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Aspects of the epidemiology of Ditylenchus gigas on faba bean and its interactions with Botrytis fabae
Get PDFThe supply of faba bean in UK is unreliable. This may be linked to many factors, including
biotic pressure especially from pathogens. The study investigated the interaction between a
biotrophic nematode (Ditylenchus gigas) and a necrotrophic fungus (Botrytis fabae). In faba
bean, B. fabae causes chocolate spot disease while D. gigas causes stem lesions.
D. gigas is the dominant species of Ditylenchus on faba bean in the UK. Its spread is
controlled in part by certification schemes. To understand how fast isolated infections of D.
gigas evading certification will spread spatially, field experiments building on the work in
other species of Ditylenchus were conducted over two seasons. These suggest that spatial
spread of the nematode on beans through the growing season is dependent on distance of
inoculum from the plant, the orientation of the inoculum from the plant and environmental
factors in the field. Nematodes spread from a centrally pre-inoculated plant to a distance of
1.6 m within a season.
B. fabae often co-exists in the presence of D. gigas and therefore glasshouse investigations
were designed to test the hypothesis that B. fabae (as a necrotroph) will decrease
susceptibility to D. gigas (a biotroph) and together they will reciprocally affect each other’s
population density and reduce the productivity of faba bean. An initial experiment involved
nematodes alone, while a second experiment involved D. gigas and B. fabae co-inoculations.
Similar data from the two experiments were pooled together for analysis using the mixed
model for multiple experiments in GenStat. Antagonistic interaction on the population of D.
gigas was observed, as the number of nematodes extracted from lone inoculation of D. gigas
was more than those from co-inoculation of the two organisms, suggesting an induced
response. However, a synergistic interaction was observed on grain yield, as the reduction in
grain yield was more with co-inoculation than lone inoculation of either organism.
In the light of work on induced defence mechanisms to plant pathogens and pests, the
hypothesis that the order of infection (i.e., whether D. gigas infects before B. fabae or vice
versa) will have an effect on induced resistance and affect crop production was then tested.
Potted faba bean (cv. Fuego) were first inoculated with either B. fabae or D. gigas at 2 weeks
after planting. A second inoculation was done 2 weeks after the first one. The second B.
fabae inoculation was applied on the upper leaves with protection to prevent spill over to the
previously inoculated leaves. Inoculation of B. fabae did not induced defence response
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against D. gigas. However, pre-inoculation of B. fabae reduced subsequent B. fabae
infection, suggesting an induced defence response specific to this species.
Two successive field trials were conducted to determine whether the glasshouse results
obtained previously were applicable to the field situation and tested the hypothesis that plant
nutrition (application of fertilizers) and/or plant variety affect crop production. None of the
results were significant at the 5 % level. The results from the first season were consistent
with those from the controlled environment experiment but those from second season
differed. The trend indicated that cv. Babylon was more resistant to chocolate spot than cv.
Fuego. Also, potassium sulphate fertilizer very slightly but consistently reduced the severity
of chocolate spot and rust compared to potassium chloride.
It became increasingly apparent that the methods of monitoring and quantifying D. gigas in
the studies were time consuming. Therefore, a qPCR assay was developed for the
simultaneous quantification and identification of D. gigas and B. fabae in faba bean, although
specificity of the assay at species level was not tested
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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