1,721,659 research outputs found
The role of the accused in English and Islamic criminal justice
Full text linkThis thesis is a comparative study of the role of the accused in the systems of
English and Islamic criminal justice. It seeks to explore the underlying
relationship between the individual and the state through an historical, structural
and contextual analysis of their rules relating to questioning and of confessions.
The analysis of the English system covers the period 1800 to 1984, with
particular reference to developments during the nineteenth century when the
foundations for the modern English state were established. The analysis of the
Islamic system combines traditionally Islamic and modern methods, assessing the
"Islamisation" movement in Malaysia through a religico-structural understanding
of juristic opinion from the four main schools of Sunnite jurisprudence.
The thesis contributes to existing knowledge on a number of levels: first, it
questions and revises the "myth" of "progress" that has dominated observations
of the history of the English criminal justice system; second, it elucidates the
relationship between Islamic law in theory and the law that is applied and
proposed in its name in Muslim states; third, it provides an analytical framework
for drawing comparisons between the underlying values of the systems of English
and Islamic criminal justice.
While acknowledging fundamental differences in terms of outlook and
articulation, the author concludes there are important similarities expressed
through such notions as "suspect" in the English system and "kafir"I"fasiq" in the
Islamic. These act as intermediate constitutional categories to whom the state
owe less protection. But the author notes also that these similarities are not
observed necessarily in the "law" which is implemented or proposed in Muslim
states; exact correspondence depends upon the over-arching political structure
and the institution of Caliphate.
The thesis is divided into six chapters: chapter one sets out the conventional view
of the historical development of English criminal procedure and evidence;
chapter two subjects that to a critique and chapter three offers a revised thesis.
Chapter four, explores methods for interpreting and explaining Islam; chapter
five sets out rules relating to confessions and questioning according to the four
Sunni schools; chapter six puts them into "context" through an examination of
the "Islamisation" process in Malaysia
Linguistic and extra-linguistic problems in the translation of the Holy Qur'an
No full textThis thesis is the first to study the English
translations of the : Holy Qur'an, and is mainly concerned
with the translators' approach in handling
the linguistic (lexical & syntactic) , and extra-linguistic
(variant readings & cultural ) problems of the text.
The works that are the subject of the study
are those of six English translators (Sale, Rodwell,
Palmer, Pickthall, Bell, and Arberry), as well as one
of a non-English Muslim translator from Pakistan (Maulana
Muhammad Ali).
The translators' renderings of the problematic
instances are compared with) the expositions of the
exegetes (whom the translators have been familiar with),
in order to investigate the commentators' influence
on the translators. The similarities between the
translators' renderings are also checked to find out
the degree of dependence between the translators.
The translators are found to be heavily reliant on
the exegetes. The degree of dependence between the
translators is found to be considerable. Some problems
have been resolved by means of- the context (i.e. the
text as a whole); whereas others are left unresolved.
The translations that have been studied are closer to
commentaries than the text. The main conclusion is
that the Holy Qur’an is untranslatable in the strict sense
Qur'anic narrative and Isra'iliyyat in Western scholarship and in classical exegesis
Full text linkThe main subject of this thesis is twofold. On the one hand it analyses how the Qur'an presents stories, on the other hand it examines the classical Muslim commentators' response to the Qur'anic narration.
In part one we remark that the theory that the Qur'an borrowed extensively from the Bible has clouded the vision of many Western scholars. They explained the Qur'anic narratives in accordance with their preconceptions; only a few emancipated themselves from this prejudice, but some of these scholars were sensitive to the literary qualities of the Qur'anic narrative. Adopting their general approach to the Qur'anic narrative we analyse the Qur'anic narrative of the 'golden calf' episode. Here we invite the reader to step into the textual world of the Qur'an in order to appreciate its otherness. At the same time we try to show the internal coherence among the verses (and also among the surahs) to remove the assumption of the incoherence of the Qur'an which has veiled much of its literary excellence from view. In addition, this study gives us an opportunity to appreciate one of the most neglected aspects of the Qur'anic narratives, namely the relationship between the oral recitation and the written characters of the Qur'an. The written text lacks the contextual richness provided by the oral dimension for it cannot convey intonation, emphasis, and so on, but the transcription of the spoken word displays the relationship of sound and meaning within
the surahs or verses together with special emphasis upon phonological effects.
The first chapter of part two is designed to provide a general overview of the notion of isrä'iliyyät, taking into account the opinions held by both Muslim and non-
Muslim authorities. We raise two important questions regarding this technical term
When did the technical term isra'iliyyät come into general use?
Who first used it critically?
To answer these questions we analyse the commentaries of eight exegetes together with some qisas works on the 'golden calf and 'heavenly table' episodes. It is clear
that, in contrast to the view held by many Muslim and non-Muslim scholars, the technical usage of this term is a late development. Another important conclusion derived from our analysis of classical exegesis is that the commentators who use this term themselves depend on isra'iliyyät in several respects. In other words, their theory,is not in agreement with their practice. Furthermore, there are commentators who do not use the term isra'iliyyät and consistently seek to distance themselves from these reports. They also try to minimise the amount of these reports in their tafsir. According to this research, Ibn Atiyya was the first to pay more attention to the implausibility of this type of report, two centuries before Ibn Kathir's critical exegesis
Nur-i-Afshan V.54 no.35 August 1926
No full textContents: G̲h̲azal [Poetry] - Barsāt [Poetry] by Minat, Ke. En. - Pādrī ʻAbdulḥaq ṣāḥab Ḵh̲ānqāh Ḍogrāṉ meṉ [Article] - Masīḥī qurbānī aur kafārah [Article] - Taḥqīq Āriyāh [Article] by Ḥashmatulláh - Insān-i kāmil yā maẓhar-i K̲h̲udā aur paīg̱ẖām-i ṣulaḥ Lāhūr [Article] by Sult̤ān Muḥammad Afg̱ẖān - ʻĪsá aur Parbhū [Article] by K̲h̲ān̲, Em. Ke. - Azālah ḥas̲iyat ʻurfī kā aīk dilcasp muqadamah [News] - Rīviyū : hamārī Bā’ībal aur muslim ʻulamāʼ - K̲h̲abrain̲ [News] - Taz̲kirah masīḥī shuʻarāʼ Hind [Article] - Dars-i rashk [News] - Siyālkoṭ Kanvanshan [News]
This volume of Nur-i-Afshan published weekly on Fridays from Lahore
Acute effect of self-myofascial release using rolling bar on lower limb flexibility among adolescents / Muhammad Aizuddin Ismail
Full text linkThe purpose of this study is to investigate the acute effect of self-myofascial release (SMR)
using rolling bar on lower limb flexibility among adolescents. A total of twenty- four subjects
(N=24) from Sekolah Sukan Seberang Temerloh, Pahang were selected through purposive
sampling. The study compared the result of pre-test and post-test of sit and reach test before
and after applying the treatment of self-myofascial release using rolling bar. All of the subjects
will perform two trials for each test. They will perform sit and reach test for the pre-test and
directly apply the treatment of self-myofascial release using rolling bar, and then immediately
do the post-test for sit and reach test. Sit and reach box is the instrument used to measure the
distance of hand reach. This study used Paired Sample T-test for the data analysis. There is a
significant effect of the hypothesis testing for the sit and reach between pre-test and post-test
which is M = 2.2500, SD = .3040). To conclude, this finding suggests self-myofascial release
using rolling bar produce significant acute effect on lower limb flexibility
The application of semantics to the translation of pre-Islamic poetry: with special reference to the 'Mu'allaqa' of Imru al-Qays
No full textThis thesis, to the best of our knowledge, is the first attempt to
apply semantics to the translation of pre-Islamic poetry. But this is a
thorny path. This poetry is some of the most ambiguous, confusing,
disorganized and perfunctorily investigated in the whole of Arabic
literature. The Mucallaga of Imru'al-Qays, our subject of study, the
crowning achievement of this poetry, is in an even worse case. The
principal problem which confronts the researcher as well as the
translator is the usual one of how best to bridge the cultural gulf of
both time and place, to set this Mucallaga in its cultural context so
as to understand its theme, and achieve the same communicative effect
of the text in translation. Commentaries and lexicons are of. little
help here, because their main interest is the denotation of single
words of this Mucallaga rather than in its organic unity. The setting
of this Mucallaga in its Semitic literary context would cast some light
on its essential theme and hence open new horizons for further comprehensive
research in this field. This is the task we embarked upon in
Chapter 1.
Confronted with fifteen main commentaries, and two English translations
of this Mucallaga, we have resorted to the current semantic
theories in the hope that in one of them we would find a happy solution
to the problem of translating these commentaries, or at'least help in
organizing them systematically. Much to our dismay, however, the bulky
literature on this subject bequeathed to us a welter of controversial
theories, perhaps because semantics is quite a new branch of linguistics.
These contradictory theories have been presented to demonstrate the
difficulty of adopting any one particular semantic theory. Nonetheless,
certain structural semantic relationships have been found to be of
highly significant application.
This, and particularly the structural semantic-relationships as
well as their employment throughout this thesis have been discussed in
Chapter II.
A theory of translation necessarily overlaps with a theory of
semantics. Chapter II made it clear that the help we might have
expected from semantics is but a pipe-dream. Instead of bemoaning,
philological, linguistic and socio-linguistic approaches to the theory
and practice of translation have been suggested. In Chapter III these
approaches have been demonstrated and applied to the translations of
(J. ) and (A. ) who, owing to the ambiguity of the text, have resorted to
the commentaries - appendices of which have been attached.
It has been concluded that the full translation of this Mucallaqa
is almost impossible because of the myriad phonological, semantic and
cultural problems. However, it has been argued that the development of
a more comprehensive semantic theory upon which an eclectic theory of
translation could depend, and a more profound and accurate investigation
of the essential theme of this Mucallaga would get rid of a lot of the
problems of research and translation
Nur-i-Afshan V.54 no.23 June 1926
No full textContents: Garmī [Poetry] by Minat, Ke. En. - Allahābādī muhim [Article] by Sult̤ān Muḥammad Afg̱ẖān - Daryā Ganj Dihlī men̲ Masīḥī kī k̲h̲dmat kā shuhrah āfāq [Article] by K̲h̲urshīd ʻĀlam - Lāʼilpūr Carc pulpaṭ [Article] by Vazīr Cand - Main̲ t̤abīb se milnā cāhtā hun̲ [Article] by K̲h̲ān̲, Em. Ke. - Kānfarans ke pese vāle log nahīn mānte [Article] - Panḍit maulvī aur masīḥī mishan [Article] - Panjāb yūniyan ke Sanḍe Skūl va Kriscan Inḍivar ke sālānah ijlās Ludhiyānah men̲ [Article] - Kalārkābād [News] - K̲h̲abrain̲ [News] - Gunāh ke muqāble men̲ K̲h̲udā ke kalām kā istimāl [Article]
This volume of Nur-i-Afshan published weekly on Fridays from Lahore
Astrology in literature: how the prohibited became permissible in the Arabic poetry of the mediaeval period
Full text linkThis thesis is concerned to position the art of astrology within the context of classical Arabic poetry, primarily by investigating and elucidating attitudes to the notion of
qadar (fate) and the ideology in which it was embedded. These attitudes were revelatory of the broader world view of the Arabs of those periods, and their shifts from those held in the pre-Islamic and early Islamic eras tell us a good deal about the importance given to the nature and role of fate and about the various understandings of its influence. The pre-Islamic Arab's notion of qadar was in some ways similar to that of the early Muslims: both emphasised predetermination and the irresistible power of fate. But while the jahilf (Pre-Islamic) Arabs identified fate with the malign power of dahr (Time), the Muslims believed the power of fate lies in the hands of God the
Omnipotent, who alone is responsible for the fate of the whole universe. Thus the astrology of the pre-Islamic era was one aspect of divination (kihana) and claimed to be
able to reveal in advance an individual's destiny, which could be avoided by taking certain precautions. These precautions, however, were considered effective only in
relatively trivial cases; they were useless in the areas of major impact: a person's happiness or misery (shaqiiwa aw sa ada), sustenance (rizq) and one's term (ajal), the
three inevitable and irresistible manifestations of fate. In the Islamic period not only these major aspects of life are governed and controlled by the Omnipotent; the destiny
of the universe, in even its most minute details, is determined and controlled by God alone. Astrology was considered to be of no value whatsoever, and its practitioners were subject to the death penalty. These two irreconcilable views are evident in early Islamic poetry, which reflected clearly the response of poets, and society, to astrology from the perspective of qadar.
When the orthodox caliphate was replaced by dynastic rule the status of astrology was changed dramatically. The idea that the stars, as indicators, play a role in the life of
human beings found popowerful supporters in some governors of the Islamic world, who allowed astrology to fulfil a public function regardless of the hostility of the official
religion of that society. This social phenomenon generated rich material of a controversial character in the realm of literature. Investigating the factors, motivations
and impact of mediaeval political, theological and philosophical attitudes to astrology, in relation to the notions of free will and predestination, is the concern of this study
Nur-i-Afshan V.54 no.09 February 1926
No full textContents: Āftāb [Poetry] by Minat, Ke. En. - Duniyā meṉ koʼī kyā ban kar rahe [Poetry] by Bhanoṭ, Pī. En. - Kaifiyat mubāḥisah Siyālkoṭ aur paīg̲h̲ām-i ṣulaḥ Lāhūr [Article] - Yasuʼ Masīḥ aur masīḥiyat [Article] - Khanḍāvā masīḥī āshram [Article] - Kyā masīḥiyat ̒Alamgīr mazhab he [Article] by Barkatullāh - Sahāranpūr kanvanshan [News] - Pādrī ʻAbdulḥaq ṣāḥab Minṭgumrī men̲ [Article] by K̲h̲ān̲, Em. Ke. - Ṣāḥibān phir sunīʼe [News] - Taṣḥīf al-taḥrīf [Article] by Vāʻẓ - Rīvāṛī meṉ hindu muslim fasād [News] - Panjāb meṉ Ṣūbah Dihlī ke kārḵẖānoṉ aur tājron̲ kī ḍāʼrakṭarī [News]
This volume of Nur-i-Afshan published weekly on Fridays from Lahore
- …
