1,721,008 research outputs found
Alveolar macrophage phagocytic activity is enhanced with LPS priming, and combined stimulation of LPS and lipoteichoic acid synergistically induce pro-inflammatory cytokines in pigs
No full textThe objective of the present study was to investigate LPS and lipoteichoic acid (LTA)-induced TLRs, associated signaling molecules and inflammatory mediators, as well as to compare their combined effect in porcine alveolar macrophages. Macrophages were incubated for 24h with various concentrations of LPS, LTA, LPS+LTA or control. Multiple concentrations of LPS elicited marked up-regulation in mRNA for TLR2 and TLR4, CD14, MD2, MyD88, IRAK-4 and TRAF6 compared with the control. LTA had no effect on TLR4 and MD2; only higher doses up-regulated TLR2, CD14, MyD88, IRAK-4 and TRAF6 mRNA. LPS-activated cells released IL1-, IL12-, TNF-, IL-6, IL-8, IFN- and IL-10 in a dose-dependent manner, while LTA had no effect on IL-1, IL-6 and IFN-. Higher doses of LTA induced IL-12, TNF-, IL-8 and IL-10. Combined stimulation augmented TLR2, CD14 and MyD88 mRNA, and subsequently produced elevated levels of IL-6, TNF- and IL-8 when compared with LPS and LTA alone. Additionally, phagocytosis of macrophages was significantly increased following low concentration of LPS treatment. Only low levels of NO (nitric oxide) were detected in the LPS group. Overall, compared with LPS, LTA was a relatively weak inducer, and co-stimulation accelerated gene and cytokine production associated with pulmonary innate immune function.The objective of the present study was to investigate the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipotechoic acid (LTA)-induced TLRs, associated signaling molecules and inflammatory mediators, as well as to compare their combined effect in porcine alveolar macrophages. Macrophages were incubated for 24 h with various concentrations of LPS, LTA, LPS plus LTA or control. Multiple concentrations of LPS elicited the marked up-regulation in mRNA for TLR-2 and-4, CD-14, MD-2, MyD-88, IRAK-4, TRAF-6, as compared to control. LTA had no effect on TLR-4 and MD-2; only higher doses up-regulated TLR-2, CD-14, MyD-88, IRAK-4 and TRAF-6 mRNA. LPS-activated cells released IL1-ß, IL12-ß, TNF-?, IL-6, IL-8, IFN-? and IL-10 in a dose-dependent manner while LTA had no effect on IL-1ß, IL-6 and IFN-?. Higher doses of LTA induced IL-12ß, TNF-?, IL-8 and IL-10. Combined stimulation augmented TLR-2, CD-14 and MyD-88 mRNA, and subsequently produced elevated levels of IL-6, TNF-? and IL-8 when compared to LPS and LTA alone. Additionally, phagocytosis of macrophages was significantly increased following low concentration of LPS treatment. Only low levels of nitric oxide were detected in LPS group. Overall, compared to LPS, LTA was a relatively weak inducer, and co-stimulation accelerated genes and cytokines production associated with pulmonary innate immune function.</p
Wave Dynamics and Simultaneous Heat and Mass Transfer of Falling Liquid Film
No full textapplication/pdf学位論文(Thesis
Porcine Alveolar Macrophage Responses to Gram-positive and Gram-negative Bacterial Components in Innate Immunity
Get PDFAlveolar macrophages (AMs) are important in the regulation of innate immune responses in the lung through their phagocytosis and the production of a variety of compounds, like cytokines and nitric oxide (NO). Newborn animals are known to manifest increased susceptibility to pulmonary infection, and thus we hypothesize that this may due in part to a deficiency in the function of AMs. To dissect the age-related immune responses, AMs were isolated from 5 (newborn), 40 (post-weaned) and 120 (young) day old pigs, and stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Cytokine mRNA and protein was assayed by quantitative real-time PCR and ELISA, respectively. We report here that AM cells were relatively less abundant in broncho-alveolar lavage fluid in newborn piglets and their phagocytic capacity to Escherichia coli was lower than those of young pigs (P<0.05). LPS inducible mRNA for TLR-4, LBP, CD-14 and MyD-88 had higher expression in newborn piglets compared with those of young pigs (P<0.05) in a time-dependent manner. The kinetics results showed that AMs from newborn piglets were significantly less capable of producing IL1-β, IL-6, IL-12β, TNF-α, IL-8 and GM-CSF than post-weaned piglets or young pigs. In contrast, IL-10 was significantly higher in newborn piglets. The reasons for differences in cytokine production may reflect maturation of immune cells which indicate functional differences of cell population and may underlay the enhanced susceptibility of early born animals to pulmonary infections. Only very low levels of NO were detected in young pigs. Future investigations in more animals and across a wider age range are recommended. Furthermore, in another study, AMs were incubated for 24 h with various concentrations of LPS, lipoteichoic acid (LTA), LPS plus LTA or control. Overall, compared to LPS, LTA was a relatively weak inducer in releasing cytokines in a dose-dependent manner. Co-stimulation augmented TLR-2, CD-14 and MyD-88 mRNA, and subsequently produced elevated levels of IL-6, TNF-α and IL-8 when compared to LPS and LTA alone. Additionally, phagocytosis of macrophages was significantly increased following low concentration of LPS treatment. Collectively, our data suggest that during pulmonary infections, an exacerbated inflammatory response may occur inducing the enhanced release of cytokines. The mechanism underlying the synergistic up-regulation of TLRs-associated genes and inflammatory cytokines by combined stimulation is of concern
COMMUNICATION CHANNEL FAILURE PREDICTION IN 5G NETWORKS
No full textFifth-generation (5G) cellular networks aim to support the emerging applications with the ultra-fast mmWave radio frequency. However, the weather condition may impact heavily on the mmWave radio frequency. In this thesis, we proposed a deep learning-based time-series neural network solution where we are able to predict one-day-ahead link failure utilizing the weather forecast report and radio tower key performance indicator. We particularly used the combination of the LSTM network and the Autoencoder model.5G networks enable emerging latency and bandwidth critical applications like industrial IoT, AR/VR, or autonomous vehicles in addition to supporting traditional voice
and data communications. In the 5G infrastructure, Radio Access Networks (RANs)
consist of radio base stations that communicate over wireless radio links. This communication, however, is prone to environmental changes, such as the weather. These
links can suffer from radio link failure and subsequently interrupt ongoing services,
severely impacting the above-mentioned applications. One way to mitigate such service interruption is to proactively predict failures and reconfigure the resource allocation accordingly. In this work, we propose a communication
link failure prediction model based on the LSTM autoencoder, i.e., considering both
the spatio-temporal correlation of radio communication as well as weather changes.
The results confirm that the proposed scheme performs better than the state-of-the-art solution
A strategy for the development of instructors' professionalism in Thai private higher education institutions
No full textDissertation (Ph.D. EL)--Assumption University, 2020.Includes bibliography
Wave Dynamics and Simultaneous Heat and Mass Transfer of Falling Liquid Film
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Comparative Advantage and Cost Efficiency of Rice-Producing Farms in Bangladesh: A Policy Analysis
No full textThis study aims to investigate whether Bangladesh rice still has comparative advantage if fertilizer subsidy is lifted up, and to what extent the reduction of cost inefficiency raise comparative advantage. For that purpose, we calculate “Domestic Resource Cost (DRC)” as an indicator of comparative advantage, and estimate “cost inefficiency indicator” applying stochastic cost efficiency approach, using Bangladesh Integrated Household Survey data. Based on these indicators, we estimate the impacts of abolishing fertilizer subsidy program and improving cost efficiency on comparative advantage of Bangladesh rice. The results of analyses show; 1) dry season rice has comparative advantage while wet season rice does not, if fertilizer subsidy program is abolished; 2) if fertilizer subsidy is abolished, comparative advantage in overall rice production vanishes; 3) improvement of cost efficiency has positive effects on retrieving comparative advantage even if fertilizer subsidy program is abolished. These findings suggest that there is a scope for Bangladesh to increase global competitiveness by increasing cost efficiency of the rice farms targeting gradual reduction of input subsidy.本稿の目的は，バングラデシュ稲作が，肥料補助金を撤廃しても比較優位を持ち続けられるか，費用非効率性の低減により，どの程度比較優位が回復するかを検討することにある．そのため，本稿では，家計調査データを用い，国内資源費用（DRC）と，確率的フロンティアモデルによる費用非効率性とを推計したうえで，肥料補助金の廃止が比較優位指標におよす影響と，費用効率性の改善が稲作の比較優位におよぼす影響とを検討する．主要な分析結果は，1）乾季稲作は比較優位を持ち雨季稲作はそれを失っていること，2）肥料補助金が廃止された場合，稲作全体の比較優位は消滅すること，および，3）費用効率性の改善は，たとえ肥料費補助金が廃止されても，費用効率性の改善により，比較優位を回復し得ること，である．これらの分析結果は，肥料補助金を削減しても費用効率性を高めることにより，バングラデシュ稲作の国際競争力を向上させる可能性を示唆するものである
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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