112 research outputs found
Experiments on aircraft flight parameter detection by on-skin sensors
No full textAir speed and flight attitude angles are fundamental parameters for manual of automatic control of flying bodies. Conventional measuremen methods rely on probes (e.g. Pitot tubes or vanes) having a one-to-one correspondence with the physical quantities of interest and requiring specific placements. Here, a novel measurement approach is proposed, relying on indirect measurement and on a plurality of pressure readings made by thin capacitive sensors directly placed on the aircraft skin. A redundant number of probes relaxes the accuracy requirements posed on the individual units and helps achieving fault detection or fault tolerance. A strategy for efficiently processing/combining sensor data is herein presented together with an error propagation analysis, and experimental data
Capillary Drop Penetration Method to Characterize the Liquid Wetting of Powders
No full textWe present a method to characterize the wettability of powders, based on the penetration dynamics of a sessile drop deposited on a slightly compressed powder bed. First, we show that a direct comparison of the wetting properties of different liquids is possible without having to solve the three-dimensional liquid penetration problem, by considering the appropriate dimensionless variables. We show that the contact area between the sessile drop and the powder bed remains constant during the penetration process and demonstrate that, as a result, the evolution of the dimensionless penetration volume is given by a universal function of the dimensionless time, with no dimensionless parameters. Then, using a reference liquid that completely wets the powder it is possible to obtain an effective contact angle for a test liquid of interest, independent of other properties of the powder bed, such as permeability and characteristic pore size. We apply the proposed method to estimate the contact angle of water with different powder blends, by using silicone oil as the reference liquid. Finally, to highlight the potential of the proposed method to characterize pharmaceutical powders we consider a blend of Lactose, Acetaminophen and a small amount of lubricant (Magnesium Stearate). The proposed method adequately captures a large increase in hydrophobicity that results from exposing the blend to excessive mixing, a well known effect in pharmaceutical industry.Peer reviewe
Toward predicting tensile strength of pharmaceutical tablets by ultrasound measurement in continuous manufacturing
No full textAn ultrasound measurement system was employed as a non-destructive method to evaluate its reliability in predicting the tensile strength of tablets and investigate the benefits of incorporating it in a continuous line, manufacturing solid dosage forms. Tablets containing lactose, acetaminophen, and magnesium stearate were manufactured continuously and in batches. The effect of two processing parameters, compaction force and level of shear strain were examined. Young's modulus and tensile strength of tablets were obtained by ultrasound and diametrical mechanical testing, respectively. It was found that as the blend was exposed to increasing levels of shear strain, the speed of sound in the tablets decreased and the tablets became both softer and mechanically weaker. Moreover, the results indicate that two separate tablet material properties (e.g., relative density and Young's modulus) are necessary in order to predict tensile strength. A strategy for hardness prediction is proposed that uses the existing models for Young's modulus and tensile strength of porous materials. Ultrasound testing was found to be very sensitive in differentiating tablets with similar formulation but produced under different processing conditions (e.g., different level of shear strain), thus, providing a fast, and non-destructive method for hardness prediction that could be incorporated to a continuous manufacturing process.Peer reviewe
FM-based generation of high EMC timing signals
No full textThis contribution represents the slides of a tutorial held by the author
The effect of mechanical strain on properties of lubricated tablets compacted at different pressures
No full textA full factorial design of experiments was used to study the effect of blend shear strain on the compaction process, relative density and strength of pharmaceutical tablets. The powder blends were subjected to different shear strain levels (integral of shear rate with respect to time) using an ad hoc Couette shear cell. Tablets were compressed at different compaction forces using an instrumented compactor simulator, and compaction curves showing the force-displacement profiles during compaction were obtained. Although the die-fill blend porosity (initial porosity) and the minimum in-die tablet porosity (at maximum compaction) decreased significantly with shear strain, the final tablet porosity was surprisingly independent of shear strain. The increase in the in-die maximum compaction with shear strain was, in fact, compensated during post-compaction relaxation of the tables, which also increased significantly with shear strain. Therefore, tablet porosity alone was not sufficient to predict tablet tensile strength. A decrease in the ‘work of compaction’ as a function of shear strain, and an increase in the recovered elastic work was observed, which suggested weaker particle-particle bonding as the shear strain in- creased. For each shear strain level, the Ryskewitch Duckworth equation was a good fit to the tensile strength as a function of tablet porosity, and the obtained asymptotic tensile strength at zero porosity exhibited a 60% reduction as a function of shear strain. This was consistent with a reduced bonding efficiency as the shear strain increased.Peer reviewed
A non-invasive capacitive sensor strip for aerodynamic pressure measurement
No full textThis paper presents a capacitive pressure sensor strip implemented in general purpose printed circuit board (PCB) technology based on a thin 3D structure composed of polyimide, woven glass reinforced epoxy resin (FR4) and metal layers. Multiphysics finite elements method (FEM) simulations have been performed over the proposed structure in order to develop a time-dependent electrical and mechanical model that can be easily used to tailor the characteristics to the application. The device targets a wide class of fluid dynamics applications, being non-invasive, comformable and smart for placement. The device simulations are herein validated by experimental wind tunnel measurements and compared with figures obtained on a wing profile by conventional electromechanical pressure transducers. This approach is one of the first example of fully embedding and electronically controlled fluid flow monitoring apparatus that could be used in replacement of state of the art mechanical systems
Justiça restaurativa: a relevância de sua aplicação em crimes culposos de pequeno e médio potencial ofensivo
No full textO presente trabalho demonstrará a relevância da aplicação da Justiça Restaurativa aos delitos de natureza culposa. Caracterizados pela inobservância do dever objetivo de cuidado, por imprudência, negligência ou imperícia, de forma a realizar voluntariamente uma conduta que produz um resultado indesejado, mas objetivamente previsível. Para tanto, será apresentada a inadequação das respostas penais tradicionais para crimes dessa modalidade e serão apresentados os benefícios que poderiam ser obtidos a partir da aplicação da Justiça Restaurativa. Ainda, o presente trabalho irá apresentar os procedimentos participativos utilizados na Justiça Restaurativa, realizados com a intenção de se obter a satisfação das finalidades legítimas das respostas jurídico-penais, a reparação dos danos sofridos pela vítima, a reinserção social do infrator e, ainda, a restauração da confiabilidade normativaThis work will demonstrate the relevance of applying Restorative Justice to crimes of a culpable nature. These are characterized by the failure to comply with the objective duty of care, due to recklessness, negligence or malpractice, in order to voluntarily carry out a conduct that produces an undesired, but objectively foreseeable result. To this end, the inadequacy of traditional criminal responses to crimes of this type will be presented, as will the benefits that could be obtained from the application of Restorative Justice. In addition, this work will present the participatory procedures used in Restorative Justice, which are carried out with the intention of achieving the satisfaction of the legitimate aims of the legal-penal responses, the reparation of the damage suffered by the victim, the social reintegration of the offender and, furthermore, the restoration of normative reliabilit
Growthism, a Requiem for an Idea of Progress : origins, limits and alternatives
No full textOrientador: Adriana Nunes FerreiraDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de EconomiaResumo: A pesquisa propôs uma investigação acerca do nascimento da Ideia de Progresso e seus desdobramentos, nomeadamente o desenvolvimentismo e o crescimentismo. Procurou-se analisar como essa Ideia se relaciona com a vida e os dilemas contemporâneos, em especial no que tange as crises do ser humano com o ambiente, os animais não humanos e consigo mesmo. Buscou-se também entender o papel, limites e possibilidades das Ciências Econômicas nas suas abordagens e propostas frente a tais crises, tendo em vista sua circunscrição ao paradigma moderno e à Ideia de Progresso. Apresentam-se ainda alguns dados e fatos com relação aos limites físicos planetários e a escalada dos problemas ambientais, bem como a noção recente de que vivemos em uma nova Época geológica, na qual a ação do homem é fator preponderante, o Antropoceno ou Capitaloceno. Procede-se a uma análise breve sobre possíveis problemas da epistemologia da modernidade, bem como são apresentadas algumas das iniciativas e posições teóricas e práticas frente às fraturas dessa modernidadeAbstract: The research proposed an inquiry into the birth of the Idea of Progress and its unfolding, namely, developmentalism and growthism. It was sought to analyze how this Idea relates to contemporary life and dilemmas, especially regarding the crises of the human being with the environment, nonhuman animals and with himself. It was also sought to understand the role, limits and possibilities of Economic Science in its approaches and proposals facing such crises, considering its circumscription to the modern paradigm and the Idea of Progress. Some data and facts about the planetary physical limits and the escalation of environmental problems are also presented, as well as the recent notion that we live in a new geological Epoch, in which anthropic action is a preponderant factor, the Anthropocene or Capitalocene. A brief analysis is made of the possible problems considering the epistemology of modernity, as well as it is presented some of the initiatives, and theoretical and practical positions facing the fractures of modernityMestradoTeoria EconomicaMestra em Ciências EconômicasCAPE
Understanding Temporal Changes in Snow Water Equivalency in the Kootenay Boundary Region
No full textIntegrated Environmental PlanningSnow and ice are highly important elements in the cryosphere (Earth's frozen water component) as they are a vital source of stored freshwater (Langlois et al. 2009). It stores freshwater through the winter months are release [sic] water into our ecosystems in the spring as spring freshet, and in the warmer drier months of summer (PyneK, Callegari G 2019). The water that is stored as snow and ice is what hydrologists call Snow Water Equivalency (SWE). It is this SWE that is of primary importance for climatological and hydrological processes (Langlois et al. 2009)
The Impacts of Income Transfer Programs on Income Distribution and Poverty in Brazil: An Integrated Microsimulation and Computable General Equilibrium Analysis
No full textA persistent and very high-income inequality is a well known feature of the Brazilian economy. However, from 2001 to 2005 the Gini index presented an unprecedented fall of 4.6 percent combined with significant poverty reduction. Previous studies using partial equilibrium analysis have pointed out the importance of federal government transfer programs in this inequality reduction. The aim of this research is to evaluate the efficiency of the two most important cash transfer programs, “Bolsa Família” and “BPC”, in achieving their purpose of alleviating poverty and reducing the inequality in Brazil’s income distribution using an integrated modeling approach, the CGE-MS model. The simulation results confirm the importance of these programs in reducing inequality from 2003 to 2005. However, the effect on poverty alleviation was not strong. Finally, the methodological approach allows the identification of some important economic facts that were not presented in previous analyses, such as the issue of taxation structure that finances these policies.Computable general equilibrium model, microsimulation model, income distribution, cash transfer program, fiscal policy, Brazil
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