1,720,975 research outputs found
DIGITAL WALLET (Electronic Financial Transaction System)
No full textMain goal of this project is reduce the transaction of physical cash. Cash transaction open the door of money Laundering. Money laundering is harmful for countries economy. Without banking transactions, no transaction is traceable. Traditional banking only forty hours per week, But people need use their money 24/7. Huge numbers of hard cash transaction are happening every day. If we can make all transactions traceable, 24/7 withdraw or deposit with banks, any time send money to others or anytime can pay all bills our life will be very fast and government can earn more revenue. Especially ecommerce need transfer money digitally. Our Digital Wallet system can make those possible
Comparative Study of Family Development Approach and Group Based Approach of Dipshikha on Poverty Reduction
Full text linkA Thesis
Submitted to the Faculty of Agriculture,
Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka,
in partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the degree of
MASTER OF SCIENCE
IN
AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION AND INFORMATION SYSTEMNon-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) are well-known in Bangladesh for their innovative
approaches. Dipshikha, an NGO, working for the resource poor people in order to reduce poverty
specially in the northern part of Bangladesh. It has been working through two approaches namely
(i) Family Development Approach and (ii) Group Based Approach. In the study attempts were
made to determine the extent of effectiveness of family development approach (FDA) and group
based approach (GBA) of Dipshikha towards poverty reduction. The effectiveness were measured
by computing the changes in annual income, expenditure for food and nutrition, expenditure for
health, education and others, land assets, productive assets other than land, non-productive assets,
housing condition, drinking water sources, sanitation conditions, between before and after
involvement with Dipshikha under both the approaches. Some of selected characteristics of the
respondents and their contribution to the effectiveness of family development approach and group
based approach were determined and described as well. Data were collected from early October
to early November, 2006.
The findings of the study indicated that the economical condition of Dipshikha beneficiaries
under both the approaches had improved significantly after involvement with Dipshikha in
relation with annual income, food and non-food expenditures, productive and non-productive
assets. The Head Count (HC) method pointed out that the poverty level reduced significantly after
involvement with Dipshikha under both the approaches. Poverty was reduced by 39% from 93%
in FDA and 31 % from 77% in G BA. Although, the Foster-Greer-Thorbecke (FGT) index showed
that 51 % of the respondents from FDA and 43% from GBA were stiU remain under upper poverty
line in terms of income.
By
MD. MAHBUBUL ISLAM
ABSTRACT
Social well beings conditions of the respondents namely housing condition, sanitation condition,
access of safe drinking water, knowledge on hea Ith and social issues and women empowerment
situation were improved significantly as well under both the approaches after involvement with
Dipshikha.
The findings revealed that 27%, 63% and I 0% of the respondents had low, medium and high
socio economic changes respectively after involvement with Dipshikha under FDA while, 27%,
68% and 5% had low, medium and high changes respectively in GBA. The independent sample t
test showed that there was no difference between the effectiveness of FDA and GBA towards
poverty reduction. But the findings showed that FDA has more potentials than GBA towards
poverty reduction in terms of time, credit utilization, credit repayment, savings accumulation,
training exposure, use of safe drinking water and sanitary latrine, awareness on health etc.
Implementation of family development plan. involvement with Dipshikha, savings of the family,
credit availability and acceptance of loan received condition had positive contribution and family
size had negative contribution to the effectiveness of FDA of Dipshikha. Utilization of credit,
annual income and attitude towards Dipshikha had positive contribution to the extent of
effectiveness of G BA of Dipshikha
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Effect of Oxidation on Mechanical Properties of Copper Nanowire: a Reaxff (reactive Force Field) Molecular Dynamics Study
No full textNanostructures with high surface area to volume ratio, such as oxidized and coated Cu nanowires (NWs), exhibit unique mechanical properties due to their size and surface effects. Understanding the complex oxidation process of Cu NWs at nanoscale and quantifying its resulting effects on mechanical behavior and properties are significantly essential for effective usage of Cu NW devices in a wide range of applications in nanoelectronics. Here, we perform molecular dynamics simulations using ReaxFF (reactive force field) to investigate the oxidation process and mechanisms of [001]-oriented cylindrical Cu NWs and its contribution on the mechanical deformation behavior and material properties as a function of NW sizes. The relatively thin oxide CuxOy layer is formed on the surface of Cu NWs in an O-2 environment, creating a core/shell (Cu/CuxOy) NW structure that played a key role in governing the overall tensile mechanical deformation behavior and properties of Cu NW. The formation of oxide layer effects, including the resulting interface and defects, leads to a reduction in the initial dislocation nucleation barrier, which facilitates the onset of plasticity and stress relaxation, ultimately resulting in a negative impact on the tensile strength, Young's modulus, yield stress and strain, and flow stress when compared to pristine counterparts. It is worth noting that the tensile mechanical response and properties of the Cu NWs are highly dependent on the pre-existing oxide shell layer associated with the size of NW, determining the overall mechanical performance and properties of Cu NWs
Atomic-Scale Investigation of the Effect of Surface Carbon Coatings on the Oxidation and Mechanical Properties of Iron Nanowires
No full textThe understanding of the complex atomistic-scale mechanisms of the oxidation process of carbon (C) coated iron nanowires (Fe NW) and also the resulting modulation of mechanical properties is a highly challenging task. We perform reactive molecular dynamics (RMD) simulations based on the ReaxFF force field to investigate the mechanisms of the oxidation process of [001]-oriented pristine cylindrical Fe NWs with and without a C coating in an O2 environment in order to obtain detailed insights into the influences of the surface C coating on the oxidation process at room temperature. Here, we show that the C-coated shell layer on the free surface of pristine Fe NWs partially controls the spontaneous oxidation when exposed to O2 molecules by hindering the absorption-dissociation of O2 molecules and diffusion of O ions into the shell layer. In particular, the surface modification of the pristine Fe NW with the C-coated shell layer has pronounced effects on the improvement of oxidation resistance by lowering the surface reactivity, which limits the formation of an oxide shell layer on the free surface of the NW. The formation of strong Fe-C bonds in the C-coated shell layer largely restrains the oxidation process. Furthermore, to examine the influence of the C-coated shell layer on the resulting modulation of mechanical properties of the pristine Fe NW, we systematically investigate the mechanical deformation processes and related properties of Fe NW with and without a C coating including their oxidized counterparts subjected to both uniaxial tensile and compressive loads at room temperature. The yield stress and strain (the elastic limit) of Fe NWs including the elastic and plastic deformation phase of the stress-strain relationship are found to be sensitive to the loading modes, the existence of the C-coated shell layer and the resulting formation of an oxide shell layer on the surface of the C-coated Fe NW
Atomic-scale investigation of the effect of surface carbon coatings on the oxidation and mechanical properties of iron nanowires
No full textThe understanding of the complex atomistic-scale mechanisms of the oxidation process of carbon (C) coated iron nanowires (Fe NW) and also the resulting modulation of mechanical properties is a highly challenging task. We perform reactive molecular dynamics (RMD) simulations based on the ReaxFF force field to investigate the mechanisms of the oxidation process of [001]-oriented pristine cylindrical Fe NWs with and without a C coating in an O-2 environment in order to obtain detailed insights into the influences of the surface C coating on the oxidation process at room temperature. Here, we show that the C-coated shell layer on the free surface of pristine Fe NWs partially controls the spontaneous oxidation when exposed to O-2 molecules by hindering the absorption-dissociation of O-2 molecules and diffusion of O ions into the shell layer. In particular, the surface modification of the pristine Fe NW with the C-coated shell layer has pronounced effects on the improvement of oxidation resistance by lowering the surface reactivity, which limits the formation of an oxide shell layer on the free surface of the NW. The formation of strong Fe-C bonds in the C-coated shell layer largely restrains the oxidation process. Furthermore, to examine the influence of the C-coated shell layer on the resulting modulation of mechanical properties of the pristine Fe NW, we systematically investigate the mechanical deformation processes and related properties of Fe NW with and without a C coating including their oxidized counterparts subjected to both uniaxial tensile and compressive loads at room temperature. The yield stress and strain (the elastic limit) of Fe NWs including the elastic and plastic deformation phase of the stress-strain relationship are found to be sensitive to the loading modes, the existence of the C-coated shell layer and the resulting formation of an oxide shell layer on the surface of the C-coated Fe NW
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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