1,720,959 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Acı biber, sumak ve çiğnemenin inkretin hormon salgısı üzerindeki etkisi
Full text linkVE İNGİLİZCE ÖZET Glukogona benzeyen peptid-1 (GLP-1) ve glukoza bağımlı insülinortropik polipeptid (GIP) glukoz ve yağ metabolizması ile iştahın düzenlenmesinde görev alan barsak peptidleridir. Lumendeki besinlere cevaben öğünlerden sonra barsaktan salgılanırlar. Acı biberin etkili maddesi kapsaisini uzun süre kullanan insanlarda plasma GLP-1 seviyesinin arttığı, ghrelin seviyesinin azaldığı gösterilmiştir. Sumak geleneksel tıpta diabet tedavisinde kullanılır. İn vitro şartlarda sumak ekstreler karbonhidratların sindirilmesini sağlayan amilaz ve enterositlerde bulunan alfa glikozidaz enzimlerini inhibe eder. Sumağın plazma GLP-1 ve GIP seviyesi üzerindeki etkisi ile acı biberin plazma GIP seviyesi üzerindeki etkisinin aracıları henüz bilinmemektedir. Bu peptidlerin salgılamasında santral reflekslerin görev aldığı gösterilmiştir, ağız mukozasının mekanik uyarısının rolü bilinmemektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı 1. tek defada yemekle birlikte kullanılan acı biber ve sumağın iştah ve iştah ile glikoz ve yağ metabolizmasını düzenleyen GLP-1, GIP ve kolesistokinin (CCK) üzerindeki etkisini araştırmak, 2. çiğnemenin GLP-1, GIP ve CCK üzerindeki etkisini araştırmak, 3. uzun süre kullanılan sumağın dışkı sayısı ve kıvamı üzerindeki etkisini araştırmaktır. Çalışmaya 18 – 40 yaşında 33 sağlıklı gönüllü erkek alındı. Boy, ağırlık ve vücut kitle indeksi (VKİ) belirlendi, VKİ‟i 30 un üzerinde ise çalışmaya alınmadı. Dört grup deney yapıldı. 1. Acı biberli deneyler (n= 10): 467 kcal içeren karışık öğün (Protein %22, yağ %46, karbonhidrat %32) en az bir hafta ara ile 1 g acı biberle ya da tek başına 5 dakika içinde yedirilidi. 0-5-10-25-45-60-120 ve 180 dakikalarda kan örnekleri alındı. Başlangıçtan 4 saat sonra açık büfede doyana kadar yenilen yemek miktarı ve türü belirlendi. Her iki yemekten önce açlık derecesi, sonra ise tokluk derecesi görsel bir cetvelde işaretlendi. 2. Çiğneme deneyleri (n=11): Şekersiz ve tatlandırıcı ihtiva etmeyen falım sakız 5 dakika süre ile çiğnetilip 0-5-10-25-45 ve 60 dakikalarda kan örnekleri alındı. xii 3. Sumaklı deneyler (n=7): Toplam 328 kcal içeren (%28 yağ, %63 karbonhidrat , %9 protein) bir öğün bir hafta ara ile 2 g sumak ile ya da tek başına 5 dakika içinde yedirilip 0- 10., 30., 60., 90., 120., 150. dakikalarda kan örnekleri alındı. Başlangıçtan 3 saat sonra doyana kadar yenilen yemek miktarı ve türü belirlendi. Her iki öğünden önce ve sonra açlık ve tokluk durumu görsel bir cetvelde işaretlendi. 4. Sumak ve defekasyon deneyleri (n=10). 15 gün boyunca her gün dışkı yapma sayısı, dışkının Bristol skalasına göre tipi ve akşam yemeğinden önceki açlık derecesi ile akşam yemeğinden sonraki tokluk derecesi belirlendi. Rastlantısal bir sıra ile bir hafta boyunca istenilen bir yemekle birlikte 2 g sumak verildi. Alınan tüm kanlarda glikoz spektrofotometrik yöntemle, insülin elektrokemiluminesans immunoassay yöntemiyle tayin edildi. CCK 92128 antikoru, GIP R65 antikoru ve GLP-1 89390 antikoru kullanılarak RIA ile belirlendi (Kopenhagen Üniversitesi, Danimarka) Sürekli veriler ortalama ve standart sapma, kategorik veriler ortanca ve sınır değer olarak ifade edildi. Normal dağılan sürekli veriler parametrik, normal dağılmayan sürekli veriler ve bazı kategorik veriler nonparametrik testlerle karşılaştırıldı. İntegre insülin, glikoz ve peptid cevabı değerlerin zaman karşı işaretlenmesi ile elde edilen eğrilerin altında kalan alan (EAKA) ile belirlendi, eşleştirilmş t testi ile karşılaştırıldı. Zamanın etkisi tek yönlü ANOVA ile, zaman ve tedavinin etkisi ise iki yönlü ANOVA ile karşılaştırıldı. Son grup deneyde her katılımcı için haftalık ortalama alındıktan sonra karşılaştırmalar yapıldı. Acı biber eklemek toplam integratif glikoz, insülin, GIP, GLP-1, CCK cevabı ile iştah ve enerji alımında anlamlı bir değişiklik yapmadı. Ancak acı biberli deney gününde GIP eğrisi daha basıktı, 45. dakikada GIP seviyesi anlamlı derecede daha düşüktü (p<0.05). Şekersiz sakız çiğnemek 5,10, 25, 45 ve 60 dakikalarda incelenen parametreleri değiştirmedi. Sumak eklemek CCK eğrisini hafifçe sağa kaydırdı ancak glikoz, insülin, GIP, GLP-1, CCK seviyeleri, iştah ile enerji alımında anlamlı bir değişiklik yapmadı. Sumak yenilen haftada dışkı sayısında ve iştahta değişiklik olmadı ancak dışkı kıvamında anlamlı bir cıvıklaşma gözlendi. xiii Kullandığımız miktardaki acı biber toplam cevabı değiştirmemekle birlikte öğünü izleyen 45. dakikada GIP seviyesini azalttı. Öğüne eklenen sumak plazma peptid seviyelerini değiştirmedi bir haftalık sumak kullanımı dışkı kıvamını cıvıklaştırdı. Neden karbonhidrat sindiriminin değişmesi, barsak florasının değişmesi, lokal irritasyon ya da bilinmeyen başka bir etki olabilir. Aracı etkinin belirlenmesi için yeni çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır. ANAHTAR SÖZCÜKLER: CCK, GLP-1, GIP, obezite, iştah, tokluk xivGlucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) are gut hormones known to have a role in both glucose metabolism as well as control of appetite. They are secreted from enteroendocrine cells in response to luminal food. It was shown that capsaicin, the main component of hot pepper increases the level of GLP-1 while decreasing ghrelin levels in humans probably by altering mucosal sensation. Sumac is used as a traditional remedy to treat diabetes. In vitro, sumac extracts inhibits activity of amylase, as well as alpha glucosidase found in the intestinal enterocytes which are enzymes responsible for carbohydrate digestion. There are no studies investigating whether sumac affects GLP-1 and GIP plasma levels and if hot pepper affects GIP plasma levels. The aims of this study can be traced into: 1. the effect of a meal containing either red hot pepper or sumac on GLP-1, GIP cholecystokinin (CCK) that have effect on satiety, glucose and lipid metabolism. 2. The effect of a chewing on GLP-1, GIP and CCK levels. 3. The effect of sumac consumption on the frequency of defecation and the consistency of feces. A total of 33 healthy male volunteer aged between 18 – 40 was included. The length, weight and body mass index were detected. Volunteers whom BMI was above 30 were excluded. There were 4 experiments as follows: 1. Hot pepper experiments (n=10) : Volunteers consumed a mixed meal of 467 kcal (Protein %22, Fat %46, Carbohydrate %32) with and without 1 gram of red hot pepper at least 1 week apart within 5 minutes. The blood samples were collected at 0-5-10-25-45-60-120 and 180 minutes. Four hours after the commencement of the meal volunteers were sent to unlimited open buffet and asked to eat till fullness. Kind and amount of consumed food and drinks were xv recorded. The degree of hunger before meal and fullness after meal were recorded on visual analogue scale. 2. Chewing Experiments (n=11): FALIM gum, free of any sweetener or sugar was chewed for 5 minutes without swallowing it. The blood samples were collected at 0-5-10-25-45 and 60 minutes. 3. Sumac Experiments (n=7): Volunteers consumed a mixed meal of 328 kcal (Protein %9, Fat %28 Carbohydrate %63) with and without 2 gram of sumac at least 1 week apart within 5 minutes. The blood samples were collected at 0-5-10-25-45-60-120 and 150 minutes. Three hours after the starting point, volunteers were sent to unlimited open buffet and asked to eat till fullness. Kind and amount of consumed food and drinks were recorded. The degree of hunger before meal and fullness after meal were recorded on visual analogue scale. 4. Sumac and defecation experiments (n=10): The frequency and consistency of fecal discharge according to Bristol scale was recorded daily for 15 days. During this period 2 gram of sumac was consumed along with a desired meal for 1 week chosen randomly. The hunger and satiety scores were recorded before and after supper every day. Serum glucose and insulin were measured spectrophotometric method and by electro-chemiluminescence method respectively. Plasma levels of CCK, GIP and GLP-1 were detected by radioimmunoassay at University of Copenhagen in Denmark using CCK 92128, GIP R65 and GLP-1 89390 antibodies respectively. The continuous data was expressed as mean and standard deviation while the numeric data was expressed as median and range. Parametric or nonparametric tests were used according to distribution of the data. The integrated insulin, glucose, CCK, GIP and GLP-1 responses were expressed as area under the curve (AUC) and compared by matched t- test. Time effect alone was tested by one-way ANOVA while the effect of both time and treatment was tested using two ways ANOVA. Weekly averages were compared in the sumac and defecation studies. The addition of hot pepper altered neither integrative serum/ plasma levels of glucose, insulin, GIP, GLP-1, CCK nor the satiety and energy intake. xvi But the GIP curve was depressed in experiments with hot pepper, plasma GIP response at 45 minutes was significantly atennuated in experiments with hot pepper (p<0.05). The chewing of sugar free gum did not affect the plasma levels of glucose, insulin, GIP, GLP-1 and CCK at ,10, 25, 45 and 60 minutes. The addition of sumac shifted the CCK curve to the right but did not affect the levels of glucose, insulin, GIP and GLP-1. Satiety and amount of the energy consumption in the following meal did not change. Daily sumac consumption has any remarkable effect on neither satiety nor stool frequency but the consistency of feces was remarkably less. The quantity of red pepper and sumac that we used did not affect the studied humoral parameters except GIP response. Besides, one week consumption of sumac was softened the feces. The significantly atennuated GIP response at 45 minutes to the meal containing hot pepper suggest that consumption of higher quantities or long term consumption may alter metabolism of fat. Stool loosening effect of sumac might be attributed to altered carbohydrate digestion, alteration of intestinal flora, local irritation of the mucosa or some unknown reasons. Further studies are needed to clarify the operating mechanisms. KEY WORDS: CCK, GLP-1, GIP, obesity, apettite, satiet
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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