2 research outputs found
ESTROGEN-DEPENDENT REGULATION OF SKELETAL MUSCLE MITOCHONDRIA: MECHANISMS AND IMPLICATIONS
No full textObjective: Estrogen is a fundamental sex steroid hormone that not only governs female reproductive physiology but also exerts wide-ranging effects on multiple organ systems, including the cardiovascular, nervous, immune, and musculoskeletal systems. Methods: The fall of estrogen, characteristic of postmenopausal women, has been believed to be one of the strongest players for developing all these problems associated with aging, including cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disorder, metabolic syndrome, osteoporosis, sarcopenia, and frailty [4, 5]. Results: Estrogen exerts its biological actions through its receptors, called estrogen receptors (ERs). Estrogen-related receptors (ERRs: α, β, and γ), orphan nuclear receptors with high structural homology and overlapping transcriptional targets to ERs, have also been implicated in estrogen action [64], [65]. New emerging evidence emphasizes the pivotal involvement of both ERs and ERRs in skeletal muscle biology, such as the regulation of muscle mass, adaptation to exercise, and regeneration. Novelty: This review is highlighted on the the putative regulatory roles of ERs and ERRs exert on skeletal muscle physiology, with special attention in mediating mitochondrial function and metabolic homeostasis
ESTROGEN RECEPTOR DYNAMICS AND THEIR ROLE IN NEUROPSYCHIATRIC PATHWAYS
No full textObjective: Growing evidence highlights that disturbances in estrogen and its signaling pathways are implicated across various psychiatric disorders. Estrogens contribute to essential brain functions, including cognition, memory, neurodevelopment, and neuroplasticity, with recent findings emphasizing their neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties. Method: This review synthesizes findings from cellular, preclinical, and clinical studies examining estrogen receptors in relation to psychiatric disorders, focusing on estrogen receptor activity and signaling. Results: We examine how estrogen signaling influences cognition and neuroprotection by modulating dopaminergic, serotonergic, and glutamatergic pathways and how disruptions in these mechanisms may contribute to psychiatric illnesses. Novelty: We discuss therapeutic approaches targeting estrogen signaling and propose future directions for novel treatment strategies in psychiatry, highlighting the potential of estrogens as therapeutic agents
