139 research outputs found
Economic development, structural change, and women’s labor force participation:
No full textA sizable literature claims that female labor force participation (FLFP) follows a U-shaped trend as countries develop due to structural change, education, and fertility dynamics. We show that empirical support for this secular trend is feeble and depends on the data sources used, especially GDP estimates. The U also vanishes under dynamic panel estimations. Moreover, cross-country differences in levels of FLFP related to historical contingencies are more important than the muted U patterns found in some specifications. Given the large error margins in international GDP estimates and the sensitivity of the U relationship, we propose a more direct approach to explore the effect of structural change on FLFP using sector-specific growth rates. The results suggest that structural change affects FLFP consistent with a U pattern, but the effects are small. We conclude that the feminization U hypothesis as an overarching secular trend driving FLFP in the development process has little empirical support
Challenges and Opportunities in Education
No full textHuman capital refers to a broad range of knowledge, skills, and capabilities that are needed for life and work and that are typically build through quality education. Countries that fail to invest consistently in education often do not experience robust economic growth because investments in physical infrastructure, such as dams, roads, and airports as well as developments in other economic sectors such as banking or information technology, are often constrained and yield low returns in the absence of an adequately educated work force.
Human capital development is critical for setting Tanzania on a trajectory toward middle income status, a target it wants to reach by the year 2025. It is projected that a significant share of Tanzania’s economic growth over the coming decades will be concentrated in occupations that require citizens with postsecondary training and skills, as is already the case in middle-income countries. Hence the pressure and the challenge to close systemic gaps and inefficiencies that hamper the education system in the country
Horror of Intimacy/Intimacy of Horror - William Gaddis, The Recognitions 725/919 Counterfeit, Simulation, and the Uncanny in William Gaddis' The Recognitions
No full textWilliam Gaddis’ 1955 novel The Recognitions concerns a young painter, Wyatt Gwyon, and his\ud
involvement in a forgery ring in New York City. The characters of Gaddis’ New York, alongside Wyatt’s forged artworks, are observed to be bound to a perpetual cycle of misrecognition; they miss each other and are missed in return; thus the universe of The Recognitions, alongside Gaddis' text, is plagued by a persistent but untraceable sense of loss and anxiety. This untraceable sense of loss is underscored and\ud
multiplied by the motif of the counterfeit. Through the work of counterfeiting, Gaddis brokers a reality\ud
wherein recognition becomes a work of violence that serves to render the strange familiar, and the familiar, infinitely strange. Insofar as the familiar is made foreign and vice versa, the universe of the novel becomes a site of Freudian uncanny encounters with an ungraspable past that at once lords over and abandons the reality of Gaddis' characters, initiating a palindromic oscillation between the "horror of intimacy" (Gaddis 725) and the "intimacy of horror" (Gaddis 919). Wyatt’s attempts to come to terms\ud
with this shifting reality of misrecognition, displacement, and loss and his implication in its foundational work results in the corruption of his identity and of Gaddis’ text at large. Through the narrative and\ud
textual incorporation of simulation, Gaddis’ novel prefigures many of the concerns of postmodern\ud
literature, namely the death of the author, the infinite shift of the meaning of the text, and the subsequent birth of the reader. These concerns engender a new literature
2nd Planetary Data Workshop
No full textEncouraged topics included the availability of planetary data, including information on how the data are found, downloaded, processed, and used for cartography and scientific analysis; trends in data storage and rapid access; analysis and visualization tools using current and new algorithms and methods; hands-on training and how-to guides for acquiring, processing, and working with a variety of digital planetary data; and publicly available derived data products and services, including Geographic Information Systems, featuring data and tools customized for planetary data analysis.Sponsor:, Universities Space Research Association, Lunar and Planetary Institute, NASA Planetary Data System, NASA Cartography Research and Analysis Group, NASA Regional Planetary Image Facility Network, Astrogeology Science Center, U.S. Geological SurveyConveners: Lisa Gaddis, Astrogeology Science Center, USGS [and 7 others] ; Scientific Organizing Committee: Lisa Gaddis, Astrogeology Science Center, USGS [and 9 others]PARTIAL CONTENTS: Demonstrations of New SPICE Capabilities / C. H. Acton, B. V. Semenov, N. J. Bachman, and E. D. Wright--POW and MAP2: Job Management and Advanced Processing / S. W. Akins, T. M. Hare, R. M. Sucharski, M. S. Bailen, and L. R. Gaddis--Generation of a Database of Laboratory Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) Spectra and Associated Analysis Software / R. B. Anderson, S. M. Clegg, T. Graff, R. V. Morris, and J. Laura--ChemCam Data Access, Processing, and Interpretation / R. B. Anderson, K. E. Herkenhoff, R. C. Wiens, S. M. Clegg, O. Forni, J. Lasue, / A. Cousin, O. Gasnault, D. Delapp, N. Lanza, and D. Blaney--Status of the IAU Working Group on Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements and Its Upcoming Report / B. A. Archinal--The NASA Planetary Data System: Past, Present, and Future / R. E. Arvidson--Finding Stereo Pairs with the PDS Planetary Image Locator Tool (PILOT) / M. S. Bailen, K. E. Herkenhoff, A. E. Howington-Kraus, and K. J. Becker--ISIS Workshops Using Virtualization / K. J. Becker and T. L. Becker
Recondite Reading: William Gaddis\u27s Carpenter\u27s Gothic and the Difficulties of Late Modernism
No full textThis thesis concerns the perceived difficulty of the novels of William Gaddis, and in particular with his novel Carpenter\u27s Gothic (1985). It also addresses Gaddis\u27s place in literary history and periodization based upon that difficulty. Almost all critics of Gaddis are surveyed as to their commentary on the difficulty of his works. The comments of critics are categorized as pertaining to three types of difficulty in Gaddis\u27s work: the difficulty of readability, the difficulty of allusiveness, and the difficulty of ontological pessimism. Each operates at a different level of the reader\u27s experience. The difficulty of readability obscures the reader\u27s direct relationship with the text. The difficulty of allusiveness challenges the reader\u27s knowledge of other texts. The difficulty of ontological pessimism complicates the reader\u27s relationship to the world as a reader of a particular text. Next, three theorists of postmodernist literature, John Barth, Linda Hutcheon, and Brian McHale, are used to examine Gaddis\u27s novel in terms of periodization. Barth\u27s Literature of Replenishment differentiates between late modernist and postmodernist texts. Hutcheon\u27s concept of complicitous critique examines the precarious political situation of postmodernist texts. McHale\u27s theory of the ontological dominant differentiates modernism from postmodernism through the underlying philosophical outlook of each. In each case, Gaddis\u27s novel is found to be a late modernist text with important postmodernist qualities that represent a change in the tenor of Gaddis\u27s oeuvre. It is concluded that, because of his difficulty, Gaddis must be considered a late modernist author; however, he makes significant inroads into a postmodernist practice that makes his Carpenter\u27s Gothic an interesting point in the history of literature in the second half of the twentieth century
El origen de la guerra fría: cambios interpretativos en los trabajos de John Lewis Gaddis
No full textEl presente escrito pretende hacer un análisis historiográfico sobre los cambios que hay en las narrativas de John Lewis Gaddis sobre el origen de la guerra fría. Para hacer esto, se estudió la visión que tiene el autor sobre la historia, la importancia que tiene en la historiografía norteamericana y se compararon y contrastaron 3 de sus librosThis text pretends to make a historiographical analysis of the changes in the narratives of John Lewis Gaddis on the origin of the Cold War. To do this, there was an analysis of the author-s vision of history, his importance in American historiography and comparative study of 3 of his booksHistoriadorPregrad
The recognitions, de William Gaddis : originalidade, autenticidade e tradução
No full textOrientador: Prof. Dr. Caetano Waldrigues GalindoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Humanas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras. Defesa : Curitiba, 14/12/2020Inclui referências: p. 133-137Resumo: Este trabalho tem por objeto central a obra The Recognitions (1955), do autor
norte-americano William Gaddis (1922-1998). Embora tenha seu lugar bem
estabelecido no cânone estadunidense, considerado como o criador de um elo entre o modernismo e o pós-modernismo no tocante à ficção, Gaddis permanece pouco lido e pouco estudado. No Brasil, apenas uma de suas obras foi traduzida e, academicamente, pudemos encontrar apenas uma tese já defendida sobre o autor e sua obra. Tratando essencialmente de falsificações e falseamentos em seus mais diversos níveis, The Recognitions questiona o lugar do artista na era das reproduções, desestabilizando os conceitos de autoria e originalidade. Nesse sentido, retomando os estudos de Brisolara (2005) a esse respeito, este trabalho buscou relacionar à obra as noções de originalidade e autenticidade, como entendidas por Trilling (1971), para discutir o dilema pós-moderno da insuperabilidade do passado, em meio a originais e cópias. Além disso, buscou-se refletir sobre o papel do tradutor frente a esse dilema: qual é o lugar do tradutor de obras que são em si ecos e referências de obras de um passado que se coloca como insuperável? A partir disso, apresentou-se também uma reflexão sobre a prática de tradução da obra e, como fechamento deste processo, a tradução de toda a primeira parte do imenso romance. Palavras-chave: William Gaddis. The Recognitions. Originalidade. Autenticidade. Tradução.Abstract: In this research, our aim is to analyze the book The Recognitions (1955), by William Gaddis (1922-1998). Even though this book is well established in the North American canon, for creating a link between modern and post-modern fiction, Gaddis' novels have few readers and researchers. In Brazil, there is only one translation of his books and, academically, we were able to find only one doctoral dissertation regarding this author and his work. By essentially addressing falsifications in its many levels, The Recognitions questions the artist's position in the reproduction era, destabilizing concepts such as author and originality. Considering these aspects, by revisiting Brisolara's (2005) work, this research aims to relate this novel to concepts such as originality and authenticity, as discussed by Trilling (1971), in order to reflect on this post-modern dilemma of the past as something insuperable, amid copies and originals. Besides, we also aim to reflect on translation practice facing this dilemma, as well as the position occupied by a translator of books which are echoes and references of insuperable past books. We also present a discussion about our experience of translating the first part of this huge novel, as well as the translation itself. Keywords: William Gaddis. The Recognitions. Originality. Authenticity. Translation
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"On the hole business is very good."-- William Gaddis' rewriting of novelistic tradition in "JR" (1975)
No full textThe thesis examines how the American novelist William Gaddis replenishes the tradition of the novel by way of a parodic subversion of its enabling assumptions. In the face of the subject's on-going marginalization, mimetic narrative appears as an "exhausted" literary form. JR (1975) directs the reader's attention to the complexity of language. In that sense, the novel problematizes the conditions for the existence of meaning in fiction. By means of narrative dissemination, Gaddis points to those anarchic energies in oral speech, which thwart efforts to instrumentalize language. Human beings in JR do not possess a recognizable personality, they are metonymic functions of cultural discourses. Deprived of their origins, they have to cope with an orphaned existence. The author also suspends his controlling functions and becomes a narrative stumbling block through disconcerting intrusions. Thus the text is constituted from the diversity of linguistic material in popular culture
Prices for Poverty Analysis in Africa
No full textMeasuring poverty requires adjusting
nominal consumption (or income) into a real value of
consumption, across geographic areas and over time. To this
end, data on consumer prices are used to construct a price
index. There are a range of approaches to do this, from
using the consumer price index, to survey-based unit values,
which differ in the underlying sources of price data and
methodologies for indexing. These different approaches can
have large impacts on poverty measures and trends.
Surprisingly little attention has been focused on this
topic. This study reviews a range of issues and the evidence
on how prices matter for measuring poverty, particularly in
Africa. It draws on a wide literature, much from developed
countries, and offers suggestions for future work in this area
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George Kennan and the Russian Soul: Issues from the Authorized Kennan Biography by John Lewis Gaddis
No full textGeorge Frost Kennan is probably best known as the author of the “containment policy” which served as the overarching principle informing U.S. foreign policy during the Cold War. With the collapse of the Soviet empire in Eastern Europe in 1989 and the demise of the Soviet Union itself in 1991, very much along the lines that Kennan had foreseen when launching his policy recommendations in 1946, one might assume that the master's life and thoughts would be of consequence today only to historians of the Cold War, like his authorized biographer John Gaddis.
However, a second abiding concern of Kennan throughout his career was to defend the principle of interest-based foreign policy, or Realpolitik, as opposed to the moralistic-legalistic approach to policy formulation which prevailed in the American foreign policy community of his day. Since that very same object of Kennan's scorn, Wilsonian idealism, has become even further entrenched in the Washington of our day, Kennan's life and thoughts are also directly relevant to current politics in America. Moreover, as I will set out in this essay, there are issues surrounding Kennan's career in government service that are instructive as regards today's practices of recruiting and promoting top level planners and implementers of foreign policy. For these reasons, it is very good that in his biography of Kennan which came out last year Gaddis does not let his own persona intrude —put simply, he does not get in the way. He has thereby facilitated a growing discussion about Kennan in the professional community
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