1,721,111 research outputs found
Pathology of Biliary Tract Cancers
No full textBiliary tract cancers are highly malignant tumors that comprise bile duct cancers (so called cholangiocarcinoma, CCA) and gallbladder carcinomas. Based on their anatomical location, bile duct cancers fall into two main categories: intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas. Each type displays peculiar clinic-pathologic and molecular features. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is further subvided in small duct and large duct iCCA. Small duct iCCA usually involves septal and interlobar bile ducts, produces mass-forming lesions, has a better prognosis than large-duct iCCA and has no known precursor lesions. Large duct iCCA usually involves the first to third branches of hepatic bile ducts, shows a periductal-infiltrating pattern of invasion, has a poorer prognosis than the small duct counterpart and can derive from two types of precursor lesions: biliary intraepithelial neoplasia and intraductal papillary neoplasms. Extrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas (eCCA) includes perihilar eCCA (so-called Klatskin tumors) and distal eCCA. Histologically, eCCA display the morphology of a classic pancreatico-biliary adenocarcinoma. Gallbladder carcinomas (GBC) are malignant tumors mostly involving the gallbladder fundus (70% of cases), with the typical histology of a pancreatico-biliary adenocarcinoma. From the molecular point of view, mutations affecting the driver genes KRAS and TP53 can be found in all CCA subtypes. Of note, mutations affecting IDH1 and IDH2 genes and the chromatin-remodelers ARID1A, BAP1 and PBRM1 are typically enriched in iCCA, whereas ELF3 and ARID1B are more common in eCCA. In GBC, amplification of ERBB2 is more typical and also represent a therapeutic target
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Living Donor Liver Transplantation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Defining Criteria to Extend Indications
No full textDispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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