1,721,204 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
NOVOS ANALGÉSICOS SINTÉTICOS PARA TRATAMENTO DE DORES AGUDAS DESENVOLVIDOS POR BIOPROSPECÇÃO A PARTIR DE UM PEPTÍDEO DO VENENO DA SERPENTE Crotalus durissus cascavella
No full textCARVALHO, Isabella Fernandes. Novos analgésicos sintéticos para tratamento de dores agudas desenvolvidos por bioprospecção a partir de um peptídeo do veneno da serpente Crotalus durissus cascavella. Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Maria Izabel Florindo Guedes. Tese de Doutorado. Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia/Renorbio/Universidade Estadual do Ceará - 2016.No presente trabalho, foram desenvolvidos novos analgésicos sintéticos a partir da bioprospecção de um novo peptídeo natural inédito isolado do veneno da Crotalus durissus cascavella. O peptídeo natural, FFRR, apresentou moderada atividade analgésica no teste de contorções por via intraperitoneal e foi usado como modelo objetivando obter analgésicos sintéticos com maior potência analgésica. Assim, inicialmente foi sintetizado o seu isômero dFdFdRdR-NH2, com a carboxila C-terminal bloqueada e contendo os mesmos aminoácidos, mas na forma dextrogira, com o intuito de proteger a sua molécula de degradação in vivo pelas peptidases. Esse peptídeo sintético apresentou no teste de dor aguda de Contorções Abdominais potência duas vezes maior que seu isômero natural e sua atividade não foi inibida pelo naloxona, sugerindo que seu mecanismo de ação independe do sistema opióide. Em seguida, em busca de analgésicos ainda mais potentes, usou-se a sequência mínima dFdR desse peptídeo como modelo para síntese dos novos derivados di-, tetra-, hexa-, octa-, deca- e duodecapeptídeo. Com exceção do dipeptídeo, os demais apresentaram atividade analgésica por via i.p. no teste de Contorções Abdominais, Formalina (fases 1 e 2) e Retirada da Cauda, mas nenhum efeito foi verificado no Teste da Placa Quente, sugerindo que o mecanismo de ação desses peptídeos ocorre em nível periférico e medular, mas não em nível cerebral. Os resultados baseados nos valores da DE (dose efetiva que causa 50% da resposta máxima) e comparados mol a mol, mostraram que a potência analgésica do octapeptídeo foi superior às dos demais. Em relação à da morfina, sua potência foi também bastante superior, sendo 5 vezes maior no Teste da Contorções, três vezes maior no Teste da Formalina Fase1, duas vezes maior no Teste da Formalina Fase 2 e duas vezes no Retirada da Cauda. Resultado surpreendente e inesperado ocorreu quando o octapeptídeo administrado por via oral nesses ensaios de dor aguda, apresentou também potente atividade analgésica, ou seja, cerca de 65-70% daquela da morfina. Várias evidências sugerem que esses peptídeos podem atuar como Cell Penetrating Peptides (CPPs): i) possuem estruturas policatiônicas (aminoácidos argininas); ii) apresentam estruturas anfipáticas com aminoácidos apolares (fenilalaninas) e polares (argininas) e iii) possuem potentes ações analgésicas pelas vias intraperitoneal e oral, sugerindo que são bem absorvidos, atravessando membranas celulares como fariam os CPPs. Esses peptídeos também apresentam outras propriedades com grande potencial para o desenvolvimento de novos fármacos analgésicos: a) São pequenas moléculas (< 2.000 daltons) que podem ser sintetizadas de maneira fácil, rápida e pouco dispendiosa; b) Seus efeitos analgésicos por via oral podem ser potencializados por técnicas para aumentar a sua absorção, tais como através de lipossomos, nanopartículas, ciclodextrinas, polímeros mucoadesivos, inibidores enzimáticos, dentre outros, e c) Podem ser facilmente patenteados, inclusive no Brasil, por tratarem-se de substâncias não-naturais.Palavras-chave: dor, analgésicos sintéticos, toxinas animais, bioprospecção.CARVALHO, Isabella Fernandes. New synthetic analgesics to treat severe pain developed by bioprospecting from a peptid isolated from Crotalus durissus cascavella Advisor: Profa. Dra. Maria Izabel Florindo Guedes. Doctoral thesis/Northeast Biotechnology Network / RENORBIO, State University of Ceará 2016.In this work, we developed new synthetic analgesics from bioprospecting a new novel natural peptide isolated from the venom of Crotalus durissus cascavella. The natural peptide, FFRR, displayed a moderate analgesic activity in the Writhing Test by the intraperitoneal route and was used as a model aiming to obtain synthetic analgesics with greater analgesic potency. Thus, it was initially synthesized its isomer dFdFdRdR-NH2, with the C-terminal carboxyl blocked and containing the same amino acids, but in dextrorotatory form, in order to protect their degradation molecule in vivo by peptidases. This synthetic peptide presented in the same test above the analgesic potency twice greater than its natural isomer and its activity was not inhibited by naloxone, suggesting that its mechanism of action is independent of the opioid system. In search of more potent analgesics, the minimal motif dFdR of this synthetic peptide was used as a template for synthesis of new derivatives containing two, four, six, eight, ten and twelve amino acids. With the exception of the dipeptide, the others showed analgesic activity by the intraperitoneal route in Writhing Test, Formalin (phases 1 and 2) and Tail Flick), but no effect was observed in the Hot Plate Test, suggesting that the mechanism of action of these peptides occurs in peripheral and spinal level, but not at the brain level. The results, based on the ED values (effective dose causing 50% maximal response) and compared mol to mol, showed that the analgesic potency of the octapeptide was superior to the others. Compared to morphine, his potency was also much higher, five times higher in the Writhing Test, three times in the Phase1 Formalin Test, twice in Phase 2 Formalin Test, and twice in the Tail Flick test. Surprising and unexpected result occurred when the octapeptide was administered by oral rout in the same acute pain tests above and showed potent analgesic activity, that is, about 65-70% of that of morphine. Evidences suggest that these peptides can act as Cell Penetrating Peptides (CPPs): i) they have polycationic structures (arginine amino acids); ii) they show amphipathic structures with hydrophobic (phenylalanine) and polar (arginine) amino acids; iii) they have potent analgesic actions by the intraperitoneal and oral routes, suggesting that they are absorbed across cell membranes as would the CCPs. These peptides also have other properties with great potential for the development of new analgesic drugs: a) they are small molecules (<2,000 daltons), which may be synthesized easily, quickly and inexpensively; b) Its analgesic orally can be enhanced by techniques to increase its absorption, such as via liposomes, nanoparticles, cyclodextrins, mucoadhesive polymers, enzyme inhibitors, among others, and c) finally, they can be easily patented, including in Brazil, since they are non-natural substances.Key-words: pain, synthetic analgesics, animal toxins, bioprospection.</div
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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