93,362 research outputs found
Infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV) isolated from the ISA disease outbreaks in Chile diverged from ISAV isolates from Norway around 1996 and was disseminated around 2005, based on surface glycoprotein gene sequences
No full textBACKGROUND: Infectious salmon anaemia (ISA) virus (ISAV) is a pathogen of marine-farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar); a disease first diagnosed in Norway in 1984. For over 25 years ISAV has caused major disease outbreaks in the Northern hemisphere, and remains an emerging fish pathogen because of the asymptomatic infections in marine wild fish and the potential for emergence of new epidemic strains. ISAV belongs to the family Orthomyxoviridae, together with influenza viruses but is sufficiently different to be assigned to its own genus, Isavirus. The Isavirus genome consists of eight single-stranded RNA species, and the virions have two surface glycoproteins; fusion (F) protein encoded on segment 5 and haemagglutinin-esterase (HE) protein encoded on segment 6. However, comparison between different ISAV isolates is complicated because there is presently no universally accepted nomenclature system for designation of genetic relatedness between ISAV isolates. The first outbreak of ISA in marine-farmed Atlantic salmon in the Southern hemisphere occurred in Chile starting in June 2007. In order to describe the molecular characteristics of the virus so as to understand its origins, how ISAV isolates are maintained and spread, and their virulence characteristics, we conducted a study where the viral sequences were directly amplified, cloned and sequenced from tissue samples collected from several ISA-affected fish on the different fish farms with confirmed or suspected ISA outbreaks in Chile. This paper describes the genetic characterization of a large number of ISAV strains associated with extensive outbreaks in Chile starting in June 2007, and their phylogenetic relationships with selected European and North American isolates that are representative of the genetic diversity of ISAV. RESULTS: RT-PCR for ISAV F and HE glycoprotein genes was performed directly on tissue samples collected from ISA-affected fish on different farms among 14 fish companies in Chile during the ISA outbreaks that started in June 2007. The genes of the F and HE glycoproteins were cloned and sequenced for 51 and 78 new isolates, respectively. An extensive comparative analysis of ISAV F and HE sequence data, including reference isolates sampled from Norway, Faroe Islands, Scotland, USA, and Canada was performed. Based on phylogenetic analysis of concatenated ISAV F and HE genes of 103 individual isolates, the isolates from the ISA outbreaks in Chile grouped in their own cluster of 7 distinct strains within Genotype I (European genotype) of ISAV, with the closest relatedness to Norwegian ISAVs isolated in 1997. The phylogenetic software program, BACKTRACK, estimated the Chile isolates diverged from Norway isolates about 1996 and, therefore, had been present in Chile for some time before the recent outbreaks. Analysis of the deduced F protein sequence showed 43 of 51 Chile isolates with an 11-amino acid insert between 265N and 266Q, with 100% sequence identity with Genotype I ISAV RNA segment 2. Twenty four different HE-HPRs, including HPR0, were detected, with HPR7b making up 79.7%. This is considered a manifestation of ISAV quasispecies HE protein sequence diversity. CONCLUSION: Taken together, these findings suggest that the ISA outbreaks were caused by virus that was already present in Chile that mutated to new strains. This is the first comprehensive report tracing ISAV from Europe to South America.Source type: Electronic(1
From Facebook to Parliament: Civic Participation through Social Network Organizations Between Success and Failure
No full textComputer Mediated Communication has given access to political participation
to a large number of citizens around the world mostly regardless of their ideological,
social, ethnic, economic background. People living in different Countries or
even who have voted for opposite parties for years may unite for a single issue
purpose, for a protest, a petition, for organizing a revolt or a deeper change in
government. The No-Global Movement years ago and, more recently, the Arab
spring, have proved the possibilities of the Net in terms of political organization
and impact. In Egypt and in Italy things have gone even further: Social Networks
have become the means and the place for civic organization that later were transformed
into political parties running for government. The paper will analyze possibilities
and limits offered by the Web-Democracy in relation to these two recent
examples
What drives the Acceptability of Intelligent Speed Assistance (ISA)?
No full textTo have knowledge about the acceptability of Intelligent Transport systems (ITS) is most beneficial for the development of supported implementation strategies. So far, different theories and methods, also stemming from other domains, have been used to define and conceptualize the notion of acceptability. In a previous paper, we developed a theoretical concept to define acceptability of ISA based on different theories and methods used in ITS & ISA research. In the current paper we aim to find out which predefined indicators are relevant to define the acceptability of ISA. Background factors, contextual issues and ISA-device related factors are used as indicators to predict the level of acceptability. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) is used to define the direct and indirect effects.Infrastructures, Systems and ServicesTechnology, Policy and Managemen
Isa intercolombia, a progressive growth 2023 - 2024
No full textEl presente estudio analizó la situación financiera de la compañía Interconexión Eléctrica S.A. (ISA) y las oportunidades que ha presentado en el mercado de capitales para fortalecer su competitividad en el sector de infraestructura energética en América Latina. El propósito fue identificar estrategias financieras para optimizar la gestión de la compañía y garantizar su sostenibilidad a largo plazo. La metodología combinó análisis financiero mediante indicadores clave, como flujo de caja y márgenes de rentabilidad, con un estudio del mercado de capitales, incluyendo tendencias de la Bolsa de Valores de Colombia, tasas de interés y comparativas sectoriales. Los resultados mostraron que ISA tuvo un crecimiento destacado en 2024, con un aumento significativo en ingresos operacionales, utilidad neta y márgenes de rentabilidad, impulsado por proyectos estratégicos en países como Brasil, Perú, Chile y Colombia. La utilidad neta creció un 74% en el tercer trimestre, mientras el margen EBITDA alcanzó el 69 %, reflejando mayor eficiencia operativa. También se evidenció un comportamiento dinámico en el precio de sus acciones, con periodos de alzas moderadas y consolidaciones.Profesional en Negocios InternacionalesPregradoThis study analyzed the financial situation of Interconexión Eléctrica S.A. (ISA) and the opportunities it has presented in the capital market to strengthen its competitiveness in the energy infrastructure sector in Latin America. The purpose was to identify financial strategies to optimize the company's management and ensure its long-term sustainability. The methodology combined financial analysis through key indicators, such as cash flow and profitability margins, with a study of the capital market, including trends in the Colombian Stock Exchange, interest rates and sector comparisons. The results showed that ISA had outstanding growth in 2024, with a significant increase in operating revenues, net income and profitability margins, driven by strategic projects in countries such as Brazil, Peru, Chile and Colombia. Net income grew 74% in the third quarter, while the EBITDA margin reached 69 %, reflecting greater operating efficiency. The company's share price also performed dynamically, with periods of moderate increases and consolidations
Fatigue Instantaneous Self-Assessment (F-ISA): Development of a Short Mental Fatigue Rating
No full textIn this document we present a new fatigue self-assessment questionnaire. The rationale for the development of this fatigue questionnaire is based on the fact that the currently available instruments are either developed for medical purposes, focussing more on sleepiness than on fatigue or interfere with the main experimental task. A brief review of existing instruments is given and the newly developed Fatigue Instantaneous Self-Assessment (F-ISA) is presented. The F-ISA is an easy to administer one item self-report questionnaire, which is non-intrusive and has high face validity. We recommend using this questionnaire in studies conducted in the Institute of Flight Guidance to gain more insight into the interaction of fatigue with other cognitive states such as mental workload or situation awareness
APOYO EN LA ELABORACIÓN DE ICA'S Y REPORTES RESPEL PARA LA EMPRESA ISA INTERCOLOMBIA
No full textLa empresa donde se realizó la practica fue ISA INTERCOLOMBIA S.A.E.S.P cuya actividad principal es el transporte de energía eléctrica a alto voltaje, la practica tuvo como objetivo principal apoyar al personal técnico en la elaboración de informes ambientales para dar cumplimiento a los requerimientos legales derivados de las ciencias ambientales y transferir al IDEAM (Instituto de Hidrología, Meteorología y Estudios Ambientales de Colombia) información del RESPEL (Registro de Generadores de Residuos o Desechos Peligrosos).PregradoTecnólogo(a) en Gestión Agroambienta
A Detailed Analysis of Contemporary ARM and x86 Architectures
No full textRISC vs. CISC wars raged in the 1980s when chip area and processor design complexity were the primary constraints and desktops and servers exclusively dominated the computing landscape. Today, energy and power are the primary design constraints and the computing landscape is significantly different: growth in tablets and smartphones running ARM (a RISC ISA) is surpassing that of desktops and laptops running x86 (a CISC ISA). Further, the traditionally low-power ARM ISA is entering the high-performance server market, while the traditionally high-performance x86 ISA is entering the mobile low-power device market. Thus, the question of whether ISA plays an intrinsic role in performance or energy efficiency is becoming important, and we seek to answer this question through a detailed measurement based study on real hardware running real applications. We analyze measurements on the ARM Cortex-A8 and Cortex-A9 and Intel Atom and Sandybridge i7 microprocessors over workloads spanning mobile, desktop, and server computing. Our methodical investigation demonstrates the role of ISA in modern microprocessors? performance and energy efficiency. We find that ARM and x86 processors are simply engineering design points optimized for different levels of performance, and there is nothing fundamentally more energy efficient in one ISA class or the other. The ISA being RISC or CISC seems irrelevant
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
PRMA-ISA protocol for multiple access of mixed voice and data traffic
No full textA combined multiple access protocol is investigated, based on the ISA algorithm, which was first introduced for a slotted unframed channel, and later modified to fit a cellular wireless network with distributed handoff [13, 14]. ISA manages the access rights at the beginning of each slot in order to maximize the success probability (one step throughput), based on an independence assumption on the presence of packets at the stations. We extend this concept in the context of a framed channel that has the same basic structure as Packet Reservation Multiple Access (PRMA) [1]. In this case, it is possible to see the frame as a whole bunch of 'parallel channels', over which the overall success probability must be maximized at the beginning of the frame for all free slots. The combined PRMA-ISA algorithm has been developed and investigated by means of simulations, using models previously proposed for data and voice (phone calls) traffic
Mt. Isa, Queensland [cartographic material] /
No full textTopographic map of Mount Isa region, Queensland, showing classes of roads, telephone lines, electric power stations, railway and railway stations and sidings, aerodromes, seaplane bases and mooring areas, and bore classifications. Relief shown by hachures and spot heights.; "This map is compiled from the latest Commonwealth and State information by Survey Office Lands Dept. Q'land under the supervision of Aust Army Survey Service and is not the result of precise military survey".; Place name index on verso.; "L.H.Q./008/1069".; Includes index to adjoining sheets, reliability diagram and grid referencing guide.; Also available online http://nla.gov.au/nla.map-vn5757372; National Library's Copy 2 has handwritten annotations in red ink.Refer to this map as Mt Isa 106
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