161 research outputs found
sj-docx-1-qjp-10.1177_17470218231191442 – Supplemental material for Post-migration living difficulties and poor mental health associated with increased interpretation bias for threat
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-qjp-10.1177_17470218231191442 for Post-migration living difficulties and poor mental health associated with increased interpretation bias for threat by Anastasia Vikhanova, Marc S Tibber and Isabelle Mareschal in Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology</p
sj-docx-1-qjp-10.1177_17470218221094296 – Supplemental material for Contextualising facial expressions: The effect of temporal context and individual differences on classification
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-qjp-10.1177_17470218221094296 for Contextualising facial expressions: The effect of temporal context and individual differences on classification by Kinenoita Irwantoro, Nathali Nimsha Nilakshi Lennon, Isabelle Mareschal and Ahamed Miflah Hussain Ismail in Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology</p
Spatial limitations in averaging social cues
No full textColin W. G. Clifford is supported by Australian Research Council Future Fellowship FT110100150. Isabelle Mareschal is supported by a Leverhulme Project Grant RPG-2013-218
Temporal and Spatial Response to Second-Order Stimuli in Cat Area 18
No full text Mareschal, Isabelle and Curtis L. Baker, Jr. Temporal and spatial response to second-order stimuli in cat area 18. J. Neurophysiol. 80: 2811–2823, 1998. Approximately one-half of the neurons in cat area 18 respond to contrast envelope stimuli, consisting of a sinewave carrier whose contrast is modulated by a drifting sinewave envelope of lower spatial frequency. These stimuli should fail to elicit a response from a conventional linear neuron because they are designed to contain no spatial frequency components within the cell's luminance-defined frequency passband. We measured neurons' responses to envelope stimuli by varying both the drift rate and spatial frequency of the contrast modulation. These data were then compared with the same neurons' spatial and temporal properties obtained with luminance-defined sinewave gratings. Most neurons' responses to the envelope stimuli were spatially and temporally bandpass, with bandwidths comparable with those measured with luminance gratings. The temporal responses of these neurons (temporal frequency tuning and latency) were systematically slower when tested with envelope stimuli than with luminance gratings. The simplest kind of model that can accommodate these results is one having separate, parallel streams of bandpass processing for luminance and envelope stimuli. </jats:p
Selective binding of facial features reveals dynamic expression fragments
No full textThis work was supported by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [grant number EP/
M026965/1] awarded to AJ, the Leverhulme Trust (LPG-2013-218) awarded to AJ and AI and the NIHR
Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre
Pupil response hazard rates predict perceived gaze durations
No full textWe investigated the mechanisms for evaluating perceived gaze-shift duration. Timing relies on the accumulation of endogenous physiological signals. Here we focused on arousal, measured through pupil dilation, as a candidate timing signal. Participants timed gaze-shifts performed by face stimuli in a Standard/Probe comparison task. Pupil responses were binned according to “Longer/Shorter” judgements in trials where Standard and Probe were identical. This ensured that pupil responses reflected endogenous arousal fluctuations opposed to differences in stimulus content. We found that pupil hazard rates predicted the classification of sub-second intervals (steeper dilation =“Longer” classifications). This shows that the accumulation of endogenous arousal signals informs gaze-shift timing judgements. We also found that participants relied exclusively on the 2nd stimulus to perform the classification, providing insights into timing strategies under conditions of maximum uncertainty. We observed no dissociation in pupil responses when timing equivalent neutral spatial displacements, indicating that a stimulus-dependent timer exploits arousal to time gaze-shifts
Time-Order Errors in Duration Judgment Are Independent of Spatial Positioning
No full textTime-order errors (TOEs) occur when the discriminability between two stimuli are affected by the order in which they are presented. While TOEs have been studied since the 1860s, it is unknown whether the spatial properties of a stimulus will affect this temporal phenomenon. In this experiment, we asked whether perceived duration, or duration discrimination, might be influenced by whether two intervals in a standard two-interval method of constants paradigm were spatially overlapping in visual short-term memory. Two circular sinusoidal gratings (one standard and the other a comparison) were shown sequentially and participants judged which of the two was presented for a longer duration. The test stimuli were either spatially overlapping (in different spatial frames) or separate. Stimulus order was randomized between trials. The standard stimulus lasted 600 ms, and the test stimulus had one of seven possible values (between 300 and 900 ms). There were no overall significant differences observed between spatially overlapping and separate stimuli. However, in trials where the standard stimulus was presented second, TOEs were greater, and participants were significantly less sensitive to differences in duration. TOEs were also greater in conditions involving a saccade. This suggests there is an intrinsic memory component to two interval tasks in that the information from the first interval has to be stored; this is more demanding when the standard is presented in the second interval. Overall, this study suggests that while temporal information may be encoded in some spatial form, it is not dependent on visual short-term memory
Temporal order judgements of dynamic gaze stimuli reveal a postdictive prioritisation of averted over direct shifts
No full textWe studied temporal order judgements (TOJs) of gaze shift behaviours and evaluated the impact of gaze direction (direct and averted gaze) and face context information (both eyes set within a single face or each eye within two adjacent hemifaces) on TOJ performance measures. Avatar faces initially gazed leftwards or rightwards (Starting Gaze Direction). This was followed by sequential and independent left and right eye gaze shifts with various amounts of stimulus onset asynchrony. Gaze shifts could be either Matching (both eyes end up pointing direct or averted) or Mismatching (one eye ends up pointing direct, the other averted). Matching shifts revealed an attentional cueing mechanism, where TOJs were biased in favour of the eye lying in the hemispace cued by the avatar’s Starting Gaze Direction. For example, the left eye was more likely to be judged as shifting first when the avatar initially gazed toward the left side of the screen. Mismatching shifts showed biased TOJs in favour of the eye performing the averted shift, but only in the context of two separate hemifaces that does not violate expectations of directional gaze shift congruency. This suggests a postdictive inferential strategy that prioritises eye movements based on the type of gaze shift, independently of where attention is initially allocated. Averted shifts are prioritised over direct, as these might signal the presence of behaviourally relevant information in the environment
Pupil dilation as an index of preferred mutual gaze duration
No full textMost animals look at each other to signal threat or interest. In humans, this social interaction is usually punctuated with brief periods of mutual eye contact. Deviations from this pattern of gazing behaviour generally make us feel uncomfortable and are a defining characteristic of clinical conditions such as autism or schizophrenia, yet it is unclear what constitutes normal eye contact. Here, we measured, across a wide range of ages, cultures and personality types, the period of direct gaze that feels comfortable and examined whether autonomic factors linked to arousal were indicative of people’s preferred amount of eye contact. Surprisingly, we find that preferred period of gaze duration is not dependent on fundamental characteristics such as gender, personality traits or attractiveness. However, we do find that subtle pupillary changes, indicative of physiological arousal, correlate with the amount of eye contact people find comfortable. Specifically, people preferring longer durations of eye contact display faster increases in pupil size when viewing another person than those preferring shorter durations. These results reveal that a person’s preferred duration of eye contact is signalled by physiological indices (pupil dilation) beyond volitional control that may play a modulatory role in gaze behaviour
WLR-intervention
No full textThis repository contains the data and code supporting the article "The effects of a reading-based intervention on emotion processing in children who have suffered early adversity and war related trauma" by Julia Michalek, Matteo Lisi, Deema Awad, Kristin Hadfield, Isabelle Mareschal, & Rana Dajani.
Manuscript published in Frontiers in Psychology: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.61375
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