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COLIFORM AND STAPHYLOCOCCAL MASTITIS IN COWS RISK FACTORS AND TRENDS IN ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE
Get PDFA Thesis
Submitted to Department of Medicine & Public Health
Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
MASTER OF SCIENCE (MS) IN MEDICINEThis study was undertaken to know the prevalence of E coli & Staphylococcus aureus
causing mastitis. Total Prevalence of mastitis was determined from different farms of
Amtali, Barguna. Identification of different bacteria from positive samples were
performed by cultural characteristics, and biochemical tests to some extent. The overall
prevalence of mastitis was 5%. The prevalence of mastitis in cross breed cow was 6.42%
and in local cow 3.75%. Prevalence of mastitis was higher in older animal of 7-8 years
old. The prevalence of mastitis in 3-4, 5-6, 7-8 and 9-10 year old cows were 3.08%,
4.29%, 5.88% and 5%, respectively. The higher number of mastitis incidence was 8.75%
during 3
rd-
4
th
parity than 3.33% during 1
st
-2
nd
parity and 3.84% when ≥5
parity. Among
15 mastitis infected cattle, the prevalence of mastitis in cow had peri-parturient disease
were 86.67% and cows without histories of peri-parturient disease were 13.33%. Among
15 mastitis infected cattle, the prevalence of mastitis were 26.67% at 1st-2
month of
lactation 53.33%, at 3
rd
-4
th
month of lactation and 20% and at 5
th
-6
th
month of lactation
respectively. The prevalence of mastitis in dry and wet season was 33.33% and 66.67%
respectively. The occurrence of mastitis was 26.67% in cows in farms with brick-block
floor and 20% in cows in farms with soil floor. Only 53.33% cows were affected with
mastitis when the floor was wet and soiled. The occurrence of mastitis had relation with
the cleanliness of farm. Among 15 mastitis infected cattle, 73.33% infected cow were
reared in dirty farm and 26.67% infected cows are reared in clean farm. The prevalence of
E. coli and S. aureus in mastitis milk samples were 73.33% and 66.67% % respectively.
Nine antibiotics were used to know the susceptibility, intermediate resistance and
resistance percentage against the isolated bacteria. Amoxicillin showed 36.36% sensitivity,
Ampicillin showed 36.36%, Tetracycline shows 54.54% sensitivity, Streptomycine and
Co-trimethaxole/Trimethoprim showed 81.81% sensitivity, Gentamycin, Cefttriaxone
shown 90.91% sensitivity, Cefuroxime and Cefixime shown 100% sensitivity against E.
coli. Cefuroxime and Cefixime were highly sensitive and Ceftriaxone and Gentamycin
shown 9.09% resistance. Amoxicilin showed higly resistance among these 9 antibiotics.
Amoxicilin showed 45.45% resistance. Amoxicillin, Ampicillin and Tetracycline showed
18.18%, 27.27% and 9.09% intermediate resistance respectively against E. coli. Against
S. aureus; Cotrimethaxole/Trimethoprim showed 60% sensitivity, Tetracycline showed
70% sensitivity, Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, Streptomycine showed 80% sensitivity,
Gentamycin, Cefttriaxone shown 90% sensitivity, Cefuroxime and Cefixime showed
100% sensitivity. It was observed that Cefuroxime and Cefixime we r e highly sensitive
and ceftriaxone showed 10% resistance Cotrimethaxole showed higly resistance among
these 9 antibiotics. Cotrimethaxole/ Trimethoprim showed 30% resistance. Amoxicillin,
Tetracycline, Streptomycine and Cotrimethaxole/Trimethoprim showed 10% intermediate
resistance against S. aureus. This study showed that antibiotic resistance against E. coli
and S. aureus was increased. So, prevention and conrol of the outbreak of this disease is
very necessary through good therapeutic management and hygienic care of the farm and
dairy cow
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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