1,720,997 research outputs found
Length of stay and prior heart failure admission in frailty and heart failure: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Full text linkAbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to compare the differences in length of stay (LoS) and prior hospitalization due to heart failure (HHF) in patients with HF and frailty versus without frailty.Methods and resultsFrom inception until August 2024, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane Library were searched. To examine the association related to LoS and HHF in patients with HF, a meta‐analysis using a random‐effects model was conducted (CRD42024570604). Our main analysis demonstrated a significantly increased LoS in patients with frailty versus those without frailty [n = 10; mean difference (MD): 3.67; 95% CI: 2.26–5.08, I2 = 93%, P < 0.01]. Likewise, patients with frailty had significantly increased odds of HHF [n = 17; odds ratio (OR): 1.76; 95% CI: 1.50–2.07, I2 = 81%, P < 0.01]. Risk of bias assessment of the included studies was overall fair, while Egger's test showed publication bias regarding studies that examined LoS (P = 0.02).ConclusionsPatients with frailty have longer LoS and more frequent HHF, underscoring the need for early, targeted interventions to manage frailty that may be attributed primarily to ageing and comorbidity‐related status.</jats:sec
The effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on muscle and whole-body protein synthesis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textContext: Sarcopenia describes the age-related decline in skeletal muscle mass and strength that is driven, at least in part, by an imbalance between rates of muscle protein synthesis (MPS) and muscle protein breakdown. An expanding body of literature has examined the effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) ingestion on MPS rates in older adults, with mixed findings. Objective: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the effectiveness of n-3 PUFA ingestion in stimulating rates of MPS and whole-body protein synthesis in healthy adults and clinical populations. Data Sources: Searches were conducted of the PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Scopus databases from inception until December 2022 for articles on randomized controlled trials comparing the effect of n-3 PUFA ingestion vs a control or placebo on rates of MPS and whole-body protein synthesis. The search yielded 302 studies, of which 8 were eligible for inclusion. Data Extraction: The random effects inverse-variance model was used and standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95%CIs were calculated to assess the pooled effect. Risk of bias was assessed by the Cochrane Risk-of-Bias 2 tool. Data Analysis: The main analysis indicated no effect of n-3 PUFA supplementation on MPS rates (k = 6; SMD: 0.03; 95%CI, -0.35 to 0.40; I2 = 30%; P =. 89). Subgroup analysis based on age, n-3 PUFA dose, duration of supplementation, and method used to measure fractional synthetic rate also revealed no effect of n-3 PUFA ingestion on MPS. In contrast, the main analysis demonstrated an effect of n-3 PUFA ingestion on increasing whole-body protein synthesis rates (k = 3; SMD: 0.51; 95%CI, 0.12-0.90; I2 = 0%; P =. 01). Conclusions: n-3 PUFA ingestion augments the stimulation of whole-body protein synthesis rates in healthy adults and clinical populations
Global skeletal muscle metabolomics reveals mechanisms behind higher response to resistance training in older adults
No full textResistance training (RT) is a highly effective intervention for combating frailty by improving muscle mass, strength, and function in aging. Older adults often show heterogeneous muscle-related responses to RT. The purpose of this study was to discover how responsiveness to RT manifests in muscle-specific metabolomic responses in a cohort of older adults.This study is a secondary analysis on the vastus lateralis muscle biopsies collected from a completed RT and whey protein supplementation trial. We utilised data from a total of 50 participants who performed unilateral knee extensions twice weekly for 10 weeks. One leg completed 1 set, and the other completed 4 sets of 8–15 repetitions. We analysed the 4-set condition, previously shown to induce greater muscle hypertrophy. Response variability was assessed using MRI-measured muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) changes. Responders were defined as those with hypertrophy exceeding the 1.7% method error. Quadriceps CSA in the lower responders (LowR) increased from 53.6 ± 12.1 cm² to 55.4 ± 12.8 cm² after 10 weeks of RT (3.3 ± 1.7%, P &lt; 0.001), and in higher responders (HighR) from 53.7 ± 12.5 cm² to 59.2 ± 13.6 cm² (10.3 ± 2.0%, P &lt; 0.001).Muscle biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis before and after RT. We performed untargeted LC-MS metabolomics to investigate changes in muscle metabolic regulation. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) using polar extracts achieved a 75% average correct classification rate for predicting HighR and LowR, validated using 1,000 bootstraps. We then performed N-way ANOVA on log-transformed metabolic features to test for differences before and after RT in HighR (n=25, mean age 67±4 years) vs. LowR (n=25, mean age 69±5 years).There were no significant differences in the baseline metabolomic profile. HighR participants showed greater relative levels of amino acids (e.g., isoleucine, leucine, valine, phenylalanine, lysine, glutamine, methionine, tyrosine, citrulline, tryptophan, kynurenine, indole) and gut-related metabolites (choline, indole, kynurenic acid, adrenaline, isoprenaline) (FDR &lt; 0.05). Several gut-derived metabolites were significantly elevated in HighR, including indole metabolites, 4-hydroxyhippurate, proline, and stachydrine (FDR &lt; 0.05). Pathway enrichment using Mummichog revealed significant enrichment of tyrosine, aspartate, and tryptophan metabolism (P-Fisher &lt; 0.05).Our findings identify branched-chain amino acid catabolism, tryptophan metabolism (indole and kynurenine pathways), the TCA cycle, gut-derived metabolites, carnosine, and acylcarnitine metabolism as prominent pathways disrupted in LowR. Metabolomics offers potential to improve intervention strategies to reduce sarcopenia and frailty in aging.</div
Sarcopenia is linked to higher levels of B-type natriuretic peptide and its N-terminal fragment in heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Full text linkAimsSarcopenia is linked to impaired physical function and exercise tolerance. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the association of sarcopenia and low appendicular skeletal muscle (ASM) with biomarkers of cardiac function, B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and its N-terminal fragment (NT-proBNP), in patients with heart failure (HF).Methods and resultsFrom inception until May 2023, a systematic literature search of observational studies was undertaken utilizing the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases. A meta-analysis employing a random-effects model was used to compute the pooled effects (CRD42023418465). Overall, 16 studies were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Our main analysis showed that sarcopenia in HF was linked to significantly higher levels of BNP (MD: 87.76, 95% CI 20.74-154.78, I2 = 61%, P = 0.01) and NT-proBNP (MD: 947.45, 95% CI 98.97-1795.93, I2 = 35%, P = 0.03). Similarly, low ASM was associated with significantly higher levels of BNP (MD: 118.95, 95% CI 46.91-191.00, I2 = 93%, P 2 = 2%, P ConclusionsIn patients with HF, sarcopenia and reduced ASM are associated with considerably higher plasma levels of BNP and NT-proBNP. Future research is required to investigate whether sarcopenia may express dysregulated biomarkers of cardiac function
Association between amount and source of dietary protein intake with bone mineral density among elderly women
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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