21 research outputs found
Prof. Thomas F. DeFrantz on Dancing a Black Social – an interview
No full textProf. Thomas DeFrantz on Dancing a Black Social and Re-Orientations, sharing insights from his prolific research into Black American dance past, present and future. Molloy interviewed the Professor on the 9th of May 2024, in person at SLIPPAGE lab, Northwestern University, Illinois, USA.Intro/outro music : drum-dance jam at the market stall of Burkinabe instrument-maker Issaka Compaore at the annual Africlap street festival August 2024, Toulouse, France.Interview and recordings by the author on a Zoom H1N field mic. Photography, editing and audio production by the author. Research-creation / fieldwork conducted in partial completion of a PhD at University College Cork and University of Toulouse, with the support of an ERASMUS+ mobility grant and the UCC Danijela Kulezic-Wilson scholarship.Prof. Thomas DeFrantz on Dancing a Black Social and Re-Orientations, sharing insights from his prolific research into Black American dance past, present and future. Molloy interviewed the Professor on the 9th of May 2024, in person at SLIPPAGE lab, Northwestern University, Illinois, USA.Intro/outro music : drum-dance jam at the market stall of Burkinabe instrument-maker Issaka Compaore at the annual Africlap street festival August 2024, Toulouse, France.Interview and recordings by the author on a Zoom H1N field mic. Photography, editing and audio production by the author. Research-creation / fieldwork conducted in partial completion of a PhD at University College Cork and University of Toulouse, with the support of an ERASMUS+ mobility grant and the UCC Danijela Kulezic-Wilson scholarship
ECHANGES COMMERCIAUX EN AFRIQUE DE L’OUEST : LA VILLE DE FADAN’GOURMA
No full textInternational audienceTRADE IN WEST AFRICA: THE TOWN OF FADA N’GOURMAAbstract:The urban agglomeration of Fada N’Gourma in the eastern region of Burkina Faso is located at thecrossroads of several countries in West Africa. It covers an area of 350 km², with a population ofapproximately 66,173 inhabitants in 2019 (INSD-Est, 1996-2006. p. 222; Projection I. DAHANI, 2020).This city hosted its first market between 1395 to 1439. The people who lived there carried out tradewhich was subsequently connected with those of West Africa. This market later became the main one inthe city. The commercial exchanges of the pre-colonial period and the marketing circuits that were builtin West Africa, allowed Fada N’Gourma to become a transit hub. The present survey is essentially builton field research by collecting primary data. It aims to present the city of Fada N’Gourma in the tradein West Africa of the pre-colonial, colonial and post-colonial periods. Thus, an examination of trade inWest Africa shows that this city is mainly a transit point for trade in West Africa from the pre-colonialperiod to the post-colonial period.Résumé :L’agglomération urbaine de Fada N’Gourma dans la région de l’Est du Burkina Faso est située aucarrefour de plusieurs pays de l’Afrique de l’Ouest. Elle couvre une superficie de de 350 km², avec unepopulation d’environ 66 173 habitants en 2019. (INSD-Est, 1996-2006. p. 222 ; Projection I. DAHANI,2020). Cette ville a abrité son premier marché entre 1395 à 1439. Les populations qui y vivaienteffectuaient des échanges commerciaux qui ont été par la suite connecté à ceux de l’Afrique de l’Ouest.Ce marché est devenu par la suite le principal de la ville. Les échanges commerciaux de la périodeprécoloniale et les circuits de commercialisation qui en ont été construits en Afrique de l’ouest, ontpermis à Fada N’Gourma de devenir un carrefour de transit. La présente investigation estessentiellement construite sur une recherche de terrain par la collecte des données primaires. Elle viseà présenter la ville de Fada N’Gourma dans les échanges commerciaux en Afrique de l’Ouest de lapériode précoloniale, coloniale et celle post coloniale. Ainsi, l’examen des échanges commerciaux enAfrique de l’Ouest montre que cette ville est principalement un lieu de transit dans les échangescommerciaux en Afrique de l’Ouest depuis la période précoloniale jusqu’à celle post coloniale
Participatory Analysis of the Vulnerability and Adaptation Strategies of Communities Faced with Climate Change in the Sahelian Zone of Burkina Faso: The Case of the Namissiguima Municipality in the Province of Yatenga (Northern Region)
Get PDFClimate change is a concern of our time, both at global level and at community level, where its impacts vary according to context. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the causes of this change are anthropogenic and require urgent action on the part of humanity in terms of mitigation but also in terms of adaptation to strengthen the resilience of populations. The municipality of Namissiguima (13° 36′ 00″ north and 2° 13′01″ west), in the province of Yatenga in Burkina Faso, is no exception. Located in the Sahelian agro-climatic zone of Burkina Faso and receiving less than 600mm of water per year, it has a population of almost 59,000, 51.7% of whom are women and 48.3% men, whose main occupations are farming and livestock rearing (94.6%). Through a participatory analysis using the “Trousse a outils planification et suivi-evaluation des capacites d’adaptation au changement climatique (TOP-SECAC)”, this paper aims to analyze local communities’ perceptions of climate variability and change and their perceived causes, to assess the impacts of climate variability and climate change on communities’ livelihoods, and to discuss the adaptation strategies used by local people to mitigate these impacts
Mapping energy balance fluxes and root zone soil moisture in the White Volta Basin using optical imagery
No full textAccurate information on the distribution of sensible and latent heat fluxes as well as soil moisture is critical for evaluation of background characteristics. Since these fluxes are subject to rapid changes in time and space, it is nearly impossible to determine their spatial and temporal distributions over large areas from ground measurements alone. Therefore, prediction from remote sensing images is very attractive as it enables extensive area coverage and a high repetition rate. In this study, the Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land as implemented at New Mexico Tech (SEBALNM) is used to estimate sensible and latent heat fluxes in the White Volta Basin of Ghana, West Africa. The objectives are (i) to demonstrate a SEBALNM application in a part of the world were ground measurements are very scarce and (ii) to compare evapotranspiration (ET) maps obtained from Landsat and MODIS imagery, respectively. The results of this study demonstrate that SEBALNM can be applied for mapping sensible and latent heat fluxes as well as soil moisture over areas where few or no ground measurements are available using common satellite products (Landsat and MODIS).Water Resources SectionCivil Engineering and Geoscience
APOBEC3G Variants and Protection against HIV-1 Infection in Burkina Faso.
No full textStudies on host factors, particularly the APOBEC3G gene, have previously found an association with AIDS progression in some populations and against some HIV-1 strains but not others. Our study had two main objectives: firstly, to screen a population from Burkina Faso for three variants of APOBEC3G previously described, and secondly to analyze the effect of these three variants and their haplotypes on HIV-1 infection with Circulating Recombinant Forms (CRFs) present in Burkina Faso. This case control study involved 708 seropositive and seronegative individuals. Genotyping was done by the TaqMan allelic discrimination method. Minor allele frequencies of rs6001417 (p<0.05), rs8177832 (P<0.05), and rs35228531 (P<0.001) were higher in seronegative subjects. The rs6001417 and rs8177832 SNPs were associated with HIV-1 infection in an additive model (P<0.01). Furthermore the SNP rs35228531 was also associated with HIV-1 infection in a dominant model (P<0.001). Odds ratio analysis of genotypes and alleles of the different APOBEC3G variants showed that there is a strong association between the minor genetic variants, genotype of the three SNPs, and HIV-1 status. Haplotype analysis demonstrated that rs6001417, rs8177832, and rs35228531 are in linkage disequilibrium. The haplotype GGT from the rs6001417, rs8177832 and rs35228531 respectively has a protective effect OR = 0.54 [0.43-0.68] with P<0.001. There was also associations between the haplotypes GGC OR = 1.6 [1.1;-2.3] P<0.05, and CGC OR = 5.21 [2.4-11.3] P<0.001, which increase the risk of infection by HIV-1 from almost two (2) to five (5) fold. This study demonstrates an association of rs6001417, rs8177832, and rs35228531 of APOBEC3G with HIV-1 infection in a population from Burkina Faso
Links between household food consumption and nutritional status of children aged 6–59 months: a case study in Burkina Faso
Get PDFIntroductionFood insecurity is a major challenge in many developing countries and may impede the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal 2 (SDG2). Nearly 15% of Burkina Faso’s population is facing food insecurity. In 2021, 21.6% of children under the age of five (U5) were stunted. This rate remains high. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between Global Acute Malnutrition (GAM) and socio-demographic, economic, and household dietary factors among U5 children in the Sanguié Province in Burkina Faso.MethodsThe method used is based on a quantitative cross-sectional study using primary data on food and nutritional security for 237 children under the age of 5 from 150 households. Data analysis was carried out sequentially: a first univariate descriptive stage was used to characterize the variables studied, with a prevalence of MAG [11.4% (7.35–15.44)], which is higher than the 10% alert threshold set by the WHO; this stage is followed by a bivariate analysis to explore their associations. Finally, a multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) was carried out to identify the independent factors associated with acute malnutrition because of its ability to study complex relationships between variables and to represent their structure in the form of factorial spaces.Results and discussionFindings indicate that malnutrition is associated with high household food expenditure; medium dietary diversity; a medium/high demographic dependency ratio; the absence of toilets; and food reserves that cover less than 6 months. These findings highlight the need to strengthen food security by fostering household economic development and to ensure optimal access to improved sanitation
APOBEC3G expression and HIV-1 infection in Burkina Faso
Get PDFAPOBEC3G is a potent inhibitor of HIV-1 replication, and act by deaminating cytidines in uracil on the negative strand of the viral cDNA. In this case-control study, APOBEC3G expression in subjects’ naïve to HAART infected by HIV-1 and the effect of APOBEC3G polymorphism on its expression were evaluated. The results show that the HIV-1 infected carriers of the G minor alleles of the variant rs8177832 had a higher expression of APOBEC3G mRNA than the controls carriers of the G minor allele. APOBEC3G polymorphisms could play an important role in the modulation of the HIV-1 dissemination
Serotype Profile of Nasopharyngeal Isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae Obtained from Children in Burkina Faso before and after Mass Administration of Azithromycin.
Get PDFMass drug administration (MDA) with azithromycin (AZ) has been used successfully to control trachoma. However, several studies have shown that MDA with AZ has led to the emergence of resistance to AZ in Streptococcus pneumoniae. The emergence of resistance to AZ has also been observed when this antibiotic was combined with the antimalarials used for seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC). The development of antibiotic resistance, including resistance to AZ, is sometimes associated with the emergence of a bacterial clone that belongs to a specific serotype. We hypothesize that the increase in resistance of S. pneumoniae observed after 3 years of SMC with AZ might be associated with a change in the distribution of pneumococcal serotypes. Therefore, 698 randomly selected isolates from among the 1,468 isolates of S. pneumoniae obtained during carriage studies undertaken during an SMC plus AZ trial were serotyped. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) multiplex assay using an algorithm adapted to the detection of the pneumococcal serotypes most prevalent in African countries was used for initial serotyping, and the Quellung technique was used to complement the PCR technique when necessary. Fifty-six serotypes were detected among the 698 isolates of S. pneumoniae. A swift appearance and disappearance of many serotypes was observed, but some serotypes including 6A, 19F, 19A, 23F, and 35B were persistent. The distribution of serotypes between isolates obtained from children who had received AZ or placebo was similar. An increase in AZ resistance was seen in several serotypes following exposure to AZ. Mass drug administration with AZ led to the emergence of resistance in pneumococci of several different serotypes and did not appear to be linked to the emergence of a single serotype
RANDOMIZED TRIAL TO ASSESS EFFECT OF REPEATED TREATMENT OF DHA-PQ AND AL ON QTC INTERVAL IN PATIENTS PRESENTING WITH UNCOMPLICATED MALARIA IN BOBO-DIOULASSO, BURKINA FASO
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