1,720,967 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Gevolgen van de soevereine beoordelingsvrijheid van de rechter tegenover adviezen van het FMO en diens experten
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Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Human rights law : an incomplete but flexible framework to protect the human mind against neurotechnological intrusions
No full textAbstract: Calls to adopt neurorights in the international human rights framework in order to address the challenges raised by neurotechnology are growing louder. By contrast, various scholars point out that the introduction of such neurorights would be premature considering that the adequacy of existing human rights in addressing these challenges should first be thoroughly investigated. In this analysis, it will be examined whether the existing human rights framework can offer adequate protection against the threats neurotechnology poses to the human mind. First, ongoing developments in neurotechnology will be explored. Second, critical considerations will be formulated regarding the introduction of neurorights. Third, a detailed analysis will be conducted on how existing human rights law might counter the ethical concerns neurotechnology gives rise to. By way of conclusion, it will be argued that, through an evolutive interpretation of its provisions, this framework might already be able to aptly address these concerns
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Empowering the voiceless : disorders of consciousness, neuroimaging and supported decision-making
No full textAbstract: Patients suffering from (Prolonged) Disorder of Consciousness are deemed incompetent to give valid informed consent due to the presumed impairment of their cognitive functions and the impossibility to communicate with them. Neuroscientists have, however, discovered ways in which communication with some of these patients might be possible by using neuroimaging. This would for the first time make it possible to include them in the decision-making on their own medical treatment. In this article, I elaborate on the prospect of communicating with patients with impaired consciousness in order to obtain their informed consent. I first map the current state-of-the-art in neuroimaging research that exhibits the possibility of communicating with some of these patients. Secondly, I examine how obtaining informed consent from these patients might be possible, given that the specificities and limitations of communication via neuroimaging render the task of assessing their competence rather difficult. Thirdly, I identify some of the important ethical and legal considerations that have to be taken into account before introducing neuroimaging in clinical practice as a means to obtain informed consent. Lastly, I look into the concept of supported decision-making and how this concept relates to the use of neurotechnology to support minimally conscious patients in their abilities to decide over their own medical treatment
Neurotechnologie en ge\uefnformeerde toestemming bij minimaal bewuste pati\uebnten: een stem voor de stemlozen?
No full textEstablishing neurorights : new rights versus derived rights
No full textAbstract: The way in which neurotechnology interferes with the human mind by enabling reverse inferences of mental states and alterations of mental processes, is a source of significant concern. Both human rights scholars and international and regional human rights institutions are actively examining which human rights safeguards are needed to address these concerns and protect the human mind. Central to this exploration is the question of how human rights law should formally establish these safeguards: through the introduction of neurorights as new stand-alone human rights, or by deriving neurorights form existing rights? This article seeks to contrast arguments in favour and against both strategies, to inform a substantiated choice for the preferable option. To this end, the article will first outline the origins of the neurorights debate. Subsequently, it will elaborate on the two identified approaches to establishing neurorights. Thereafter, both approaches will be assessed on their merits, focussing on the general criteria of \u2018need\u2019 and \u2018feasibility\u2019. Based on this evaluation, the article identifies the Derivation Approach as the preferable path forward. The need for new, stand-alone rights is insufficiently established, whereas deriving neurorights from existing rights provides clearer and more coherent safeguards, and encounters fewer political challenges
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