1,720,984 research outputs found
From Histology to High-Resolution Mapping: The Rise of Spatial Omics in Immunology
Full text linkThe immune system is deeply shaped by its anatomical context, with spatial organization emerging as a fundamental principle of immune regulation. Recent advances in spatial omics technologies—encompassing transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, lipidomics, and phosphoproteomics—have revolutionized our ability to study immune processes within intact tissue environments. By preserving spatial coordinates while capturing high-dimensional molecular data, these technologies offer unprecedented insight into how immune cell states and functions are governed by local cues and tissue architecture. In this review, we provide an overview of the major spatial omics platforms, emphasizing methodologies that have gained traction within the immunology community and in our own research. We then illustrate how these tools have begun to elucidate the logic of immune compartmentalization across anatomically complex tissues. While not exhaustive, we highlight selected examples from the intestine, secondary lymphoid organs, and liver to show how spatial omics has uncovered region-specific immune programs, microenvironmental niches, and context-dependent signaling pathways. Together, these studies demonstrate how spatial omics technologies are redefining immunological inquiry—shifting the focus from isolated cell types to their spatially embedded roles in tissue physiology and pathology
The power of many: Multilevel targeting of representative chemokine and metabolite GPCRs in personalized cancer therapy
Full text linkG protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are vital cell surface receptors that govern a myriad of physiological functions. Despite their crucial role in regulating antitumor immunity and tumorigenesis, therapeutic applications targeting GPCRs in oncology are currently limited. This review offers a focused examination of selected protumorigenic chemokine and metabolite-sensing GPCRs. Specifically, the review highlights five GPCRs able to orchestrate tumor immunobiology at three main levels: tumor immunity, cancer cell expansion, and blood vessel development. The review culminates by illuminating emerging therapies and discussing innovative strategies to harness the full potential of GPCR-targeted treatments, by applying a multireceptor and patient-specific logic
k-space image correlation to probe the intracellular dynamics of gold nanoparticles
No full textThe collective action of dynein, kinesin and myosin molecular motors is responsible
for the intracellular active transport of cargoes, vesicles and organelles along the semi-flexible
oriented filaments of the cytoskeleton. The overall mobility of the cargoes upon binding and
unbinding to motor proteins can be modeled as an intermittency between Brownian diffusion in
the cell cytoplasm and active ballistic excursions along actin filaments or microtubules. Such an
intermittent intracellular active transport, exhibited by star-shaped gold nanoparticles (GNSs, Gold
Nanostars) upon internalization in HeLa cancer cells, is investigated here by combining live-cell
time-lapse confocal reflectance microscopy and the spatio-temporal correlation, in the reciprocal
Fourier space, of the acquired image sequences. At first, the analytical theoretical framework for the
investigation of a two-state intermittent dynamics is presented for Fourier-space Image Correlation
Spectroscopy (kICS). Then simulated kICS correlation functions are employed to evaluate the
influence of, and sensitivity to, all the kinetic and dynamic parameters the model involves (the
transition rates between the diffusive and the active transport states, the diffusion coefficient and
drift velocity of the imaged particles). The optimal procedure for the analysis of the experimental
data is outlined and finally exploited to derive whole-cell maps for the parameters underlying the
GNSs super-diffusive dynamics. Applied here to the GNSs subcellular trafficking, the proposed
kICS analysis can be adopted for the characterization of the intracellular (super-) diffusive dynamics
of any fluorescent or scattering biological macromolecule
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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