1,721,155 research outputs found
Carrot Anthocyanin Diversity, Genetics, and Genomics
No full textPurple carrots (Daucus carota ssp. sativus var. atrorubens Alef.) accumulate anthocyanins in their roots, petioles and other plant parts. These flavonoid pigments represent an excellent dietary source of antioxidant and antiinflammatory agents. In addition, carrot anthocyanins are also used as food dyes. Compositional variation in carrot root, mainly with regards to the content of acylated (AA) and non-acylated anthocyanins (NAA), strongly influence the bioavailability and chemical stability of these pigments, therefore conditioning their potential use as nutraceutical agents or as food colorants. In this context, genetic diversity analysis for root anthocyanin composition is relevant for selecting materials for either purpose. Also, knowledge on the genetic basis underlying anthocyanin biosynthesis and modification is expected to aid in the development of new varieties with high nutraceutical or for extracting food dyes. In the last decades germplasm collections have been characterized for anthocyanin content and composition. Various simply-inherited traits for root and petiole anthocyanin pigmentation and acylation, including P1, P3 and Raa1, and QTL for root anthocyanins, have been described and mapped to two regions of chromosome 3, in different genetic backgrounds. Recent advances in high throughput sequencing and bioinformatic analyses have facilitated the discovery of candidate regulatory genes for root and petiole pigmentation associated with the P3 region in chromosome 3, as well as structural genes involved in anthocyanin glycosylation and acylation. In this chapter we reviewed recent advances in diversity, genetic and genomic studies related to carrot anthocyanin pigmentation.Fil: Cavagnaro, Pablo Federico. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Mendoza-San Juan. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria La Consulta; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Producción Agropecuaria. Cátedra de Horticultura y Floricultura; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza; ArgentinaFil: Iorizzo, Massimo. North Carolina State University. Department Of Food, Bioprocessing And Nutrition Sciences. Plants For Human Health Institute.; Estados Unido
Functional characterization of DcMYB11, an R2R3 MYB associated with the purple pigmentation of carrot petiole
Full text linkThe accumulation of anthocyanin pigments can exhibit different patterns across plant tissues and crop varieties. This variability allowed the investigation of the molecular mechanisms behind the biosynthesis of these pigments in several plant species. Among crops, carrots have a well-defined anthocyanin pigmentation pattern depending on the genic background. In this work, we report on the discovery of DNA structural differences affecting the activity of an R2R3 MYB (encoded by DcMYB11) involved in anthocyanin regulation in carrot petiole. To this end, we first verified the function of DcMYB11 using heterologous systems and identified three different alleles which may explain differences in petiole pigmentation. Characterization of the DcMYB11 alleles at the 5' upstream sequence unveiled a sequence that functions as a putative enhancer. In conclusion, this study provides novel insight into the molecular mechanisms controlling anthocyanin accumulation in carrot. By these outcomes, we expanded our knowledge on the cis-regulatory sequences in plants.EEA La ConsultaFil: D’Amelia, Vincenzo. National Research Council. Institute of Bioscience and BioResources; ItaliaFil: D’Amelia, Vincenzo. University of Naples Federico II. Department of Agricultural Sciences; ItaliaFil: Curaba, Julien. North Carolina State University. Horticulture Science Department. Plants for Human Health Institute; Estados UnidosFil: Abid, Muhammad Ali. North Carolina State University. Horticulture Science Department. Plants for Human Health Institute; Estados UnidosFil: Esposito, Salvatore. CREA Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops; ItaliaFil: Cavagnaro, Pablo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina.Fil: Cavagnaro, Pablo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria La Consulta; Argentina.Fil: Carputo, Domenico. University of Naples Federico II. Department of Agricultural Sciences; ItaliaFil: Iorizzo, Massimo. North Carolina State University. Horticulture Science Department. Plants for Human Health Institute; Estados Unido
Valutazione citologica di progenie ottenute da ibridazione inter-ploidia (inter-EBN) in patata
No full textCombined use of molecular markers and high resolution melting (HRM) to assess chromosome dosage in potato hybrids
No full textIn plants, the most widely used cytological techniques to assess parental genome contributions are based on in situ hybridization (FISH and GISH), but they are time-consuming and need specific expertise and equipment. Recent advances in genomics and molecular biology have made PCR-based markers a straightforward, affordable technique for chromosome typing. Herein we describe the development of a molecular assay that uses single-copy conserved ortholog set II (COSII)-based SNPs and the high resolution melting (HRM) technique to assess the chromosome dosage of interspecific hybrids between a Solanum phureja-S. tuberosum diploid (2n=2x=24) hybrid and its wild relative S. commersonii. Screening and analysis of 45 COSII marker sequences allowed S. commersonii-specific SNPs to be identified for all 12 chromosomes. Combining the HRM technique with the establishment of synthetic DNA hybrids, SNP markers were successfully used to predict the expected parental chromosome ratio of five interspecific triploid hybrids. These results demonstrate the ability of this strategy to distinguish diverged genomes from each other, and to estimate chromosome dosage. The method could potentially be applied to any species as a tool to assess paternal to maternal ratios in the framework of a breeding programme or following transformation techniques
Perspectives of Advanced Genetics and Genomics Approaches to Exploit Solanum Wild Crop Relatives for Breeding
No full textSolanaceae crop breeders have abundant germplasm resources at their disposal in wild relatives and landraces. Over the past few decades, this germplasm has been used to transfer economically important traits into Solanaceae crops, mostly to overcome biotic stresses and improve quality. Extensive work has been done to understand interspecific crossability, identify large-scale differences in karyotypes, and establish phylogenetic relationships among and within wild and cultivated Solanaceae species. However, pre-breeding work to overcome linkage drag and sexual barriers is still largely based on phenotypic selection and traditional breeding schemes, which remain very time-consuming. This chapter provides an overview of the most recent breakthroughs approaches that can facilitate and expedite the effective use of wild Solanaceae species in breeding programs
Disease resistance gene transcription in transgenic potato is unaltered by temperature extremes and plant physiological age
No full textGenetic and Transcription Profile Analysis of Tissue-Specific Anthocyanin Pigmentation in Carrot Root Phloem
Full text linkIn purple carrots, anthocyanin pigmentation can be expressed in the entire root, or it can display tissue specific-patterns. Within the phloem, purple pigmentation can be found in the outer phloem (OP) (also called the cortex) and inner phloem (IP), or it can be confined exclusively to the OP. In this work, the genetic control underlying tissue-specific anthocyanin pigmentation in the carrot root OP and IP tissues was investigated by means of linkage mapping and transcriptome (RNA-seq) and phylogenetic analyses; followed by gene expression (RT-qPCR) evaluations in two genetic backgrounds, an F2 population (3242) and the inbred B7262. Genetic mapping of ‘root outer phloem anthocyanin pigmentation’ (ROPAP) and inner phloem pigmentation (RIPAP) revealed colocalization of ROPAP with the P1 and P3 genomic regions previously known to condition pigmentation in different genetic stocks, whereas RIPAP co-localized with P3 only. Transcriptome analysis of purple OP (POP) vs. non-purple IP (NPIP) tissues, along with linkage and phylogenetic data, allowed an initial identification of 28 candidate genes, 19 of which were further evaluated by RT-qPCR in independent root samples of 3242 and B7262, revealing 15 genes consistently upregulated in the POP in both genetic backgrounds, and two genes upregulated in the POP in specific backgrounds. These include seven transcription factors, seven anthocyanin structural genes, and two genes involved in cellular transport. Altogether, our results point at DcMYB7, DcMYB113, and a MADS-box (DCAR_010757) as the main candidate genes conditioning ROPAP in 3242, whereas DcMYB7 and MADS-box condition RIPAP in this background. In 7262, DcMYB113 conditions ROPAP.EEA MendozaFil: Bannoud, Florencia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Carvajal, Sofía. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Ellison, Shelby. University of Wisconsin. Department of Horticulture; Estados Unidos.Fil: Senalik, Douglas A. United States Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service. Vegetable Crops Research Unit; Estados UnidosFil: Gomez Talquenca, Gonzalo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Mendoza; ArgentinaFil: Iorizzo, Massimo. North Carolina State University. Plants for Human Health Institute; Estados UnidosFil: Iorizzo, Massimo. North Carolina State University. Department of Horticultural Science; Estados UnidosFil: Simon, Philipp. University of Wisconsin. Department of Horticulture; Estados Unidos.Fil: Simon, Philipp. United States Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service. Vegetable Crops Research Unit; Estados UnidosFil: Cavagnaro, Pablo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria La Consulta; ArgentinaFil: Cavagnaro, Pablo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Cavagnaro, Pablo. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Horticultura; Argentina
Inheritance and mapping of Mj-2, a new source of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne javanica) resistance in carrot
Full text linkRoot-knot nematodes limit carrot production around the world by inducing taproot forking and galling deformities that render carrots unmarketable. In warmer climates, Meloidogyne javanica and Meloidogyne incognita are most prevalent. In F2 and F3 progeny from the cross between an Asian carrot resistant to M. javanica, PI 652188, and a susceptible carrot, resistance response was incompletely dominant with a relatively high heritability (H2 = 0.78) and provided evidence for a single gene, designated Mj-2, contributing to resistance. Molecular markers linked to the previously described root-knot nematode resistance gene, Mj-1 on chromosome 8 derived from Brasilia, demonstrated that Mj-2 does not map to that same locus but is on the same chromosome.Fil: Ali, Aamir. University of Wisconsin; Estados UnidosFil: Matthews, William C.. California State University; Estados Unidos;Fil: Cavagnaro, Pablo Federico. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. University Of Wisconsin; Estados Unidos; . Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Cuyo Mendoza-San Juan. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria La Consulta; ArgentinaFil: Iorizzo, Massimo. University Of Wisconsin; Estados Unidos;Fil: Roberts, Philip A.. California State University; Estados Unidos;Fil: Simon, Philipp W.. United States Department Of Agriculture. Agricultural Research Service; Argentina. University Of Wisconsin;; Estados Unido
Fertile Solanum commersonii-S. tuberosum sexual hybrids as source of resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum.
No full textPotato Tuber Blight Resistance Phenotypes Correlate with RB Transgene Transcript Levels in an Age-Dependent Manner
No full textPlants have evolved strategies and mechanisms to detect and respond to pathogen attack. Different organs of the same plant may be subjected to different environments (e.g., aboveground versus belowground) and pathogens with different lifestyles. Accordingly, plants commonly need to tailor defense strategies in an organ-specific manner. Phytophthora infestans, causal agent of potato late blight disease, infects both aboveground foliage and belowground tubers. We examined the efficacy of transgene RB (known for conferring foliar late blight resistance) in defending against tuber late blight disease. Our results indicate that the presence of the transgene has a positive yet only marginally significant effect on tuber disease resistance on average. However, a significant association between transgene transcript levels and tuber resistance was established for specific transformed lines in an age-dependent manner, with higher transcript levels indicating enhanced tuber resistance. Thus, RB has potential to function in both foliage and tuber to impart late blight resistance. Our data suggest that organ-specific resistance might result directly from transcriptional regulation of the resistance gene itself
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