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Perceptions socio-culturelles du recours aux pratiques magico-religieuses chez les orpailleurs sur le site aurifère artisanal de M’banga au Niger
Get PDFGold is a precious metal. In Niger, artisanal gold mining is a practice that leads to a rush of gold seekers to the gold sites. Every gold seeker goes to these sites in search of gold. This article examines the socio-cultural perceptions of the use of magico-religious practices by gold panners at the M’banga artisanal gold mining site. Based on qualitative research, M’banga provided the framework for analysis. The research questions are: How do gold miners perceive gold on the M’banga artisanal gold mining site? What are the magico-religious practices of the gold miners, based on different ethnolinguistic traits? The hypothesis is that the mystical dimension of gold is one of the reasons for the different perceptions of gold miners at the M’banga artisanal gold mining site. At the end of this study, the results obtained reveal that gold is perceived differently by gold miners depending on their cultural identity. However, the way gold miners perceive gold is linked to unorthodox practices that give rise to religious syncretism
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Remittance in Niger: effects on economic growth and on migrants’ left behind
Get PDFRemittances have long been an important source of revenue for many people in the Republic of Niger. In order to fight poverty, young people choose to migrate. In 2019, a total of 293 million U.S. dollars was sent by migrants to their relatives in Niger; that is 3% of Niger Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The objective of this study is to analyze the effects of remittances on economic growth in Niger and the significance of its contribution in improving the living condition of migrants’ left behind families. The study applies a three-step econometric procedure followed by a survey on the usage of the remittances in the city of Tahoua (Republic of Niger). The study also performed some tests on the residuals for the accuracy of the prediction of the model. The empirical results showed no long run relationship between remittances, economic growth and gross fixed capital formation in Niger. However, in the short-run, the study revealed the existence of causal effect between remittances and economic growth. On the other hand, the results of the conducted survey in the city of Tahoua showed that 45.7% of the received remittance is used in food expenditure, 19.3% in education expenditure, 10.36% in health expenditure and 5.4% is allocated to house rent. The survey also revealed the importance of the remittances for the left behind. It indicates that 14% of the respondent left behind wish to see another family member engage in migration
Organisation et contraintes de la commercialisation des semences améliorées de mil et de niébé à l’ouest du Niger
Get PDFIn Niger, the supply of declared quality seed remains a major challenge for farmers who mostly use traditional varieties despite their purity problem. Recently, there has been a mobilization of actors around the improved seeds sector. This paper analyzes the organization and constraints of marketing certified improved seeds of millet and cowpea. The data was collected among 57 seed producers, 2 farmers\u27 organizations, 4 sales’ point/input shops and a seed company. These actors were sampled systematically, data were collected through a questionnaire survey and the analysis was undertaken by using sector approache. The results show that the seeds producers, their organization, the seed company, the collectors/distributors, the retail outlets/shops, the state/ partners and the user producers are the direct actors in the marketing circuit of improved seeds. The characteristics of the demand for these strategic inputs are difficult to establish in this area. However, most of producers’ seeds is purchased by the seed companies and the State and its partners. There is no proper coordination in the formation of seeds prices. But, it is strongly influenced by a production contract that links the private to producer’s seeds. The marketing meets many technical constraints of production and constraints of markets/financial. To ensure the sustainability of the certified improved seeds sector and its contribution to food security and poverty reduction, actions are needed in the characterization of demand, pricing and appropriate marketing strategies. Thus, estimating demand and setting sales prices before the start of the agricultural season allows for market-oriented seed production. Information and small-volume sales in villages can help market seeds.
Keywords: Marketing, Market Economy, Niger, Sector, Improved seedAu Niger, l’approvisionnement en semences de qualité déclarée reste un grand défi pour les agriculteurs qui utilisent majoritairement des variétés traditionnelles malgré leur problème de pureté. Récemment, on a observé une mobilisation des acteurs autours de la filière semences améliorées. Cet article analyse l’organisation et les contraintes de la commercialisation des semences améliorées certifiées de mil et de niébé. L’étude a été conduite auprès de 57 producteurs multiplicateurs, 2 organisations paysannes, 4 points de ventes/boutiques d’intrants et une entreprise semencière. Ces acteurs ont été échantillonnés de façon systématique, une enquête par questionnaire a permis de collecter les données et l’approche filière a servi dans l’analyse. Les résultats montrent que les producteurs multiplicateurs, leurs groupements, l’entreprise semencière, les collecteurs/distributeurs, les points de vente/boutiques d’intrants, l’Etat/partenaires et les producteurs utilisateurs sont les acteurs directs du circuit de commercialisation de ces semences. Les caractéristiques de la demande en ces intrants stratégiques sont difficiles à établir dans cette zone. Toutefois, l’essentiel des semences des producteurs multiplicateurs est acheté par les entreprises semencières et l’Etat et ses partenaires. Il n’existe pas à proprement parler une coordination dans la formation de prix des semences. Mais, il est fortement influencé par un contrat de production qui lie les privés aux producteurs multiplicateurs. La commercialisation rencontre de nombreuses contraintes techniques de production et celles de marchés/financières. Pour assurer la durabilité de la filière semences améliorées certifiées et sa contribution dans la sécurité alimentaire et la réduction de la pauvreté, des actions sont nécessaires dans la caractérisation de la demande, la fixation des prix et les stratégies adaptées de commercialisation. Ainsi, l’estimation de la demande et la fixation de prix de vente avant le démarrage de la campagne agricole permettent une production de semences orientée vers le marché. L’information et les ventes en petites quantités dans les villages peuvent aider à commercialiser les semences.
Mots clés: Commercialisation, Economie de marché, Filière, Semences améliorées, Nige
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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