1,720,979 research outputs found

    Dünenökosysteme im südlichen Ostseeraum: Diversität, Lebensraumwandel und Gefährdung

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    Die Dissertation von Jann Peyrat konzentriert sich auf naturnahe Küstendünen entlang der südlichen Ostseeküste von Deutschland, Polen, der russischen Enklave Kaliningrad und Litauen. Ziel der Studie war die Erstellung einer Übersicht über Vegetation, Umweltprobleme, Dynamik von Pflanzengesellschaften und Landschaftsveränderungen dieser Küstendünenhabitate. Die untersuchten Küstendünen verfügen über eine hohe ökologische Vielfalt: Wechselnde Umweltbedingungen, sowie das Zusammenspiel zwischen Sukzession, Exposition, Störungsintensität und Ressourcenverfügbarkeit führen zu unterschiedlichen Sukzessionsmustern und -raten. Daher setzen sich diese zum Teil geomorphologisch aktiven und sehr dynamischen Dünensysteme aus einem Mosaik unterschiedlichster Lebensräume zusammen. Insgesamt wurden 230 Arten (Gefäßpflanzen, Flechten und Moose) kartiert, von denen 43 als national gefährdete Rote Liste Arten aufgeführt sind. Typische Pflanzengesellschaften sind das Elymo arenarii-Ammophiletum arenariae auf Weißdünen, das Helichryso arenarii-Jasionetum litoralis auf Graudünen und das Empetro nigri-Pinetum sylvestris auf Braundünen. Eine Besonderheit des südlichen Ostseeraums stellt die endemische annuelle Pioniervegetation auf den aktiven Flugsandgebieten der Kurischen Nehrung und der Łeba Nehrung dar. Die Vegetation der Küstendünen ist durch Klimawandel, der eine Zunahme der Küstenerosion, Meeresspiegelanstieg und Verschiebung der Vegetationsperioden verursacht und durch steigenden anthropogenen Einfluss von Tourismus, Industrie und Küstenschutzmaßnahmen gefährdet. Daher sind ungestörte Dünenökosysteme heutzutage selten und gefährdet. Aufgrund ihres begrenzten Vorkommens und ihrer Gefährdung sind Küstendünen entlang der südlichen Ostseeküste unter der FFH-Richtlinie 92/43/EEC, als Natura 2000-Gebiete oder in Nationalparks und Naturschutzgebieten geschützt. Die besondere Bedeutung der untersuchten Küstendünen liegt in ihrem hohen naturschutzfachlichem Wert, der aus den zahlreichen seltenen und gefährdeten Gefäßpflanzen, Flechten, Moosen und Pflanzengesellschaften und der in Teilen bestehenden Lebensraumdynamik resultiert. Die Qualität und die kritischen Umweltfaktoren dieser Habitate sind von zentraler Bedeutung für deren zukünftiges Management und Naturschutz. Managementpraktiken sollten auf die Wiederherstellung der offenen, dynamischen Lebensräume und der Mobilität des Sandes ausgerichtet sein (z.B. durch Beweidung Mahd, dem Entfernen von Nadelbaumforsten und großflächiger Destabilisierung) und die richtige Balance zwischen großräumiger Dynamik und Sukzession unterstützen

    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

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    The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed

    Variations on the Author

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    “Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship

    Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis

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    We provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis

    Phytodiversität im Verhältnis zu räumlichen und zeitlichen Skalen

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    Variables determining species richness vary with scale; the larger the scale, the greater the role that they play, and the more complex are the processes involved in determining species richness. A more or less hierarchical structure of patterns and processes predict species richness. At the global scale large gradient complexes, at the landscape scale the number of habitats, and at the plot scale the variability of soil factors, affect species diversity. Moreover, biotic patterns and related processes influence species diversity, often by changing environmental conditions, e.g. disturbance by grazing or competition by shrub encroachment. The spatial hierarchical structure is connected with the temporal scale and complexity of species area relations is enhanced by temporal dynamics. Thus for nature conservation aspects as well as for studying general biodiversity patterns and processes there is a necessity to consider different spatial and temporal scales

    Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts

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    We conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more sophisticated methods

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