196,098 research outputs found
Danger of helmet continuous positive airway pressure during failure of fresh gas source supply
No full textObjective: To assess the behavior of different helmets after discontinuation of fresh gas flow by disconnection at the helmet inlet, flow generator, or gas source. Design and setting: Randomized physiological study in a university research laboratory. Patients: Five healthy volunteers. Intervention: CPAP (FIO2 50%, PEEP 5 cmH2O) delivered in random sequence with three different helmets: 4Vent (Rüsch), PN500 (Harol), CaStar (StarMed) with antisuffocation valve open or locked. For each helmet all three disconnections were randomly employed up to 4 min. Measurements and results: During flow disconnection we measured: respiratory rate and tidal volume by respitrace; inspiratory and expiratory CO2 concentration, and FIO2 from a nostril; SpO2 by pulse oxymetry. Independently of the site of disconnection we observed a fast increase in CO2 rebreathing and minute ventilation, associated with a decrease in inspired O2 concentration. In the absence of an operational safety valve, larger helmet size and lower resistance of the inlet hose resulted in slower increase in CO2 rebreathing. The presence of the safety valve limited the rebreathing of CO2, and the increase in minute ventilation but did not protect from a decrease in FIO2 and loss of PEEP. Conclusions: While the use of a safety valve proved effective in limiting CO2 rebreathing, it did not protect from the risk of hypoxia related to decrease in FIO2 and loss of PEEP. In addition to a safety antisuffocation valve, a dedicated monitoring and alarming systems are needed to employ helmet CPAP safely
Guessing as a service: large language models are not yet ready for vulnerability detection
No full textThe growing number of reported software vulnerabilities underscores the need for efficient detection methods, especially for resource-limited organizations. While traditional techniques like fuzzing and symbolic execution are effective, they require significant manual effort. Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) show promise for zero-shot learning, leveraging pre-training on diverse datasets to detect vulnerabilities without fine-tuning. This study evaluates quantized models (e.g., Mistral v0.3), code-specialized models (e.g., CodeQwen 1.5), and fine-tuned approaches like PDBERT. Zero-shot models perform poorly, with a precision below 0.46, and even PDBERT’s high metrics (precision 0.91, specificity 0.99) are undermined by overfitting. These findings emphasize the limitations of current AI solutions and the necessity for approaches tailored to the specific problem
Anaerobic metabolism during cardiopulmonary bypass: predictive value of carbon dioxide derived parameters
No full textBACKGROUND:
Hyperlactatemia during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is a common event and is associated to a high morbidity and mortality after cardiac operations. The present study is aimed to identify the possible predictors of hyperlactatemia during CPB among a series of oxygen and carbon dioxide derived parameters measured during CPB.
METHODS:
This is a prospective observational study on 54 patients undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB. Hyperlactatemia was defined as an arterial lactate concentration higher than 3 mMol/L. Serial blood lactate assays have been performed during CPB, and their association to a number of oxygen and carbon dioxide derived parameters was explored.
RESULTS:
Arterial blood lactate concentration was positively correlated to the CPB duration, the carbon dioxide elimination, and the respiratory quotient, and negatively correlated to the presence of the aortic cross-clamping, the body surface area, the ratio between the oxygen delivery and the carbon dioxide production, and the arterial oxygen saturation. Predictors of hyperlactatemia during CPB are a carbon dioxide production higher than 60 mL.min(-1).m(-2), a respiratory quotient higher than 0.9, and a ratio between oxygen delivery and carbon dioxide production lower than 5.
CONCLUSIONS:
Carbon dioxide derived parameters are representative of hyperlactatemia during CPB, as a result of the carbon dioxide produced under anaerobic conditions through the buffering of protons by the bicarbonate system. The carbon dioxide elimination rate measured at the exhaled site of the oxygenator may be used for an indirect assessment of the metabolic state of the patient
Postoperative analgesia for early extubation after cardiac surgery. A prospective, randomized trial
No full textBACKGROUND: Early extubation after cardiac surgery is a procedure recently gaining interest due to its ability to shorten intensive care unit and hospital stay and to limit the operation-related costs. Its use, however, raised new problems in terms of pain control in the early postoperative course, due to the need for limiting opioid analgesia. This study deals with non-opioid pain control after cardiac surgery and early extubation. METHODS: Prospective, randomized trial aimed to investigate the effectiveness of three intravenous analgesic drugs (ketorolac, 60 mg i.v.; propacetamol, 2 g i.v.; tramadol, 200 mg i.v.) for the management of postoperative pain in early extubated cardiac surgical patients. Each treatment group comprised 20 patients. RESULTS: The pain assessment (5-item verbal scale) demonstrated a significant (p < 0.05) lower value in patients treated with ketorolac vs propacetamol, while patients treated with tramadol did not significantly differ from the other two groups. There was a significantly (p < 0.05) higher rate of patients with severe pain in propacetamol group. Patients treated with tramadol had a significantly (p < 0.01) higher PaCO2 (48 +/- 6 mmHg) versus patients treated with ketorolac (43.4 +/- 3.7 mmHg) or propacetamol (42.9 +/- 3.4 mmHg). CONCLUSIONS: Tramadol and ketorolac seem to be the best options for treating postoperative pain in the specific setting of early extubation after cardiac surgery; high doses of tramadol may result in a significant even if clinically not relevant respiratory depression
Dr. Duane M. Jackson, Morehouse College, July 2011
No full textThis video is a conversation with Dr. Duane M. Jackson. Dr. Jackson talks about his paper, "Recall and the Serial Position Effect: The Role of Primacy and Recency on Accounting Students' Performance." Jackie Daniel, AUC Woodruff Library, is the interviewer
"Reflections on the subject of Emigration from Europe with a view to Settlement in the United States" By M. Carey.
No full text"Reflections on the subject of Emigration from Europe with a view to Settlement in the United States: containing bried sketches of the moral and political character of those states.
By M. Carey, member of the American philosophical, and of the American Antiquarian Society, and author of The Olive Branch, Cindiciae Hibernicae, essays on banking, on political economy, and on internal improvement.
To which are now added the English editor's comments on the subject; together with Important Advice to Emigrants, and Cautions Against Impositions Practiced in the Outports
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Dr. Glendon Swarthout
No full textHosted by Roger M. Busfield, MSU Assistant Professor of Speech and Theater, Meet the Author is designed to introduce a general audience to a contemporary author and their work through in-depth interviews. This episode features a conversation between Dr. Glendon Swarthout, prolific author and English professor at MSU, and assistant professors Sam S. Baskett and Theodore B. Strandness
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