farmers\u27 knowledge in managing irrigation schedules. The expected outcome is increased irrigation efficiency, productivity of irrigation water, and farm income. The technology used in this activity is an IoT-based smart irrigation system. The smart irrigation system used consists of a soil moisture sensor that will detect the wetness of the soil, planted at a depth according to the irrigation technical needs. Information from the sensors will be entered into a programmable controller that has an Internet of Things (IoT) function with a wireless connection to a cloud server. The measurement results of the EU value on the installed drip irrigation network are classified as high, which ranges from 81.55% – 83.24%. This means that wherever the position of the sensor is installed, it will relatively represent (actual) the condition of the water content of the planting medium in the field. The application of smart irrigation can increase the efficiency of drip irrigation in melon cultivation with a hydroponic system, namely saving nutrient water by 6,500 mL per plant, or 7.64% or the equivalent of Rp183,00/melon plant. With smart irrigation applications, the productivity of irrigation water and nutrition is 20 grams of melon per 1 L of irrigation water. The trial of this smart irrigation application needs to be continued with an "on-demand" irrigation scheduling system, to obtain the highest irrigation efficiency and water productivity
Evaluasi Pemasangan Barrier System di Desa Bener Kecamatan Wonosari Kabupaten Klaten
Get PDFRats are pests that are difficult to control because they attack plants on various stages of storage. Control of mice in the paddy ecosystem can be done by the Trap Barrier System (TBS). This study aims to evaluate the installation of the Barrier System in Bener Village, Wonosari District, Klaten Regency, Central Java. The study was conducted by the method of field observation, interviews, and literature studies. The results showed that the installation of the Barrier System in Bener Village was ineffective due to the lack of farmers\u27 attention to the components of FFB and the lack of support from farmers.
Keywords: rats, rat control, trap barries system (TBS
The Causal Agent of Fusarium Disease Infested Shallots in Java Islands of Indonesia
No full textThe success of disease control is largely determined by the validity of information about the type of causal-pathogen. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae (FOC) was reported to attack shallots and cause leaf twisting disease in Indonesia. We have conducted researches to investigate the causal agent of Fusarium disease and carried out growth tests on nine genotypes of shallots to determine the disease severity and disease indexes, and the correlation between diseases several agronomic traits. Thirty-five strains of Fusarium spp were isolated from wilted shallots tree and bulbs. Based on morphological characterization and rapid test to the isolates, they were identified as F oxysporum, F verticillioides, F solani and F proliferatum. The shallot genotypes that showed a tolerant response to FOC isolates tested were only Sumenep variety. Mentes, Tajuk, Batu Ijo, and Bima Brebes varieties show susceptible response
Identification of Pests and Diseases on Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) in Sangihe Island Regency, North Sulawesi Province, Indonesia
No full textAs an archipelago regency, the Sangihe Islands has been known for its expanses of coconut plantations, which are one of the local community\u27s primary commodities and sources of income. An inventory of pests and diseases specific to coconut in this area has never been carried out, and this information is needed, especially regarding sustainable coconut management. This study aimed to determine the presence of coconut pests and diseases in Sangihe and to obtain the latest conditions related to pests and disease incidence. The research was carried out through several stages, i.e., interviewing farmers, sampling, and identifying and documenting pests and diseases. The climate condition of Sangihe Island is classified as type A (very wet), with an average rainfall of 248 mm, temperature of 27 C, and humidity of 83% from 2017-2021. This condition is one of the determining factors for the existence of pest attacks and disease-causing pathogen infection on coconut. Pests dominated as disturbing organisms compared to diseases caused by plant pathogens. These pests included grasshoppers, coconut rhinoceros beetles, coconut hispine beetles, coconut mites, and white-tailed mice. Observations of the damage intensity by Sexava coriaceae were conducted in the Tahuna Barat district by selecting three land categories. The most severe damage occurred in field B (mostly planted with Hybrid Coconuts) with a percentage of 39%, while the lowest damage was in field C (mostly planted with Tall Coconuts), at 17%. The major disease detected was a gray leaf spot caused by the fungus Pestalotiopsis palmarum. The highest disease incidence and severity were found in Tabukan Utara district with percentages of 43% and 22% respectively, while the lowest incidence and severity were found in Tahuna Barat district with percentages of 3% and 1%, respectively
Kampanye Pengembalian Bahan Organik Tanah Untuk Mengatasi Permasalahan Hama Penyakit Tanaman Durian Di Kecamatan Doro Kabupaten Pekalongan
Get PDFSoil nutrient imbalance comparing roughly the amount of fertilizer added and harvest taken implies on pest and disease problems of durian (Durio zibethinus) at district of Doro, Pekalongan regency. The aims of activity are campaigning the importance of soil organic matter returning and working together with local farmers for healthier plant husbandry. The activity started with a survey process and the taking of several trees as samples to carry out plant sanitation activities with local partner farmers. This activity is carried out to fulfill plant nutrition and nutrients by returning soil organic matter used as compost. Bio-Hara Plus liquid organic fertilizer and pesticide formulations were introduced to farmers as activators to accelerate the decay of organic material or composting. Socialization was also carried out to farmers about plant health programs and direct practices to several partner farmers This method is introduced to partner farmers and is expected to become a model for other farmers. Bio-Hara Plus was responded by both farmers and local communities and the potential for collaboration with Village-Owned Enterprises regarding the supply of Bio-Hara plus and other plant health products
Manajemen Keuangan dalam Kesejahteraan Keluarga Petani di Desa Bener Kecamatan Wonosari Kabupaten Klaten
Get PDFThis study aims to analyze the management of farm family and its relation to the well-being of farm family in Bener Village, Klaten Regency, Central Java Province. This study involved two families selected from the head of a farmer group in the village. Data collection is done through observation and in-depth interviews using questionnaires. Well-being is measured by how well the family is able to meet economic indicators, health, education, social resources and life satisfaction. The results showed that there was a relationship between family financial management and family welfare which was also influenced by respondents\u27 income.
Keyword : economic, family, farmer, financial management, welfar
Efektifitas Kegiatan Gopyokan Tikus Sawah (Rattus argentiventer) di Desa Bener, Kabupaten Klaten
Get PDFRice field rat assault in Bener Village according to participatory mapping indicates assault the most severe among other villages, in Wonosari Sub-district, Klaten District. rice-field rat has induced a lot of rice fields to fail harvest and left to dry or fallow for the past few years. The program aims to control rice field rats in Bener Village through a gropyokan. The Program began by gather Gapoktan leaders and farmers to explain the activities to be held. In the implementation of gropyokan combined with sulfur fumigation, a sequence of activities can eradicate or repel rats. Furthermore, socialization execute to farmers concerning the breed of rats and demonstration of fumigator. Restraint has been done in Gapoktan rice fields and is prospective as an example for other farmers in controlling rice field rat assaults.
Keyword: fumigation, gropyokan, rice-field ra
