1,721,025 research outputs found
Food Resilience in Rural Area
No full textabstract in englishABSTRACT\ud
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Food Resilience in Rural Area\ud
(A Case study In Tambassa Village Makassar)\ud
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By : Ismartoyo, M.Sc. in National Resilience, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta\ud
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This research was aimed to investigate the level of household food security in Tambassa village, Makassar, South Sulawesi. The investigation was mainly focused on the food supply, food accessibility, food utilization, and the food consumption in connection with the national standard of food consumption recommended by government. The research was conducted in August 2009 until October 2009. Survey method was used to collect primary data as well as secondary data based on questioner to interview 30 household in Tambassa village. Descriptively analysis was employed to obtain a scientific conclusion of the research.\ud
The result of this research indicated that the level of food security of household in the village of Tambassa was very high. The average food consumption of energy and protein of household in Tambassa were higher than that of national standard recommended by government of Indonesia. The level of the food security was closely correlated with food consumption, purchasing ability which influenced by household income, job availability, level of education of father as well as mother in each of household. One strategy employed by household was to get extra job available during their spare time in order to increase their income and to improve their accessibility to food and to finally improve their quality of life. \ud
It is concluded that the level of food security of household in Tambassa village was very high. The level of food security determined the level of food consumption which is affected by household income, availability of job, and the level of education. However, it is important to note that the cause of food insecurity is not only determined by the degree of food supply it self, but it may also be caused by the lack of a good governance implementation, food distribution, and the effort in empowering the society. Hence, the issues of food security and the public policy are both important in improving a household food security in rural area. \ud
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Key Words : Food Security, Food Consumption, Household, Rural Area
Ketahanan Pangan Wilayah Pedesaan
No full textabstract in englishABSTRACT\ud
\ud
Food Resilience in Rural Area\ud
(A Case study In Tambassa Village Makassar)\ud
\ud
By : Ismartoyo, M.Sc. in National Resilience, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta\ud
\ud
This research was aimed to investigate the level of household food security in Tambassa village, Makassar, South Sulawesi. The investigation was mainly focused on the food supply, food accessibility, food utilization, and the food consumption in connection with the national standard of food consumption recommended by government. The research was conducted in August 2009 until October 2009. Survey method was used to collect primary data as well as secondary data based on questioner to interview 30 household in Tambassa village. Descriptively analysis was employed to obtain a scientific conclusion of the research.\ud
The result of this research indicated that the level of food security of household in the village of Tambassa was very high. The average food consumption of energy and protein of household in Tambassa were higher than that of national standard recommended by government of Indonesia. The level of the food security was closely correlated with food consumption, purchasing ability which influenced by household income, job availability, level of education of father as well as mother in each of household. One strategy employed by household was to get extra job available during their spare time in order to increase their income and to improve their accessibility to food and to finally improve their quality of life. \ud
It is concluded that the level of food security of household in Tambassa village was very high. The level of food security determined the level of food consumption which is affected by household income, availability of job, and the level of education. However, it is important to note that the cause of food insecurity is not only determined by the degree of food supply it self, but it may also be caused by the lack of a good governance implementation, food distribution, and the effort in empowering the society. Hence, the issues of food security and the public policy are both important in improving a household food security in rural area. \ud
__________________________________________________________________\ud
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Key Words : Food Security, Food Consumption, Household, Rural Area
Lablab purpureus SEED AS A SUPPLEMENT FOR GOATS FED LOW QUALITY ROUGHAGE
No full textAsian Australasian Journal of Anima Sciences (AJAS), Vol 6 No.4:515-519, December 1993 ISSN 1011-2367ABSTRACT\ud
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Lablab Purpureus seed as a supplement for goats fed roughage diets\ud
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By : Ismartoyo, M.Agr.S. in Ruminant Nutrition, Melbourne University, Australia\ud
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The aim of this study was to investigate the intake, digestibility and liveweight gain of goats fed various levels of the seed of the tropical grain legume Lablab purpureus as a supplement for a low quality roughage diet. Growth performance, intake and digestibility were examined over a 6 week experimental period. A digestibility trial was conducted in week 5. Twenty-five goats were housed indoors in metabolism crates and were divided into five treatment groups.\ud
The five diets offered were T1 = roughage alone, T2 = roughage + 0.3 % liveweight (LW) Lablab, T3 = roughage + 0.6 % LW Lablab, T4 = roughage + 1.2 % LW Lablab and T5 = roughage + 1.2 % LW lupin seeds. The roughage, which consisted of a mixture of equal parts of pasture hay and oat straw, was offered ad I/b/turn. The amounts of Lablab and lupin supplements given were on an air dry basis.\ud
The goats consumed all the offered Lablab purpureus seed and lupin seed supplement. The DM intake of roughage of goats fed diet T4 was 390 g/d, and was significantly (P<0.01) lower than that of T1 (600 g/d), T2 (517 g/d), T3 (595 g/d) and T5 (513 gld), which were not significantly (P>0.05) different. Total intakes of goats fed diets T4 (639 g/d), T1 (600 g/d) and T2 (572 g/d) or of T3 and T4 were not significantly (P>0.05) different. However, T3 and T5 were significantly (P<0.01) higher in total intake than that of T1.\ud
The OM digestibilities of diets T4 (67.4 %) and T5 (66.3 %) were significantly (P<0.01) higher than that of T1 (58.5 %). Diets T2 (61.9 %), T3 (63.2 %), T4 and T5 were not significantly (P>0.05) different. There were no differences (P>0.05) between the treatment means for neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) digestibilities. However, the NDF and ADF digestibilities of T4 tended to be lower than that of the other treatment diets. The apparent N digestibilities of supplemented diets T2 (54.9 %), T3 (57.6 %), T4 (73.2 %) and T5 (69.0 %) were significantly (P<0.01) higher than that of the unsupplemented diet T1 (37.8 %). This is probably an artifact of the total N intake. The N intakes and N balance were also increased by the supplementation. The N balance of T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 were i.8 g/d, 3.6 g/d, 5.7 g/d, 8.6 g/d and 7.6 g/d, respectively. Liveweight gain of goats fed diet T4 was 32 g/d, significantly (P<0.05) lower than that of T1 (64 g/d), T2 (66 g/d), T3 (76 g/d) and T5 (77 g/d). The feed conversion ratio for T4 was significantly higher than that of the other diets. The d-xylose absorption test indicated that intestinal absorptive capacity of goats given diet T4 tended to be less than that of T1.\ud
In conclusion, supplementation with untreated Lablab purpureus seed at up to 0.6 % LW significantly increased N digestibilities and tended to increase LW gain of goats, and there was no indication of any negative effects of anti-nutritional factors up to this level. Supplementation with Lablab purpureus seea at 1 .2 % LW significantly decreased the roughage intake and LW gain of the goats, presumably due to the presence of anti-nutritional factors in the Lablab purpureus seed.\ud
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Keywords : Lablab Purpureus, Feed Supplement, Roughage, Goats
NUTRITIVE VALUE OF LABLAB PURPUREUS GRAIN FOR SHEEP AND GOATS
No full textProceedings Scientific PapersABSTRACT\ud
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Lablab Purpureus seed as a supplement for goats fed roughage diets\ud
\ud
By : Ismartoyo, M.Agr.S. in Ruminant Nutrition, Melbourne University, Australia\ud
\ud
The aim of this study was to investigate the intake, digestibility and liveweight gain of goats fed various levels of the seed of the tropical grain legume Lablab purpureus as a supplement for a low quality roughage diet. Growth performance, intake and digestibility were examined over a 6 week experimental period. A digestibility trial was conducted in week 5. Twenty-five goats were housed indoors in metabolism crates and were divided into five treatment groups.\ud
The five diets offered were T1 = roughage alone, T2 = roughage + 0.3 % liveweight (LW) Lablab, T3 = roughage + 0.6 % LW Lablab, T4 = roughage + 1.2 % LW Lablab and T5 = roughage + 1.2 % LW lupin seeds. The roughage, which consisted of a mixture of equal parts of pasture hay and oat straw, was offered ad I/b/turn. The amounts of Lablab and lupin supplements given were on an air dry basis.\ud
The goats consumed all the offered Lablab purpureus seed and lupin seed supplement. The DM intake of roughage of goats fed diet T4 was 390 g/d, and was significantly (P<0.01) lower than that of T1 (600 g/d), T2 (517 g/d), T3 (595 g/d) and T5 (513 gld), which were not significantly (P>0.05) different. Total intakes of goats fed diets T4 (639 g/d), T1 (600 g/d) and T2 (572 g/d) or of T3 and T4 were not significantly (P>0.05) different. However, T3 and T5 were significantly (P<0.01) higher in total intake than that of T1.\ud
The OM digestibilities of diets T4 (67.4 %) and T5 (66.3 %) were significantly (P<0.01) higher than that of T1 (58.5 %). Diets T2 (61.9 %), T3 (63.2 %), T4 and T5 were not significantly (P>0.05) different. There were no differences (P>0.05) between the treatment means for neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) digestibilities. However, the NDF and ADF digestibilities of T4 tended to be lower than that of the other treatment diets. The apparent N digestibilities of supplemented diets T2 (54.9 %), T3 (57.6 %), T4 (73.2 %) and T5 (69.0 %) were significantly (P<0.01) higher than that of the unsupplemented diet T1 (37.8 %). This is probably an artifact of the total N intake. The N intakes and N balance were also increased by the supplementation. The N balance of T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 were i.8 g/d, 3.6 g/d, 5.7 g/d, 8.6 g/d and 7.6 g/d, respectively. Liveweight gain of goats fed diet T4 was 32 g/d, significantly (P<0.05) lower than that of T1 (64 g/d), T2 (66 g/d), T3 (76 g/d) and T5 (77 g/d). The feed conversion ratio for T4 was significantly higher than that of the other diets. The d-xylose absorption test indicated that intestinal absorptive capacity of goats given diet T4 tended to be less than that of T1.\ud
In conclusion, supplementation with untreated Lablab purpureus seed at up to 0.6 % LW significantly increased N digestibilities and tended to increase LW gain of goats, and there was no indication of any negative effects of anti-nutritional factors up to this level. Supplementation with Lablab purpureus seea at 1 .2 % LW significantly decreased the roughage intake and LW gain of the goats, presumably due to the presence of anti-nutritional factors in the Lablab purpureus seed.\ud
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Keywords : Lablab Purpureus, Feed Supplement, Roughage, Goats
Lablab Purpureus seed as a supplement for goats fed roughage diets
No full textABSTRACT\ud
\ud
Lablab Purpureus seed as a supplement for goats fed roughage diets\ud
\ud
By : Ismartoyo, M.Agr.S. in Ruminant Nutrition, Melbourne University, Australia\ud
\ud
The aim of this study was to investigate the intake, digestibility and liveweight gain of goats fed various levels of the seed of the tropical grain legume Lablab purpureus as a supplement for a low quality roughage diet. Growth performance, intake and digestibility were examined over a 6 week experimental period. A digestibility trial was conducted in week 5. Twenty-five goats were housed indoors in metabolism crates and were divided into five treatment groups.\ud
The five diets offered were T1 = roughage alone, T2 = roughage + 0.3 % liveweight (LW) Lablab, T3 = roughage + 0.6 % LW Lablab, T4 = roughage + 1.2 % LW Lablab and T5 = roughage + 1.2 % LW lupin seeds. The roughage, which consisted of a mixture of equal parts of pasture hay and oat straw, was offered ad I/b/turn. The amounts of Lablab and lupin supplements given were on an air dry basis.\ud
The goats consumed all the offered Lablab purpureus seed and lupin seed supplement. The DM intake of roughage of goats fed diet T4 was 390 g/d, and was significantly (P<0.01) lower than that of T1 (600 g/d), T2 (517 g/d), T3 (595 g/d) and T5 (513 gld), which were not significantly (P>0.05) different. Total intakes of goats fed diets T4 (639 g/d), T1 (600 g/d) and T2 (572 g/d) or of T3 and T4 were not significantly (P>0.05) different. However, T3 and T5 were significantly (P<0.01) higher in total intake than that of T1.\ud
The OM digestibilities of diets T4 (67.4 %) and T5 (66.3 %) were significantly (P<0.01) higher than that of T1 (58.5 %). Diets T2 (61.9 %), T3 (63.2 %), T4 and T5 were not significantly (P>0.05) different. There were no differences (P>0.05) between the treatment means for neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) digestibilities. However, the NDF and ADF digestibilities of T4 tended to be lower than that of the other treatment diets. The apparent N digestibilities of supplemented diets T2 (54.9 %), T3 (57.6 %), T4 (73.2 %) and T5 (69.0 %) were significantly (P<0.01) higher than that of the unsupplemented diet T1 (37.8 %). This is probably an artifact of the total N intake. The N intakes and N balance were also increased by the supplementation. The N balance of T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 were i.8 g/d, 3.6 g/d, 5.7 g/d, 8.6 g/d and 7.6 g/d, respectively. Liveweight gain of goats fed diet T4 was 32 g/d, significantly (P<0.05) lower than that of T1 (64 g/d), T2 (66 g/d), T3 (76 g/d) and T5 (77 g/d). The feed conversion ratio for T4 was significantly higher than that of the other diets. The d-xylose absorption test indicated that intestinal absorptive capacity of goats given diet T4 tended to be less than that of T1.\ud
In conclusion, supplementation with untreated Lablab purpureus seed at up to 0.6 % LW significantly increased N digestibilities and tended to increase LW gain of goats, and there was no indication of any negative effects of anti-nutritional factors up to this level. Supplementation with Lablab purpureus seea at 1 .2 % LW significantly decreased the roughage intake and LW gain of the goats, presumably due to the presence of anti-nutritional factors in the Lablab purpureus seed.\ud
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Keywords : Lablab Purpureus, Feed Supplement, Roughage, Goats
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Studies in vitro and in vivo on the nutritive value of whole cottonseed (Gossypium Sp) for sheep
No full textABSTRACT\ud
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Studies in vitro and in vivo on the nutritive value of whole cottonseed (Gossypium sp.) for sheep\ud
By : Ismartoyo, Ph.D. in Ruminant Nutrition, Aberdeen University, Scotland, United Kingdom\ud
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A series of investigations was undertaken to investigate the nutritive value of whole cottonseed (WCS), rumen microbial degradation of oilseeds and legume seeds, and the effects of gossypol on rumen microbial fermentation in vitro and in vivo. An HPLC method was developed for the analysis of gossypol concentrations in WCS and in rumen liquor.\ud
Six oilseeds namely WCS (Gossypium sp.), mustard seed (Brassica sp.), linseed (Linum sp.) and three cultivars of rape seeds (Brassica spp.) (cv. Bienvenu, cv. Libravo and cv. Samourai) were incubated with rumen contents in consecutive batch culture (CBC) and examined for their microbial DM degradation and fermentability. Another selection of legume seeds namely narbon seed (Vicia narbonensis), mungbean seed (Phaseolus aureus), two cultivars of cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata), and lablab seed (Lablab purpureus) (cv. Highworth) were also examined. \ud
The oilseeds showed lower DM losses, gas production and volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentration than the legume seeds. WCS was consistently had low fermentation characteristics in CBC. However, removal of fat content from WCS did not improve the microbial fermentation suggesting that the fat content was not the primary factor which contributed to the low fermentation of WCS in CBC.\ud
Mixed rumen microbes appeared to adapt to prolonged exposure to gossypol [2,2'-bi(8-Formyl-1,6,7 trihydroxy-5-isopropyl-3-methyl napthalene)] in CBC. In contrast fractionated rumen bacteria did not appear to adapt to the prolonged exposure of gossypol (1 mM) in culture. The depression in the DM loss of grass hay (GH) treated gossypol suggested that the activity of cellulolytic bacteria might be severely affected by gossypol. The presence of gossypol at concentrations of 1 to 10 mM resulted in the death of 50 to 75% of the rumen ciliates when GH served as substrate. The decrease in DM losses of GH was inversely correlated with the gas produced and the concentrations of gossypol. The attachment the rumen fungus Neocallimastix frontalis strain RE1 to cellulose and cellulolysis by this fungus were also inhibited by the presence of gossypol in culture. Gossypol at a concentration of 20 *M resulted in a depression of growth, multiplication, protein content of cells, and the death of some cells in culture. It is thought that gossypol may react with protein and phospholipid of cell membranes. Gossypol may also bind with components of the medium such as protein, lipid and minerals which reduce the availability of nutrients for cell growth.\ud
Dietary supplementation of WCS at 500g d-1 (0.37 of the diet) depressed DM, NDF and ADF digestibility and total counts of rumen fungi, rumen protozoa Polyplastron sp. and Diploplastron sp. in the rumen of sheep. Total counts of the rumen microbes returned to initial levels 3 weeks after the end of the experiment when a normal basal diet without WCS was fed. The concentrations of gossypol ('unbound' and 'acetone-soluble bound' gossypol) in WCS was 1.93 g kg-1. The unbound gossypol in the rumen of sheep fed WCS was considered very low (possibly below 0.5 ???g ml-1). It was thought that most of the dietary free gossypol may have been bound in the rumen. \ud
It was concluded from this study that gossypol affects the numbers of rumen protozoa (the apparent reduction on the numbers of rumen protozoa in the rumen of sheep fed WCS suggests that WCS might be utilised as antiprotozoal agent to modify the composition of rumen microbes and the fermentation) and fungi, but was not the only factor influencing the low degradability and fermentability of WCS. Other factors such as fat, fibre, fractions within fibre, and the presence of other antinutrient such as tannins, and pigments in WCS and/or combination of these factors may have contributed to the low fermentation in vitro and in vivo of WCS. Although of high nutrient value, the results suggest that inclusion of WCS in the diet of sheep at 500 g d-1 (0.37 of the diet) altered the patterns of digestion and the composition of rumen microbes in the rumen. Despite of the fact that rumen microbes appeared to adapt to gossypol in culture, prolonged feeding of WCS may cause detrimental effects on rumen microbes.\ud
Keywords : Whole cottonseed, Grass Hay, In Vitro, In Sacco, In Vivo, Nutritive value, Shee
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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