1,720,953 research outputs found
From drugs to climate : associations between external factors and profound hyponatremia
No full textBackground:Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte disturbance and associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Despite its clinical relevance, many aspects of hyponatremia's epidemiology, including pharmacological and environmental influences remain challenging for clinicians. This doctoral thesis addresses key knowledge gaps using population-based register data to investigate drug- induced hyponatremia, climate-related risk factors, and the value of an integrated cohort with sodium concentrations in focus.Aims:The overarching goal of this thesis is to improve understanding of hyponatremia by examining its pharmacological and environmental determinants. Specifically, the aims were to:1- Investigate the time-dependent risk of hyponatremia associated with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs).2- Establish and describe the Stockholm Sodium Cohort (SSC), a population- based database for sodium research.3- Assess the association between outdoor temperature and severe hyponatremia.4- Evaluate the risk of profound hyponatremia linked to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and venlafaxine.Methods:All studies used population-based registers. Study 1 obtained data from the National Patient Register on hospitalized patients due to hyponatremia between 2006 and 2014. Studies 2-4 utilized the SSC, a cohort of 1.6 million residents of Stockholm County with at least one recorded serum sodium measurement between 2005 and 2018. Individual-level sodium test results were linked to national registers covering demographics, socioeconomic status, diagnoses, health care contacts, and dispensed medications. Study 1 used a case-control design with over 56,000 individuals to analyze the time-course of hyponatremia after omeprazole/esomeprazole initiation. Study 2 describes the creation and representativeness of the SSC. Study 3 was a retrospective cohort analysis assessing temperature-hyponatremia links using daily temperature data matched to residential area. Study 4 applied a within-individual design including 234,217 new users of SSRIs/venlafaxine to analyze the temporal risk of profound hyponatremia.Results:In Study 1, the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for hospitalization due to hyponatremia was highest within the first week of PPI treatment (aOR 6.87), declining gradually over five weeks. Ongoing use was associated with a modest risk (aOR 1.10). Study 2 showed that the SSC covered 64% of the regional population and over 90% of patients with major chronic diseases, demonstrating its strong representativeness for clinical and pharmacoepidemiologic research. In Study 3, 51,143 episodes of severe hyponatremia (serum sodium Conclusion:This thesis demonstrates that hyponatremia is strongly associated with both pharmacologic exposures and environmental factors. The findings emphasize that PPIs and serotonergic antidepressants pose the greatest risk shortly after initiation, supporting early and targeted sodium monitoring in high-risk populations, particularly elderly women. Moreover, outdoor temperature is an important factor in severe hyponatremia risk, which is projected to rise substantially with future climate warming. The establishment of the SSC provides a robust and generalizable platform for studying sodium-related conditions on a population level. Together, these studies provide new, clinically actionable insights that may inform drug safety monitoring, geriatric care, and public health responses to climate change.List of scientific papersI. Issa I, Skov J, Falhammar H, Calissendorff J, Lindh JD, Mannheimer B. Time- dependent association between omeprazole and esomeprazole and hospitalization due to hyponatremia. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2023 Jan;79(1):71-77. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00228-022-03423-xII. Issa I, Skov J, Falhammar H, Franko MA, Lindh JD, Mannheimer B. Establishment and representativeness of the Stockholm Sodium Cohort: A laboratorial and pharmacoepidemiologic database covering 1.6 million individuals in the Stockholm County. Ann Epidemiol. 2024 Mar;91:1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annepidem.2024.01.005III. Issa I, Skov J, Falhammar H, Lindh JD, Mannheimer B. The Association of Outdoor Temperature with Severe Hyponatremia. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2025 Mar 1;36(3):435-440. doi: 10.1681/ASN.0000000519.https://doi.org/10.1681/ASN.0000000519IV. Issa I, Skov J, Falhammar H, Roos M, Lindh JD, Mannheimer B. The association of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and venlafaxine with profound hyponatremia. Eur J Endocrinol. 2025 Jun 30;193(1):179-187. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejendo/lvaf140</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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