117 research outputs found
Biography of Ahmadu Bamba
No full textCe manuscrit est une biographie détaillant la vie du soufi sénégalais Ahmdu Bamba Mbacke. Ahmadou Bamba était un saint soufi charismatique qui a fondé les Frères musulmans appelés Muridiyya. Le manuscrit fait partie d'une série de biographies que l'auteur a écrites sur les dirigeants islamiques en Afrique de l'Ouest.This manuscript is a biography detailing the life of Senegalese Sufi Ahmdu Bamba Mbacke. Ahmadou Bamba was a charismatic Sufi saint who founded the Muslim Brotherhood called Muridiyya. The manuscript is one of a series of biographies that the author has written about Islamic leaders in West Africa
Shaykh Ahmadou Bamba: a peacemaker for our time
No full textI first heard about Ahmadou Bamba (ca. 1850-1927) thirty-two years ago through the 9-part BBC television series titled The Africans: A Triple Heritage presented by the doyen of Africa and Islam studies, the late Professor Ali Mazrui. The series, which was produced in 1986 was also published in the form of a book. And the name of Ahmadu Bamba has remained in my mind until today. I always wanted to learn more about him. Thanks to Michelle Kimball for this excellent book on Ahmadou Bamba, it is one of the few works on Bamba. I have learned a lot from it, so my hearty congratulations to the author. The good thing about the book is that its chapters are short, crisp and well written, not drowning the reader into a collapsing sleep
Ahmadu Bamba
No full textThe mid-nineteenth century was an era when the French colonial administration was consolidating its control over colonies in French West Africa. Having witnessed armed resistance movements from non-Muslim and Muslim leaders in the region, the French administration was suspicious of popular leaders who did not support the colonial agenda. Some were killed and others were arrested, exiled, or put under house arrests in order to destroy their movements. Amadu Bamba (1853-1927) was one of the Muslim leaders the French administration regarded as a threat to colonial rule. Because he did not share the position of local Muslim leaders who allied with the Wolof ruling nobility that he regarded as unjust, Bamba founded a new Sufi movement that sought to provide the masses an ethics-centered Islamic education. His conflict with the Muslim leaders and Wolof aristocratic rulers exacerbated his tension with French administrators who saw him as an imminent threat. As a result, Bamba was arrested and exiled in Gabon (1895-1902) and Mauritania (1903-1907), and was kept under house arrest in Ceyeen-Jolof (1907-1912) and Diourbel (1912-1927). The exile and arrests, which were designed to destroy his movement, did not work as his Murīdiyya order has become one of Senegal’s most culturally, economic, and politically powerful movements with committed members spread around the world. His legacy endures. He was a prolific writer and has left an impressive corpus of Arabic texts that continue to guide his followers around the world. His senior disciples who translated his ethos to the broader Wolof audiences using Wolofal or Wolof ʿAjamī (Wolof written with the Arabic script) have also left a rich corpus of primary sources that capture the history, traditions, and doctrine of the Murīdiyya from Murīd perspectives. Unfortunately, these sources remain largely inaccessible to academics.First author draf
Anthropisation et dynamique spatio-tamporelle de paysages forestiers en République démocratique du Congo
No full textA l’image du bassin du Congo, la République Démocratique du Congo (République Démocratique du Congo) fait face à une réduction de la qualité et de la superficie de son couvert forestier. La présente étude avait pour objectif d’étudier l’effet de l’anthropisation, à travers la présence et les activités humaines sur la dynamique des paysages forestiers en République Démocratique du Congo. L’écologie du paysage, en tant que science pluridisciplinaire offre une très bonne approche à travers les indices et une méthodologie alliant la structure et la composition du paysage pour mettre en évidence les causes et les conséquences des processus écologiques. Ces approches sont basées sur le fait que en analysant la structure du paysage, des déductions utiles au sujet des processus écologiques fondamentaux peuvent être faites et vice versa. Les résultats ont montré, en quantifiant la dynamique spatio-temporelle de l’occupation du sol et par l’analyse et la caractérisation de la structure spatiale, que l’anthropisation est le moteur de la dynamique dans ces milieux forestiers. L’impact humain se traduit par une déstabilisation ou un dysfonctionnement des écosystèmes forestiers entraînant la dégradation, la fragmentation et la déforestation. Ainsi il a été montré que la proximité des villes est fortement corrélée à la dégradation et la perte d’habitats forestiers. Cela est fonction de l’importance socio-économique de ces villes car plus la ville est importante, plus elle attire la population ;que la densité de la population influence la fragmentation et l’incursion dans la forêt se fait en suivant les pistes et les routes mises en place généralement par les sociétés d’exploitation forestière. Le tout amplifié par la situation socio-économique difficile des populations et le manque de politiques de gestion appropriées de la part des gestionnaires publiques. Cette dynamique régressive du paysage forestier en République Démocratique du Congo aura une incidence négative sur les cycles climatiques globaux vu que le bassin du Congo est le plus grand bloc forestier après le bloc de l’Amazonie. La présente étude est donc un argument supplémentaire qui milite en faveur de la nécessité de prendre en compte les caractéristiques des populations locales dans les programmes de gestion de la forêt du bassin du Congo pour un meilleur équilibre écologique de la planète. / Like Congo basin, Democratic Republic of Congo’s forest covers are facing their reduction in quality and size. This study aimed to investigate the effect of human impact on forest landscape dynamics in DR Congo, through the human presence and its activities. Landscape ecology as a multidisciplinary science offers a very good approach through the index and a methodology combining the structure and the composition of the landscape to highlight the causes and the consequences of ecological processes. These approaches are based on the fact that by analyzing the structure of landscape, useful deductions about the underlying ecological processes can be made and vice versa. By quantifying the spatio-temporal dynamics of land use and by analysis and characterization of spatial structure, our results showed that anthropization is the driver of the dynamics in these forest environments. Human impact results in a destabilization or a dysfunction of the forest ecosystems involving degradation, fragmentation and deforestation. Thus it was shown that proximity to cities is strongly correlated to the degradation and loss of forest habitats. This depends on the socioeconomic importance of these cities because more the city is important, more it attracts people. Population density influences the fragmentation and the incursion into the forest is done by following the tracks and roads generally implemented by the logging companies. All amplified by socio-economic problems of population and lack of appropriate management policies on the part of public managers.This regressive dynamic forest landscape in République Démocratique du Congo will have a negative impact on global climate cycles because the Congo Basin is the largest forest block after Amazonia block. This study is another argument which advocates the need to take into account the characteristics of local population in forest management programs in the Congo Basin for a better ecological balance of planet.Doctorat en Sciencesinfo:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublishe
Barbus teugelsi Bamba, Vreven & Snoeks, 2011, new species
No full textBarbus teugelsi new species (Fig. 8; Tables 1–4) Holotype. MNHN 2010 -0977, (58.9 mm SL), Guinea; Little Scarcies basin, Mongo River in Marela near the bridge on the road Faranah-Mamou, (10 ° 06’ N, 11 ° 24 ’ W), G.G. Teugels, May 1987. Paratypes. MNHN 2010 -0978, (2; 30.5–37.6 mm SL), same collecting data as holotype. MNHN 2010 -0979, (1; 74.4 mm SL), same collecting data as holotype. MNHN 2010 -0980, (9; 35.6–106.5 mm SL) Guinea; Little Scarcies basin, Mongo River in Marela, C. Lévêque, Feb. 1986. MRAC B 0-26 -P-0001, (1; 32 mm SL), same collecting data as holotype. MRAC B 0-26 -P-0002-0004, (3; 40.7–95.9 mm SL) Guinea; Little Scarcies basin, Mongo River in Marela, C. Lévêque, Feb. 1986. Additional material (non types). MNHN 2010 -0981, (3; 63.5–94.9 mm SL), same collecting data as holotype. MNHN 1991 - 166, (5; 73.6–98.1 mm SL), same collecting data as holotype. Diagnosis. Within West Africa, Barbus teugelsi sp. nov. is distinguished from all other small African ‘Barbus’ by the following unique combination of characters: last simple dorsal-fin ray smooth on hind margin (vs. denticulate on hind margin in ‘B.’ cadenati, ‘B.’ carcharhinoides, ‘B.’ dialonensis and ‘B.’ guineensis); two long barbels (vs. no barbels in ‘B.’ anema, ‘B.’ clauseni, ‘B.’ pumilus and ‘B.’ salessei and single pair of very short barbels in ‘B.’ pobeguini); no black spot on dorsal fin (vs. black spot on dorsal fin in ‘B.’ aboinensis, ‘B.’ callipterus ‘B.’ macrops and ‘B.’ raimbaulti); 3.5 scales between dorsal-fin base and lateral line and 21 to 24 lateral line scales (vs. higher scale numbers: 4.5 to 5.5 and 27 to 30 in ‘B.’ atakorensis, ‘B.’ bagbwensis, ‘B.’ bigornei, ‘B.’ boboi, ‘B.’ chlorotaenia, ‘B.’ lauzanei, ‘B.’ nigeriensis and ‘B.’ subinensis); the presence of a black mid-lateral band (vs. no mid-lateral band or one to five well defined spots on the flanks in, ‘B.’ aliciae, ‘B.’ anniae, ‘B.’ baudoni, ‘B.’ camptacanthus, ‘B.’ eburneensis‘B.’ foutensis, ‘B.’ huguenyi, ‘B.’ liberiensis, ‘B.’ macinensis, ‘B.’ perince, ‘B.’ stigmatopygus, ‘B.’ sublineatus, ‘B.’ sylvaticus, ‘B.’ tiekoroi, ‘B.’ traorei, ‘B.’ trispiloides, ‘B.’ trispilos and ‘B.’ walkeri); 12 scales around caudal peduncle (vs. 10 or less in ‘B.’ bawkuensis, ‘B.’ ditinensis, ‘B.’ guildi, ‘B.’ inaequalis, ‘B.’ leonensis, ‘B.’ melanotaenia, ‘B.’ punctitaeniatus and ‘B.’ zalbiensis); the absence of a striped pattern on the mid-dorsal parts (present in ‘B.’ nikoloensis). Although the new species is very similar in general habitus to ‘B.’ ablabes and ‘B.’ parablabes, it can be distinguished from both species by its longer barbels 3 / 5 (vs. 2 / 3), poorly developed or absent cephalic sensory canals (vs. well developed cephalic sensory canals) and a low number of gill rakers, 3–6 (vs. 7–12 and 7–9). The comparison with species other than ‘B.’ ablabes, ‘B.’ bigornei and ‘B.’ parablabes is mainly based on literature data, i.e., Lévêque et al. (1990), Paugy et al. (2003) and the original description of the above mentioned species. Description: Meristics and morphometrics are given respectively in Table 1 and Table 4. Barbus teugelsi is a medium-sized species (maximum size observed: 98.0 mm SL) with a straight dorsal profile. Head pointed, mouth sub-terminal. First simple dorsal-fin ray only slightly ossified on its proximal half. Lateral line complete, situated below and tangent to the dark longitudinal band on the body above the pelvic fin, but continuing on the longitudinal band above the anal fin. Lateral line scales smaller on caudal peduncle than below dorsal fin. Cephalic sensory canals are hardly visible or even absent. Total gill rakers number on the first gill arch is low (3–6). Two unequal pairs of barbels, the anterior is reaching up to the centre of eye and the posterior extending beyond hind margin of eye. Preserved specimens have dark brown dorsal parts and flanks with a lighter belly. There is a well-marked black longitudinal band from snout to caudal-fin. The lateral-line scales as well as those on the dorsal parts and in the first series below the lateral line are marked with small crescent-shaped patches of melanophores, most prominent on the lateral line and the dorsum. The longitudinal band is relatively wide below the dorsal fin, i.e., about half a (large) scale high, and gradually narrows (i.e., becomes about one (small) scale high on the caudal peduncle). Paired and unpaired fins whitish and transparent. Geographical distribution. Barbus teugelsi sp. nov. is currently only known from the type locality, the Mongo River, a left bank affluent of the Little Scarcies, at Marela close to the bridge on the road between Faranah and Mamou (Guinea) (Fig. 9). Etymology. The new species is named after and dedicated to Prof. Dr. Guy G. Teugels (1954–2003), an outstanding ichthyologist who introduced the first and second author to fish taxonomy and greatly contributed to the knowledge of the African fishes over the last twenty years.Published as part of Bamba, Mamadou, Vreven, Emmanuel J. & Snoeks, Jos, 2011, Description of Barbus teugelsi sp. nov. (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) from the Little Scarcies basin in Guinea, Africa, pp. 48-65 in Zootaxa 2998 on pages 60-63, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20456
Images of Cheikh Ahmadou Bamba Drame and of the community of Sunna-Karantaba
No full textFor technical assistance, please contact [email protected]. Fieldwork Team: Dr. Fallou Ngom (Pricipal Investigator; Director, African Studies Center), Ablaye Diakité (Local Project Manager), Mr. Ibrahima Yaffa (General Field Facilitator), and Ibrahima Ngom (photographer). Technical Team: Professor Fallou Ngom (Principle Investigator, Project Director and former Director of the African Studies Center at Boston University), and Eleni Castro (Technical Lead, BU Libraries). This collection of Mandinka Ajami materials is copied as part of the African Studies Center’s African Ajami Library. This is a joint project between BU and the West African Research Center (WARC), funded by the British Library/Arcadia Endangered Archives Programme. Access Condition and Copyright: These materials are subject to copyright and are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License, which permits non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are fully cited using the information below. For use, distribution or reproduction beyond these terms, contact Professor Fallou Ngom ([email protected]). Citation: Materials in this web edition should be cited as: Ngom, Fallou, Castro, Eleni, & Diakité, Ablaye. (2018). African Ajami Library: EAP 1042. Digital Preservation of Mandinka Ajami Materials of Casamance, Senegal. Boston: Boston University Libraries: http://hdl.handle.net/2144/27112. For Inquiries: Please contact Professor Fallou Ngom ([email protected]).Biography: Cheikh Ahmadou Bamba Drame was born and raised in Sunna-Karantaba in the region of Sedhiou, where he started his Islamic education. He left his hometown when he was 16 years old to pursue his advanced studies in The Gambia, Dakar, Louga (Cokki) and Mauritania. After his studies in 2019, he returned home. He currently serves as an Arabic teacher in the public French secondary school in Kolda, Senegal.Images of manuscript owner Cheikh Ahmadou Bamba Drame (right) and of the community of Sunna-Karantaba, Sedhiou, Senegal, for the manuscript digitization work done in September 2018
O ATRAVESSAMENTO DA PERSONAGEM “VELHA DA HISTÓRIA” DO ROMANCE CORDA BAMBA PELA DESUMANIZAÇÃO EM MÍDIAS DISTINTAS
No full textThis article discusses the dehumanization of the character “A Velha da História”, in the Romance Corda Bamba by the author Lygia Bojunga (2021[1979) and in the cinematographic narrative by Eduardo Goldenstein (2012), homonymous to this one. Observing the influence of the literary text on other media/arts, in this case the cinematographic narrative, and how each of the media move elements and languages to build on the characters, and therefore produce varied feelings and emotions in the readers/spectators; in the present case, as mentioned above, dehumanization. For this purpose, the study is based on bibliographical research, adopting Comparative Literature as a benchmark for the construction of data and analyses. Still resorting to the studies of Brait (1985); Hutcheon (2011); Stam (2006); Rule (2014). With the study it is possible to prove the thesis that the old character of the story is crossed by dehumanization in both media and how this dehumanization is denounced in both supports.Neste artigo se discute a desumanização da personagem “A Velha da História”, no Romance Corda Bamba da autora Lygia Bojunga (2021[1979) e na narrativa cinematográfica de Eduardo Goldenstein (2012), homônima a esta. Observando a influência do texto literário sobre outras mídias/artes, neste caso a narrativa cinematográfica, e como cada um dos meios movimentam elementos e linguagens para construir nas personagens, e por conseguinte produzir nos leitores/espectadores sentimentos e emoções variadas; no caso em tela, conforme supramencionado, a desumanização. Para tanto, o estudo se realiza a partir de pesquisa bibliográfica, adotando a Literatura Comparada enquanto balizador para construção de dados e análises. Recorrendo ainda, aos estudos de Brait (1985); Hutcheon (2011); Stam (2006); Rego (2014). Com o estudo se pode comprovar a tese de que a personagem velha da história é atravessada pela desumanização nas duas mídias e como essa desumanização é denunciada nos dois suportes. 
Une vision alternative de la déforestation de la Province Orientale de la République Démocratique du Congo par l’approche Boserupienne
No full textTraduit en anglaisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe
Hornija, Bamba, Pampliega: las elecciones funerarias de los reyes hispanovisigodos
No full textResumen: En este artículo se analizan las referencias que sitúan los enterramientos de los reyes Chindasvinto, Recesvinto y Wamba en las localidades de Hornija, Bamba y Pampliega, respectivamente. Para ello se ha realizado un estudio de las fuentes que recogen estas noticias y su fiabiliadad, situándolas además en el contexto funerario de la Antigüedad tardía y la temprana Edad Media. Se ha concluido que estas informaciones pueden ser ciertas, pues manifiestan la continuidad de comportamientos practicados por los grandes latifundistas romanos, también en Hispania, que frecuentemente disponían sus enterramientos en mausoleos o recintos funerarios primero, y en pequeños oratorios cristianos más adelante. Para terminar, esta distribución contribuye igualmente a otorgar credibilidad a las noticias, tardías, que sitúan las sepulturas de los reyes asturianos anteriores a Alfonso II en sus centros de dominio territorial. Palabras clave: reyes visigodos, enterramientos, Chindasvinto, Recesvinto, Wamba Abstract:Several reports tell about the burial sites of Visigoth kings Chindasuinth, Reccesuinth and Wamba in, respectively, Hornija, Bamba and Pampliega. None of them is contemporary to the reported events and so the source remains untrustworthy. The oldest reference about Chindasuinth burial is from bishop Pelayo of Oviedo, who did his historical work in the xiith century and he is always suspicious of being a tricky author. In this instance, however, the depiction of the prelate is unusually sharp, to the point of suggesting a personal knowledge of a very relevant work. Ildephonsus of Toledo inform us about the death of Reccesuinth in Gerticos, but it is not until the ixth century, in the Adefonssi tertii chronica, when his burial site is indicated, in the very same place where he died, which was, following this source, his uillam propiam. Lastly, is Pelayo of Oviedo again the first chronicler who reports the bury of king Wamba in Pampliega. This paper tries to establish through several procedures how credible these burial sites are. First, by deeply checking the chronicles and their trustworthy. Then, we have examinated some funeral customs related to the late Antiquity and early Middle Ages trying to find out if the behaviour of these monarchs is in agreement with these methods. Under the Roman Empire, the landlords were frequently buried in their fundii, into burial enclosures generally associated to the uillae. In Hispania, these methods are recorded since the ist century, becoming frequent from the ivth and vth centuries on. Although the Visigoth customs in this territory —defectively reported by the archaeology— remain rather unknown, we can imagine that in some instances, the newcomers took the previous rural settlements. The report of Reccesuinth’s burial, in uillam propiam, could fit these criteria and should help to give credibility to these regal graves placed on rural territories of strong Visigoth settlement. Finally, a historical panorama like the one depicted above should assist to explain the funerary choices of the Asturian kings prior to Alfonso II , which are later reported but also in agreement with their nucleus of territorial power. Keywords: Visigothic kings, burials, Chindasuinth, Reccesuinth, Wamba * Siglas utilizadas: Aespa: Archivo Español de Arqueología MGH: Monumenta Germaniae Historica PL: Patrología Latina BNE: Biblioteca Nacional de España MSS: Manuscrit
A Velha (da) História: infância e ditadura na Corda Bamba (Lygia Bojunga, 1979)
No full textIn this article, we seek to reflect on the relationships of experience and domination in the book Tightrope by Lygia Bojunga, published in 1979. With a plot that follows the contradictions of the slow forging process of childhood and sensibilities, the author highlights important dimensions of the political struggle in Rio's class society, highlighting limits and obstacles demarcated by subtle social counterpowers. The circus, world of possibilities, appears in this novel as a space for novelties, in contrast to the dominant repetitions of the world of the powerful, especially threatening for those who tell stories in those years of civil-military dictatorship (1964-1985). The future is an articulating element of hopes in this literature: the evils suffered by the Old Woman of the History are redeemed by the courageous bet that the girl Maria makes in her own memories.Neste artigo, procuramos refletir sobre relações de experiência e dominação no livro Corda Bamba de Lygia Bojunga, publicado em 1979. Com enredo que acompanha as contradições do lento processo de se forjar da infância e das sensibilidades, a autora evidencia dimensões importantes da luta política na sociedade de classes carioca, destacando limites e obstáculos demarcados por sutis contrapoderes sociais. O circo, mundo de possibilidades, aparece nesse romance como espaço de novidades, em contraposição às repetições dominantes do mundo dos poderosos, especialmente ameaçador para quem conta histórias naqueles anos de ditadura civil-militar (1964-1985). O futuro é elemento articulador de esperanças nessa literatura: as maldades sofridas pela Velha da História são redimidas pela aposta corajosa que a menina Maria faz em suas próprias memórias
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