1,721,286 research outputs found
Cocoa and cocoa-derived products : dietary polyphenols and beyond.
No full textIn 1737, the cocoa tree was named Theobroma cacao L. which refers to the mythical background of the tree literally means “cocoa, food of the gods”. Cocoa and their related products derived from this tree had been used by our ancestors to treat various types of ailments. In the 17th and 18th century, cocoa was regularly prescribed or mixed into medications for all sorts of ailments and diseases from colds and coughing, to promote digestion, fertility, reinforce mental performance and as an anti-depressant. The empirical findings of cocoa and cocoa-derived products on health benefits were uncovered only in the 21st century owing to their exemplary amount of dietary antioxidants (flavonoids). Scrumptious taste and their roles in combating risk factors for chronic diseases are the two main reasons that staggered most of the modern scientists. Up-to-date there were vast array of scientific evidence published on the contribution of cocoa and cocoa-derived products towards health. Studies originated from in vitro, in vivo and human clinical trials strongly supported that polyphenols especially flavonoids present in cocoa and their products were absorbable and made bioavailable in the digestive system; and exerted multiple health benefits in reducing disease risk factors, preventing disease progression and ameliorating disease severity. This chapter is then delineated an insight of cocoa polyphenols’ chemistry and their putative effects on our health
Anthocyanins in purple colored fruits.
No full textThe occurrence of purple color in many fruits is due to the presence of a group of natural pigments called anthocyanins. On top of the economic importance of anthocyanins in industries as natural colorants, these pigments have important implications in human nutrition. Purple-colored fruits such as blackberry, grape, plum, and prune have high content of anthocyanins. Canarium odontophyllum fruit (locally known as dabai) is one of the popular indigenous fruits of Borneo Island that turns into purple when ripen. Dabai represents an almost similar complex system to that of many other purple-colored fruits since anthocyanins are formed in the skin. Besides that, phenolic compounds from phenolic acid to various subclasses of flavonoids have been identified in the fruit. Total anthocyanins content in dabai fruit was comparable to that of blackberry and grape. It is also noted that the total flavanols of dabai fruit was much higher than those purple fruits. In purple-colored berries, anthocyanins as the major pigment are present together with appreciable amount of flavanols. In addition, flavonols particularly quercetin and kaempferol are found as co-pigment for fruits coloration in the berries. Numerous reviews on the potential roles of anthocyanins in reduction of disease risk factors and prevention of cardiovascular health problems have been documented. The compounds revealed consistent effects through different aspects of vascular health (platelet aggregation, atherosclerosis, blood pressure, antioxidant status, and inflammation-related markers), myocardial conditions, and whole-body metabolism (serum biochemistry and lipid profile). Purple-colored fruits are good sources of anthocyanidins that offer vast arrays of health-promoting properties
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Health benefits of flavanoids in nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics perspectives
Get PDFFlavonoids are the largest and most studied group of plant phenolics. Epidemiological studies suggest that the consumption of flavonoid-rich foods may protect humans against oxidative stress related diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, osteoporosis, hyperlipidemia and diabetes. This chapter aims to review the occurrence of flavonoids from various sources. Additionally, this chapter also highlights the interactions among flavonoids, genes and diseases in nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics perspectives. Clinical studies related to health effects of flavonoids on osteoporosis, menopausal symptoms, obesity, hypertension, hyperlipedemia and cardiovascular health are also discussed in this chapter. Taken together, this chapter intends to provide a new insight for the development of nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics in near future
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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