10 research outputs found
Failures count too: effect of the application of commercial inoculum of arbuscular fungi in a vineyard during its plantation
No full textSymbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) has long been recognized for its positive impact on plant health. Today, various companies market AMF-based commercial inoculants as biofertilizers or biostimulants for sustainable agriculture. However, their consistent efficacy in real-world field settings remains uncertain. This study investigated the influence of a commercial AMF inoculant on a newly planted vineyard featuring a local grape cultivar grafted onto a common rootstock (‘Ritcher 110’). Over two years, the physiological well-being, growth, and productivity of 20 inoculated vines compared to 20 control counterparts were monitored. The impact of inoculation on soil bacterial diversity and the infectivity of soil was assessed. Notably, AMF-inoculated plants exhibited consistently lower values in photosynthesis, growth, and grape production, although statistical significance was not always reached. Additionally, the total production remained unaffected, but there was a significant decrease in °Brix and pH values, suggesting delayed grape ripening in mycorrhizal plants, potentially promoting secondary metabolites accumulation. Regarding soil effects, the inoculation's impact was slight, with no substantial changes in soil mycorrhizal infectivity and only slight shifts in the microbial community's metabolic profile. Numerous studies highlight the context-dependent nature of AMF inoculation's effects, making it challenging to predict outcomes in field conditions. Failures found in trials like the present one provides valuable scientific information, contributing to determine the prerequisites for effective biofertilizer use in commercial viticulture. Ultimately, the effectiveness of AMF-based biofertilizers remains contingent on specific conditions, exposing the need for additional research to ensure their consistent and reliable application
Le Clone 8, un anticorps monoclonal dirigé contre le CD154 humain, reconnait et inhibe le clivage du CD154 murin
No full textLe CD154 est une glycoprotéine transmembranaire de type 2, impliquée dans plusieurs maladies auto-immunes, telles que le lupus érythémateux systémique, la polyarthrite rhumatoïde, la sclérose en plaques. Il joue également un rôle central dans l’activation des cellules immunitaires, notamment dans le cancer. L’interaction du CD154 avec son récepteur principal le CD40, joue un rôle important dans plusieurs processus cellulaires, tels que la prolifération, la différenciation des cellules et le changement de classes d’immunoglobulines. Une altération de cette interaction peut entraîner un dysfonctionnement aboutissant à différentes maladies, tel que le syndrome d'hyper-IgM lié au chromosome X. Cette maladie représente des taux élevés des IgM contre des taux plus faibles d'IgA, d'IgE et d'IgG. Des études antérieures ont démontré qu’un CD154 membranaire, muté à son site de clivage et rendu non-clivable, induit une activation immunitaire accrue et une cytotoxicité élevée contre les cellules tumorales exprimant son récepteur, le CD40. Dans cette optique, notre laboratoire a développé un anticorps monoclonal, Clone 8, capable de reconnaître le CD154 humain et d’inhiber son clivage spontané et induit par le CD40. Dans le travail illustré ici, nous avons prouvé que le Clone 8 reconnaît et lie efficacement le CD154 murin, compte tenu que le site de clivage du CD154 humain et du CD154 murin sont 100% homologues. De même, nous avons montré la capacité du Clone 8 à bloquer le clivage spontané et induit du CD154 aussi bien dans un modèle in-vitro où la concentration du CD154 soluble a été dosée en présence et en absence du Clone 8, qu’ex-vivo en utilisant les cellules T provenant des souris transgéniques OT-II et qui comprennent majoritairement des cellules T CD4+. De plus, nos résultats, ont révélé les cellules spléniques OT-II comme un bon modèle ex-vivo pour l’évaluation ultérieure de l’effet biologique du Clone 8 sur la prolifération cellulaire. L’ensemble de ces résultats ouvrent la voie à de nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques visant à exploiter un CD154 stabilisé à la membrane pour optimiser l’activation immunitaire, notamment en immunothérapie du cancer.CD154 is a type II transmembrane glycoprotein involved in several autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and multiple sclerosis. It also plays a central role in immune cell activation, particularly in cancer. The interaction between CD154 and its main receptor, CD40, is crucial for various cellular processes, including cell proliferation, cell differenciation and immunoglobulin class switching. Disruptions in this interaction can lead to dysfunctions associated with different diseases, such as X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome, which is characterized by elevated IgM levels and lower levels of IgA, IgE, and IgG. Previous studies have demonstrated that a membrane-bound CD154, mutated at its cleavage site to prevent its cleavage, enhances immune activation and increases cytotoxicity against tumor cells expressing CD40. In this context, our laboratory has developed a monoclonal antibody, Clone 8, which specifically recognizes human CD154 and inhibits both spontaneous and CD40-induced cleavage. In the work illustrated here, we demonstrated that Clone 8 effectively recognizes and binds murine CD154, given that the cleavage site of human and murine CD154 represents 100% homology between both species. In addition, our data showed that Clone 8 is capable of blocking spontaneous and CD40-induced cleavage of CD154 both in an in-vitro model, where the concentration of soluble CD154 was assayed in the presence and absence of Clone 8, and in ex-vivo using T cells from transgenic mice, OT-II, which include predominantly CD4+ T cells. In addition, we have revealed splenocytes from OT-II mice as an efficient ex-vivo model for the ultimate evaluation of the effect of Clone 8 on specific biological responses such as cell proliferation. Taken together, these results pave the way for new therapeutic strategies aiming at exploiting a CD154 resistant to cleavage and maintained on cell surface for an optimal immune activation, notably in cancer immunotherapy
Failures count too: effect of the application of commercial inoculum of arbuscular fungi in a vineyard during its plantation
No full textSymbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) has long been recognized for its positive impact on plant health. Today, various companies market AMF-based commercial inoculants as biofertilizers or biostimulants for sustainable agriculture. However, their consistent efficacy in real-world field settings remains uncertain. This study investigated the influence of a commercial AMF inoculant on a newly planted vineyard featuring a local grape cultivar grafted onto a common rootstock (‘Ritcher 110’). Over two years, the physiological well-being, growth, and productivity of 20 inoculated vines compared to 20 control counterparts were monitored. The impact of inoculation on soil bacterial diversity and the infectivity of soil was assessed. Notably, AMF-inoculated plants exhibited consistently lower values in photosynthesis, growth, and grape production, although statistical significance was not always reached. Additionally, the total production remained unaffected, but there was a significant decrease in °Brix and pH values, suggesting delayed grape ripening in mycorrhizal plants, potentially promoting secondary metabolites accumulation. Regarding soil effects, the inoculation's impact was slight, with no substantial changes in soil mycorrhizal infectivity and only slight shifts in the microbial community's metabolic profile. Numerous studies highlight the context-dependent nature of AMF inoculation's effects, making it challenging to predict outcomes in field conditions. Failures found in trials like the present one provides valuable scientific information, contributing to determine the prerequisites for effective biofertilizer use in commercial viticulture. Ultimately, the effectiveness of AMF-based biofertilizers remains contingent on specific conditions, exposing the need for additional research to ensure their consistent and reliable application
Financial distress prediction for US hospitals with machine learning following KDD Methodology
No full textAssessing hospitals for financial distress would help management prepare for anticipating actions and tackle areas of strategic weaknesses to avoid potential future financial distress. This Paper aims on exploring how well machine learning can predict financial distress for US hospitals and identify which of the features has helped the most in the prediction. The author deployed three different models: Deep Neural Network (DNN), Extreme Gardient Boost and SVM on US hospitals using 8 years of financial reports going from 2012 to 2019. Features used include financial ratios combining solvency, profitability, efficiency, and structure soundness besides another nonaccounting measure which is the type of control of hospitals. SVM model recorded a superior performance with an accuracy of 98.5% pursued by XGBoost with an accuracy of 98% and DNN with 82%. Random forest classifier identified net profit margin, ‘type of control’ and ROA as the most significant features in predicting financial distress within hospitals
The use of arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculum in viticulture is not always positive: a systematic review
No full textFor more than 70 years, the scientific literature has demonstrated that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have positive effects on plant growth and stress tolerance. However, AMF have only been widely implemented in agricultural systems in the last decade. Recent reviews indicate AMF are key to the sustainability of viticulture. To explore the universality of the positive effects of AMF inoculation on grapevines, we created a database of the results from 30 publications that performed 169 experiments comparing the development of grapevine plants inoculated with AMF against control vines. We calculated inoculation dependence, as ID = ((mean of inoculated treatment – mean of control)/mean of inoculated treatment) * 100), to compare the effects of AM inoculation on the growth of grapevine plants between different experiments. In most studies, the experimental conditions differed significantly from commercial conditions, since 75% of the studies were conducted under greenhouse conditions and 71.8% of studies compared the growth of inoculated plants with plants growing in a sterilized substrate. High variability was observed in the ID of different response variables, be-tween the various rootstocks tested, and between different species compositions of AMF inoculum, demonstrating that the effects of mycorrhizal inoculation in vineyard growth are highly context dependent. This study demonstrates further research is required to characterize the effects of AMF under field conditions. Moreover, this work indicates that specific trials are needed to determine the effect of particular mycorrhizal strains on individual rootstocks under specific growing conditions before the use of AMF can be recommended to vine-growers
The surgeon and the patient with β-thalassaemia intermedia
No full textBackground: Unlike patients with β-thalassaemia major, where lifelong transfusion and iron chelation therapy are necessary for survival, patients with β-thalassaemia intermedia (TI) generally have a milder course and anaemia. The underlying pathophysiology of the disease still allows several complications to manifest. Surgical management during the course of the disease is common but relevant data from the literature have never been reviewed constructively. This aim of this review was to highlight this clinical entity to the surgeon, and ensure optimal and timely intervention. Methods: The review was based on potentially relevant studies identified from an electronic search of MEDLINE and PubMed databases. There were no language or publication year restrictions. References in published articles were also reviewed. Results: Surgical intervention is often essential to ensure optimal control of the associated morbidity in TI. Several general considerations are necessary before surgical intervention with regard to anaemia, cardiovascular disease, thromboembolic events and the effects of iron overload. Splenectomy, cholecystectomy, leg ulcers, fractures and extramedullary pseudotumours are the most commonly encountered surgical problems related to TI. Conclusion: Awareness of TI and its associated morbidity is important so that appropriate preoperative care can occur. © 2011 British Journal of Surgery Society Ltd.Aessopos A, 2005, CHEST, V127, P1523, DOI 10.1378-chest.127.5.1523; Aessopos A, 2001, BLOOD, V97, P3411, DOI 10.1182-blood.V97.11.3411; ALMOMEN AKM, 1991, ACTA HAEMATOL-BASEL, V86, P46; Al-Salem AH, 1998, EUR J PEDIATR SURG, V8, P334, DOI 10.1055-s-2008-1071227; AMIRJAMSHIDI A, 1991, CHILD NERV SYST, V7, P223; Angelucci E, 2000, NEW ENGL J MED, V343, P327, DOI 10.1056-NEJM200008033430503; Ataga KI, 2007, BRIT J HAEMATOL, V139, P3, DOI 10.1111-j.1365-2141.2007.06740.x; Atichartakarn V, 2003, INT J HEMATOL, V78, P139, DOI 10.1007-BF02983382; Atichartakarn V, 2002, BRIT J HAEMATOL, V118, P893, DOI 10.1046-j.1365-2141.2002.03711.x; Atichartakarn V, 2003, INT J HEMATOL, V77, P299, DOI 10.1007-BF02983790; Bisharat N, 2001, J INFECTION, V43, P182, DOI 10.1053-jinf.2001.0904; BOONE KE, 1995, BRIT MED J, V311, P1273; Borgna-Pignatti C, 2003, HAEMATOLOGICA, V88, P1106; 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Thalassemia intermedia: Revisited
No full textThalassemia intermedia encompasses a wide clinical spectrum of beta-thalassemia phenotypes. Some thalassemia intermedia patients are asymptomatic until adult life, whereas others are symptomatic from as young as 2 years of age. A number of clinical complications commonly associated with thalassemia intermedia are rarely seen in thalassemia major, including extramedullary hematopoiesis, leg ulcers, gallstones and thrombophilia. Prevention of these complications, possibly with blood transfusion therapy, is ideal since they may be difficult to manage. Currently, many patients with thalassemia intermedia receive only occasional or no transfusions, since they are able to maintain hemoglobin levels between 7-9 g-dl; the risk of iron overload, necessitating adequate chelation therapy, is also a contributing factor. At present, there are no clear guidelines for initiating and maintaining transfusions in thalassemia intermedia for the prevention or treatment of complications. Here, we review the major clinical complications in thalassemia intermedia and suggest some therapeutic strategies based on retrospective clinical observations. © 2006 Elsevier Inc. 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β-Thalassemia intermedia: A bird'S-eye view [β-Talasemi i̇ntermedya: Kuşbaki[dotless]şi[dotless]]
No full textBeta-thalassemia is due to a defect in the synthesis of the beta-globin chains, leading to alpha-beta imbalance, ineffective erythropoiesis, and chronic anemia. The spectrum of thalassemias is wide, with one end comprising thalassemia minor, which consists of a mild hypochromic microcytic anemia with no obvious clinical manifestations, while on the other end is thalassemia major, characterized by patients who present in their first years of life with profound anemia and regular transfusion requirements for survival. Along the spectrum lies thalassemia intermedia, a term developed to describe patients with manifestations that are neither mild enough nor severe enough to be classified in the spectrum's extremes. Over the past decade, our understanding of β-thalassemia intermedia has increased tremendously with regards to molecular information as well as pathophysiology. It is now clear that β-thalassemia intermedia has a clinical presentation as well as complications associated with the disease that are different from those of β-thalassemia major. This review is designed to tackle issues related to β-thalassemia intermedia from the basic definition of the disease to paramedical issues, namely the quality of life in these patients. Genetics and pathophysiology are revisited, as well as the complications specific to this disease. These complications include effects on several organ systems, including the cardiovascular, hepatic, endocrine, renal, brain, and skeletal systems. Extramedullary hematopoiesis is also discussed in this article. Risk factors are highlighted and cutoffs are identified to minimize morbidities in β-thalassemia intermedia. Several treatment modalities are considered by shining a light on the pros and cons of each modality, as well as the role of special pharmacological agents in the progress of the disease and its morbidities. 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Optimal management of β thalassaemia intermedia
No full textOur understanding of the molecular and pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the disease process in patients with β thalassaemia intermedia (TI) has substantially increased over the past decade. The hallmark of disease process in patients with TI includes ineffective erythropoiesis, chronic haemolytic anaemia, and iron overload. There are a number of options currently available for managing patients with TI including splenectomy, transfusion therapy, iron chelation therapy, modulation of fetal haemoglobin production, and several other agents targeting specific clinical complications. Limited studies assessed the efficacy and safety of these modalities; hence, there are currently no clear guidelines for managing patients with TI. 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