1,720,981 research outputs found
Representing the Partition of 1947: Rohinton Mistry's Tales from Firozsha Baag, Such a Long Journey, and A Fine Balance as Political Allegories
No full textMy thesis argues that Rohinton Mistry’s Tales from Firozsha Baag (1987), Such a Long Journey (1991), and A Fine Balance (1995), as postcolonial allegories, gauge and reconsider Partition of the Indian subcontinent in 1947. I investigate the representations of the India-China war in 1962, the war of the liberation of Bangladesh, genocide and rape, Hindu-Muslim riots, caste violence, ultranationalism, and State of Emergency in the seventies in connection to Partition, in Mistry’s texts, to ask: Is a multicultural, multi-ethnic and multireligious India, as envisioned by the author, tenable in the face of a nuclear arms race and xenophobia? Does the hybrid identity of the Indian in Mistry teeter on the brink of post-Partition disillusionment? Despite his global readership, scholars have been relatively silent about Mistry’s interpretation of Partition. My thesis addresses this gap and re-evaluates Mistry’s fiction to critically re-position the author in the context of literary responses to Partition.2022-09-0
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Anticipating Apocalypse: Power Structures and the Periphery in Doris Lessing’s the Fifth Child and Ben, in the World
No full textThis article argues that unremitting conflicts between the power centres and the individuals from the borderline spaces of the society characterise Doris Lessing’s novels The Fifth Child and Ben, in the World. The paper seeks to further the argument by applying Michel Foucault’s early work on power and Zygmunt Bauman’s theory on liquid, thus postmodern, fear to manifest the implosion of the contemporary civilization that lives on global/local disparities and operates through subversive surveillance
Anhydrous Phosphates of Molybdenum and Rhenium Synthesis, Crystallization, Crystal structures, and Spectroscopic investigations
Full text linkIn this thesis, the crystal chemistry of anhydrous transition metal phosphates have been extended by the syntheses of a large number of molybdenum and rhenium phosphates, (MoVO)4(P2O7)3, Phase X1 (a new polymorph of (MoVO)4(P2O7)3), βI-MoVO(PO4), ReV2O3(P2O7), ReVI2O3(PO4)2, ReVIIO2(PO4), NaReIV2(PO4)3, ReIV3[Sit2O(PO4)6], and (ReVII2O5)Sio2[Sit2O(PO4)6].Crystal structures and the bonding phenomena of these new phosphates have been studied by X-ray single-crystal and spectroscopic investigations. (MoVO)4(P2O7)3, Phase X1 and βI-MoVO(PO4) were synthesized reducing MoVI2P2O11 by red phosphorus followed by chemical vapour transport (CVT) using I2 as transport agent. The formations of these molybdenyl(V) phosphates are rather sensitive to the choice of starting solids and other experimental conditions. The crystal structure of (MoVO)4(P2O7)3 can be derived from the SiP2O7 structure type according to the scheme (MoVO)4(P2O7)3 = 4MIVP2O7 - “P2O3”. Pyrophosphates MP2O7 are structurally related to the rock salt type via the pyrite structure type. Thus, a very complicated structure can be derived from a rather simple one according to the relationship NaCl → FeS2 → MIVP2O7 (Z = 4, a ≈ 8 Å) → (MoVO)4(P2O7)3 (Z = 36, a ≈ 24, b ≈ 24, c ≈ 32 Å). As a consequence, the crystal structure of (MoO)4(P2O7)3 is considered as a hybrid of non-defect like MIVP2O7 layer (A) and P2O3 deficient layer (B), built up by alternating stacking forming ABA΄B΄AB…. along the crystallographic c-axis. The crystal structure of βI-MoVO(PO4) is isotypic to β-VVO(PO4). α-(MoVIO2)2P2O7, one of the four polymorphs, was crystallized by CVT using H2O as transport agent. Its structure has been solved from X-ray single-crystal data that showed improved precision in bond-lengths and -angles in compare to that of Lister et al. obtained from X-ray powder diffraction. The ternary phase diagram of Re / P / O has been developed at 800 and 500oC. It shows that the redox behaviour of rhenium phosphates is considerably different from higher to lower temperatures. Our study shows that CVT are particularly suitable for the crystallization of rhenium phosphates. High volatility of Re2O7(g) and ReO3X(g) (X = Cl, I, OH) allows crystallization of rhenium phosphates by CVT. Under perfectly dry conditions, dissociative sublimation of ReVIIO2(PO4) in a temperature gradient 400 → 300°C is possible. In addition to the long known ReIVP2O7, formation of the further tetravalent rhenium phosphates, NaReIV2(PO4)3 and ReIV3[Sit2O(PO4)6] evidently show the significant thermal stability of this oxidation state of rhenium. NaReIV2(PO4)3 is isotypic to NASICON NaZr2IV(PO4)3 and ReIV3[Sit2O(PO4)6] is isotypic to SioIV3[Sit2O(PO4)6]. Single-crystal UV/Vis/NIR spectra for rhenium(IV) phosphates evidently show their similarity. The first spin allowed transition 4A2g → 4T2g is observed at ∆o ~ 25000 cm-1. At about 8000-11000 cm-1 and around 16500 cm-1 spin-forbidden transitions 4A2g → 2T1g, 4A2g → 2Eg, and 4A2g → 2T2g are observed. According to AOM, B ~ 550 cm-1 and ξ~ 2500 cm-1 are found. AOM calculations show that for rhenium(IV)-phosphates d-p π-interactions between the Re4+ and O2- ions are present. The effective magnetic moment for ReIVP2O7 is 3.22 μB which is close to the value 3.28 μB calculated within AOM. ReV2O3(P2O7) is isostructural to WV2O3(P2O7). Its crystal structure consists of octahedra [ReO3/1O3/2] which are linked via three oxygen atoms to form chain-ladder type ribbons undulating along the crystallographic c-axis. In another approach to the crystal structure these ribbons might be considered as sections from a ReO3-type lattice which are linked via pyrophosphate groups to give rather wide octagonal tunnels. The crystal structure of ReVI2O3(PO4)2 consists of [ReVI2O11] groups with two terminal (Re=O) bonds as building units besides phosphate tetrahedra. Despite the same space group and very similar lattice parameters the orthorhombic modification of WVI2O3(PO4)2 is not immediately structurally related to ReVI2O3(PO4)2. In contrast to molybdenyl(V) phosphates, rather low magnetic moment for Re6+ in ReVI2O3(PO4)2(0.07 ≤ µexp /µB≤ 0.38; 1.4 K ≤ T ≤ 300 K) and its strong temperature dependence are indicative for a very strong spin-orbit interaction. The electronic absorption spectra of d1 systems in molybdenyl(V)- and rhenyl(VI)- phosphates are similar. ReVIIO2(PO4) and (ReVII2O5)Sio2[Sit2O(PO4)6] are the first anhydrous phosphates containing a heptavalent metal. These phosphates are stable up to 400°C. The crystal structure of ReVIIO2(PO4) might be regarded as superstructure of the ReO3 structure type, however, phosphorus is in tetragonal environment. The crystal structure of the silicophosphate, (ReVII2O5)Sio2[Sit2O(PO4)6] consists of distorted [Re2O11] dioctahedra, [SiIVO6] octahedra and [Sit2O(PO4)6]12- heteropolyanions. It is quite remarkable that the observed range of distances 1.66 ≤ d(ReVII-O) ≤ 2.10 Å in the phosphates is very similar to that found in many other oxide compounds containing rhenium in oxidation states 4+, 5+, 6+ and 7+. Therefore, assignment of oxidation states for rhenium on the basis of distances d(Re-O) has to be treated with great care. As in several coordination compounds of Re7+ the formation of the perrhenyl cations (ReO2)3+ and (Re2O5)4+ are observed in the phosphate and the silico-phosphate, respectively. The presence of two distinctly different types of oxygen atoms (terminal in the perrhenyl-groups and bridging between Re and P) is comparable to oxides and in particular phosphates of V4+, V5+, and Mo6+, which are all active catalysts for selective oxidation of hydrocarbons. These observations might emphasize the catalytic activity of rhenium phosphates. Chemically and crystal chemically ReVIIO2(PO4) is very similar to oxide compounds of V4+, V5+ and Mo6+, thus providing support for the diagonal relation among V5+, Mo6+, and Re7+. This relation is further expressed by the closely related crystal structures of ReVIIO2(PO4) and MoVIO2(SO4). There is even evidence for polymorphism in ReVIIO2(PO4) as it was observed for MoVIO2(SO4). Phosphates of rhenium in the lower oxidation states +IV, +V, and +VI (ReIVP2O7, ReV2O3(P2O7), ReVI2O3(PO4)2) are closely related to the corresponding tungsten compounds WIVP2O7, WV2O3(P2O7), and WVI2O3(PO4)2. Finally, it might be concluded that with the syntheses of anhydrous rhenium phosphates at +IV, +V, +VI, and +VII oxidation states of rhenium, the crystal chemistry of anhydrous transition metal phosphates have been considerably extended. Our study shows that the redox behaviour of rhenium is comparable to that of its neighbour elements; i. e. molybdenum, vanadium. In addition to formation of a large number of ternary phosphates of these elements, up to now a plethora of quaternary phosphates have been synthesized and characterized. The main reason for the formation of such a large number of phosphates is the existence of various oxidation states and their stability in a phosphate matrix. Therefore, it is evident that an enormous research field for polynary rhenium phosphates have been opened by the present work
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