Journal of Medical Genetics and Clinical Biology
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ASSESSMENT OF DENTAL IMPLANT STABILITY AND ITS INFLUENCE ON OSSEOINTEGRATION
Full text linkObjective: The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical outcomes of dental implant treatment in patients. Method: A total of 149 implants in 41 patients were observed over five years using a standard two-stage protocol. The study included clinical examination methods, palpation, percussion, dynamometry, and resonance frequency analysis (RFA). Results: An analysis of the relationship between primary and secondary stability of dental implants was conducted. It was found that the insertion torque directly influenced primary stability; however, over six years, secondary stability was compromised in 9 implants (6.1%), leading to their subsequent removal. The mean insertion torque for the removed implants was 39.5 N·cm, which exceeded the mean torque of the stable implants (35.6 N·cm) by 4.1 N·cm. Therefore, a high insertion torque may be a risk factor for impaired osseointegration in the long term. Novelty: There is still no consensus on how primary implant stability affects the process of osseointegration and which primary fixation values increase the risk of its disruption
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE–DRIVEN MACHINE LEARNING IN LABORATORY MEDICINE AND CANCER BIOLOGY: ENHANCING DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY, PROGNOSTIC ASSESSMENT, AND THERAPEUTIC DECISION-MAKING
Full text linkObjective: Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are progressively revolutionizing laboratory medicine and cancer biology by augmenting diagnostic precision, refining prognostic evaluation, and facilitating individualized therapeutic decision-making. The increasing complexity of clinical data, along with ongoing diagnostic errors and variations in treatment outcomes, has made a strong case for integrating AI-driven analytical methods into modern healthcare systems. Method: This discussion examines how AI's role is changing across the diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic continua. It discusses both its clinical impact and the challenges of implementing it. Results: Diagnostic tools powered by AI are very effective at interpreting lab data, medical images, and histopathology. They are often just as accurate and consistent as traditional methods. In oncology, AI-driven prognostic models amalgamate multidimensional datasets, encompassing clinical, imaging, genomic, and proteomic data, to yield more accurate forecasts of disease progression, recurrence, and survival. These features directly support precision medicine by enabling patients to be grouped by risk and treated on an individual basis. AI-powered clinical decision support systems also help doctors choose the best treatment options by combining extensive evidence, real-world outcomes, and patient-specific traits. Novelty: Many AI models are "black boxes," making it hard to understand how they work and reducing doctors' trust in them. Also, differences in infrastructure and resources make it harder to use AI fairly, especially in low- and middle-income countries. To fully realize the potential of AI, it will be essential to deal with ethical, technical, and infrastructure issues. This will lead to better, more efficient, and more patient-centered healthcare
WHAT IS THE ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE OF BACTERIA, MICROBIAL TRANSMISSION, MECHANISMS OF DRUG RESISTANCE, AND ITS CONTROLS: A MINI REVIEW
Full text linkObjective: The overuse and misuse of antibiotics in humans and agriculture is the main causes of antibiotic resistance, which occurs when bacteria evolve to survive antibiotics, making infections more difficult to treat, sometimes impossible, and potentially deadly. Methods: This study utilizes a review and analysis of existing literature on antibiotic resistance, focusing on the mechanisms by which bacteria evolve to survive antibiotics. Key techniques include the examination of molecular biology studies to identify bacterial resistance mechanisms such as drug inactivation, target modification, and efflux pumps. Additionally, observational data on human activity, including antibiotic misuse in both clinical and agricultural settings, are assessed to understand their role in accelerating the development of resistance. Case studies of "superbugs" like MRSA are also reviewed to demonstrate the clinical consequences of antibiotic resistance. Results: As a result, bacteria develop mechanisms like drug inactivation, target modification, or expulsion via efflux pumps, creating "superbugs" like MRSA. Novelty: Human activity speeds up this natural evolutionary process, which poses a serious danger to world health and necessitates careful antibiotic management and cleanliness
AMELIORATIVE EFFECT OF THE METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF SPIROGYRA VARIANS ON HYPERGLYCEMIA AND NEPHROTOXICITY IN MALE RATS INDUCED WITH STREPTOZOTOCIN AND GENTAMICIN
Full text linkSpirogyra varians is a huge green alga that is rich in biological and similar active compounds with various pharmacological elements and recorded their therapeutic potential. This study evaluates the therapeutic efficiency of the methanolic extract of Spirogyra varians obtainable in diabetes and renal failure with an experimentation model in a sampled mices. The alga biomass was obtained, extracted and purified and its chemical elements was examined with the use of albino gas chromatography, mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The experimentation was carried out on the male albino laboratory with rats (200g) which was maintained under measured room and was randomly separated in to experimentation categories which include: (8 rats/group). Diabetes was tempted through streptozotocin (STZ), and nephrotoxicity was tempted with gentamicin (GN). After this process the rats obtained graded an oral dose of the methanolic algal throughout the period of treatment. The findings showed the glucose level was elevated as well as the glucose levels and similarly the insulin levels also decreased to confirm the successful induction of diabetes. The renal function biomarkers which include urea and creatinine indicated an elevation. The isolated groups displayed essential enhancement following algal the administration of extract with does-inclined differences. The renal injury evaluation with the use of kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) discovered an essential enhancement in the treatment groups, though, the effect was not the same across all the administered doses. Oxidative stress markers again indicated reformed levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) this follows the treatment and induction to support the inclusion of antioxidant mechanisms. Generally, the findings present that the methanolic extract of Spirogyra varians uses significant antihyperglycemic and nephroprotective impacts in a diabetic nephropathy model to accompany the improvement in renal function oxidative stress status and biomarkers
ESTROGEN RECEPTOR DYNAMICS AND THEIR ROLE IN NEUROPSYCHIATRIC PATHWAYS
Full text linkObjective: Growing evidence highlights that disturbances in estrogen and its signaling pathways are implicated across various psychiatric disorders. Estrogens contribute to essential brain functions, including cognition, memory, neurodevelopment, and neuroplasticity, with recent findings emphasizing their neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties. Method: This review synthesizes findings from cellular, preclinical, and clinical studies examining estrogen receptors in relation to psychiatric disorders, focusing on estrogen receptor activity and signaling. Results: We examine how estrogen signaling influences cognition and neuroprotection by modulating dopaminergic, serotonergic, and glutamatergic pathways and how disruptions in these mechanisms may contribute to psychiatric illnesses. Novelty: We discuss therapeutic approaches targeting estrogen signaling and propose future directions for novel treatment strategies in psychiatry, highlighting the potential of estrogens as therapeutic agents
SEVERITY LEVEL OF PRIMARY TOOTH CARIES IN CHILDREN WITH MIXED DENTITION: A DESCRIPTIVE CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY AT ASH SHIDDIQ ISLAMIC ELEMENTARY SCHOOL, SIDOARJO
Full text linkObjective: This study aims to determine the severity of primary tooth caries in students of Ash Shiddiq Islamic Elementary School. Methods: This study is a descriptive cross-sectional study involving 68 students aged 6-11 years who are in the mixed dentition phase. Clinical examination was conducted using WHO criteria to measure the def-t index (decayed, exfoliated, filled Teeth). Results: Out of 68 students examined, it was found that all students (100%) had caries experience with a def-t score ranging from 1-18 (mean 4.78 ± 3.44). The decayed component (d) was dominant with an average of 3.88, followed by exfoliated (e) 0.87, and filled (f) 0.03. The severity level distribution shows that 42.65% of students have mild severity (n=29), 30.88% have moderate severity (n=21), and 26.47% have severe severity (n=18). Novelty: The severity of caries in children in the mixed dentition phase ranges from moderate to severe, with a predominance of teeth that have not received restorative treatment. These results emphasize the need for comprehensive preventive and educational intervention programs to control the development of caries during this critical phase
A COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF TWO ANTIDIABETIC MEDICATION ON GLUCOSE LEVEL LIPID PROFILE AND CBC IN A RAT MODEL WITH TYPE II DIABETES MELLITUS
Full text linkObjective: Glycemic control is still the most important aspect of T2DM treatment sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, empagliflozin, and metformin therapy is effective and well tolerated in patients with T2DM and is the first of the several recommended treatment options. Since empagliflozin is poorly studied solely or in comparison with metformin, the current study aims to compare the influence of these drugs on glycemic levels individually in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). this study aimed to evaluate both medication effects on the Lipid profile, glycemic level and CBC in comparison with control groups of the animals experimental. Method: The study was a quantitative experimental investigation (cross-sectional study) that contrasted the influence of metformin and empagliflozin on the short-term glycemic level. This study included an animal Experiment, forty healthy, Swiss male albino rats of approximately (10–12 weeks old) with weights of (150–200 g) were used in this research. The Induction of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus was performed through hyperlipidemia and insulin resistant model which was developed using the high fat and high sugar diet. Blood samples were analysed for basic and advanced investigations. electrochemiluminescence (E.C.L.) technology was used for immunoassay analysis to measure Lipid profile, Fasting blood glucose level, and Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) Test. Results: The results of the animal’s experiment showed that the RBC number decreased significantly in rats-DM II group C treated with empagliflozin compared to the group A & B, the RBC decreased by 18% in group C, and 8% in Group B respectively. The blood sugar level decreased significantly in rats-DM II group B treated with metformin and in group C treated with empagliflozin compared to group A who was untreated, sugar levels decreased by 43% in Group B, and 35 % in group C respectively. results also showed a significant decrease in triglyceride concentration was observed in both treated diabetic rats groups (B&C) compared; the triglyceride level in the nontreated group (A) was, however, reduced by 44% in the diabetic treated with 500 mg/kg metformin and 40% in the diabetic treated with 10 mg/kg empagliflozin. Novelty: Metformin and empagliflozin have been shown through clinical studies an improve in the lowering of blood glucose. Both medications significantly improved glycemic control and lipid profile
USE OF DENTAL IMPLANTATION IN THE TREATMENT OF GENERALIZED PATHOLOGICAL TOOTH WEAR WITH DENTAL ARCH DEFECTS
Full text linkObjective: This article presents a comprehensive approach to the treatment of patients with generalized pathological tooth wear complicated by dental arch defects. Method: When planning therapy, the patient’s overall health, age, and the activity of the pathological process were taken into account. Restoration of the anatomical shape of teeth and replacement of dental arch defects were performed using prosthetic constructions supported by dental implants. Implant placement was carried out when sufficient bone volume was available and there was no need for bone augmentation. Results: During the first month after implantation, a decrease in the stability of the bone–implant interface was observed. In the second and third months, implant stability gradually increased, reaching its maximum after one year, indicating remodeling of the bone tissue around the implant. Novelty: This article presents a comprehensive approach to the treatment of patients with generalized pathological tooth wear complicated by dental arch defects
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GROWTH FACTORS VEGF, PDGF AND PRO-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES IN DIABETIC ULCERS
Full text linkObjective: The currenThe goal of research is to to test the blood levels in the peripheral areas of TNF-a, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), in addition vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and examine their connection to the duration and severity of the infection, thus providing diagnostic proof for the prompt detection and management of diabetic patients. Method: Patients 50 involve men (n=25) and women (n=25) of both sexes, ages 31 to 71, with type 2 diabetes mellitus were included in this study. To act as controls, a cohort of 50 healthy persons involve men (n=25) and wemen (n=25) were matched by sex and age was chosen from the same population. Both patients and controls had around 3 milliliters of venous blood drawn. To separate the serum for the ELISA. Results: The results revealed the serum concentrations of TNF-α, was (49.85 ± 7.06) in infection group at p<0.05, while mean of TNF-α was (28.68 ± 6.44) in the non-infection group. The results show there were significantly higher in patients with Diabetic Ulcers contrasted to the non-infected team, at p<0.05. The serum levels of PDGF and VEGF in patients were (60.81 ± 6.82) and (9.81 ± 3.68) respectively showed significantly higher in patients compared to the non-infection group, at (P<0.05). Novelty: The concentration of these factors may serve as potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers for monitoring the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers
TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR ASSOCIATED IMMUNOMODULATORY CHANGES IN STAPHYLOCOCCAL URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS IN PREGNANT WOMEN
Full text linkObjective: Urinary tract infection is the most common type of bacterial infection during pregnancy, and not treating it leads to serious complications for the mother and fetus. Then, the percentage of pathogenic causes of urinary tract infections was investigated according to the stage of pregnancy, age and miscarriage. The immune protein Toll-like receptors 4 (TLRs-4) level was also measured in the sera of infected and healthy pregnant women using ELISA technology. Method: The current study included collecting 110 urine and blood samples, 88 samples from pregnant women with urinary tract infections and 22 samples from healthy pregnant women as control samples who visited the Maternity, Gynecology and Children's Hospital in Kirkuk, Iraq during the period from 6/1/2024 to 1/1/2025 with ages ranging from 18–50 years. Results: The results showed that the highest incidence of urinary tract infections was in the third trimester of pregnancy at 50% and in the age group 18–29 years at 60%, and the lowest incidence was in the first trimester of pregnancy at 17% and in the age group 40–50 years at 12%. The number of pregnant women infected with the disease who had miscarriages was higher than those who did not have miscarriages at 78% and 22%, respectively. The bacterial culture results showed that 60 urine samples gave positive growth and five types of staphylococcus. Staphylococcus aureus was prevalent at 42%, while Staphylococcus hominis and Staphylococcus haemolyticus were 5% and 3%, respectively. Chloramphenicol was 100% effective, whereas Ampicillin showed 100% resistance. TLRs-4 levels were higher in infected pregnant women, especially in cases caused by Staphylococcus aureus, with no significant differences. Novelty: The study correlates trimester, age, miscarriage rate, bacterial profile, antibiotic sensitivity, and TLRs-4 levels in pregnant women with urinary tract infections within a single clinical investigation