33 research outputs found
Estimasi Jumlah Mismanaged Plactic Waste (MPW) Berdasarkan Kenaikan Populasi: Studi Kasus 30 Negara Tahun 2019-2022: Studi Kasus 30 Negara Tahun 2019-2022
No full textAbstract: Humans have produced more than 8 billion tons of plastic, more than half of which is directly dumped into landfills and only about 9% is recycled. This makes the author interested in looking at the relationship between population and the amount of waste generated in the hope of helping the government in reducing the amount of waste generated. This study aims to estimate the amount of Mismanaged Plastic Waste (MPW) based on population increase, focusing on 30 countries from 2019 to 2022. The Rank Spearman correlation test method was used to evaluate the relationship between population size and the amount of MPW, showing a strong relationship with a correlation coefficient of 0.60712. Furthermore, an analysis using the Cox-Stuart test was conducted to determine the trend in population size from 2003 to 2022, which showed that there was no clear trend in the population data or an upward trend in the time span. Based on these findings, a predictive estimate of the number of MPW for the period 2019-2020 was conducted, providing additional insight into the impact of population growth on the amount of unmanaged plastic waste in these countries
The effect of China’s plastic waste import ban on plastic waste leakage into the aquatic environment
No full textMany higher-income countries export plastic waste to lower and middle-income countries where treatment facilities are often less advanced, which therefore comes with greater environmental consequences. China was the largest importer of plastic waste until it issued the Prohibition of Foreign Garbage Imports (referred to as "the China import ban") in 2017, which drastically changed global plastic waste trade. This study uses country-level data on waste management, and trade statistics combined with high resolution sub-national population density maps to assess the effect of the China import ban on plastic waste leakage into the aquatic environment. The results are presented on a 30-arc grid (approximately one km) resolution. Global mismanaged plastic waste (MPW) generation is estimated to increase from approximately 62 Mt (million ton) in 2016 to 64.7 Mt in 2019. Around 64\% is emitted into the aquatic environment, which is estimated to increase from approximately 39.5 Mt in 2016 to 41 Mt in 2019. MPW emission into the aquatic environment from imports accounted for approximately 1.9\% of global emission in 2016 and decreased to 1.4\% in 2019, which is the result of a 43\% reduction in global traded plastic waste. Despite the substantial decrease in Chinese aquatic MPW emission from imports, other lower or middle-income countries with higher rates of mismanagement and a higher probability of emission experienced strong increases.Industrial Ecolog
Finite element analysis of multi-turn magnetoplated coils using homogenization method
No full textMagnetoplated wires (MPW) are effective to reduce eddy current losses in power devices such as converters and contactless power transfer systems. In the conventional finite element analysis (FEA) of MPW, elements must be sufficiently smaller than the skin depth. This results in large number of unknowns. This article proposes a homogenization method using complex permeability for FEA of magnetoplated coils so as to circumvent this problem. The coil impedances obtained by the proposed method with coarse elements are shown to agree well with those computed in the conventional FEA with fine elements
On the pre-compactness of a set in the generalized Morrey spaces
No full textIn this paper, we present sufficient conditions for the pre-compactness of sets in the generalized Morrey spaces Mpw. From this theorem for the case of w(r) = r-λ follows the known result for the Morrey space Mpλ, and in the case of λ = 0 this is the well-known Frechet-Kolmogorov theorem. © 2016 Author(s)
On the pre-compactness of a set in the generalized Morrey spaces
No full textIn this paper, we present sufficient conditions for the pre-compactness of sets in the generalized Morrey spaces Mpw. From this theorem for the case of w(r) = r-λ follows the known result for the Morrey space Mpλ, and in the case of λ = 0 this is the well-known Frechet-Kolmogorov theorem. © 2016 Author(s)
The effect of neoadjuvant short-course radiotherapy and delayed surgery versus chemoradiation on postoperative outcomes in locally advanced rectal cancer patients – A propensity score matched nationwide audit-based study
No full textEinfluss ausgewählter Bauteilbeschichtungen auf das Fügeergebnis beim elektromagnetischen Pulsfügen
No full textMagnetic Pulse Welding (MPW) has a great potential for large-scale industrial production. It is a clean and fast joining technique favorable for the generation of strong atomic bonded areas between similar and dissimilar metals. For example, aluminum and steel can be welded without formation of critical intermetallic phases due to the high-speed collision and the absence of external heat. Since the weld quality depends on the material's behavior at the collision zone, surface layers in that region have to be taken into account as well. Welding tests were performed at two different pulse generators to join aluminum tubes to steel cylinders. On the inner steel part (C45) zinc, nickel and chrome were applied, while the aluminum flyer tubes (EN AW-6060) were anodized, chromated and acid passivated. As will be shown, the surface layer's properties influence the joint formation in MPW. The coatings are classified in three types depending on their brittleness and thickness and finally rated regarding the weldability. It is proved that brittle coatings at the inner part are detrimental for MPW. Thin and ductile layers do not change the weld formation, whereas thick and ductile coatings even improve the weld quality. This publication shows experimental results forMPW of tubular parts that were coated before the joining process with industrial appropriate surface layers e.g. zinc or nickel. By using the uncoated material combination as reference, the removal of surface layers due to jetting and global deformation is analyzed. Finally, the weld quality is characterized in peel tests, shear-push tests and with the help of metallographic analysis. For the application of MPW in large scale production it is important to take the properties of surface layers into account. Some coatings are unfavorable for the weld quality, whereas other layers support the process and enable downsizing of pulse generators and tool coils. Acknowledgements This work is based on the results of subproject A1 of the priority program 1640 (""joining by plastic deformation""); the author
Feasibility of magnetic resonance imaging-only rectum radiotherapy with a commercial synthetic computed tomography generation solution
No full textBACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Synthetic computed tomography (sCT) images enable magnetic resonance (MR)-based dose calculations. This work investigated whether a commercially available sCT generation solution was suitable for accurate dose calculations and position verification on patients with rectal cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS: For twenty rectal cancer patients computed tomography (CT) images were rigidly registered to sCT images. Clinical volumetric modulated arc therapy plans were recalculated on registered CT and sCT images. Dose deviations were determined through gamma and voxelwise analysis. The impact on position verification was investigated by identifying differences in translations and rotation between cone-beam CT (CBCT) to CT and CBCT to sCT registrations. RESULTS: Across twenty patients, within a threshold of 90% of the prescription dose, a gamma analysis (2%, 2 mm) mean pass rate of 95.2 ± 4.0% (±1 σ ) and mean dose deviation of -0.3 ± 0.2% of prescription dose were obtained. The mean difference of translations and rotations over ten patients (76 CBCTs) was <1 mm and <0.5° in all directions. In the sole posterior-anterior direction a mean systematic shift of 0.7 ± 0.6 mm was found. CONCLUSIONS: Accurate MR-based dose calculations using a commercial sCT generation method were clinically feasible for treatment of rectal cancer patients. The accuracy of position verification was clinically acceptable. However, before clinical implementation future investigations will be performed to determine the origin of the systematic shift
Dose evaluation of fast synthetic-CT generation using a generative adversarial network for general pelvis MR-only radiotherapy
No full textTo enable magnetic resonance (MR)-only radiotherapy and facilitate modelling of radiation attenuation in humans, synthetic CT (sCT) images need to be generated. Considering the application of MR-guided radiotherapy and online adaptive replanning, sCT generation should occur within minutes. This work aims at assessing whether an existing deep learning network can rapidly generate sCT images for accurate MR-based dose calculations in the entire pelvis. A study was conducted on data of 91 patients with prostate (59), rectal (18) and cervical (14) cancer who underwent external beam radiotherapy acquiring both CT and MRI for patients' simulation. Dixon reconstructed water, fat and in-phase images obtained from a conventional dual gradient-recalled echo sequence were used to generate sCT images. A conditional generative adversarial network (cGAN) was trained in a paired fashion on 2D transverse slices of 32 prostate cancer patients. The trained network was tested on the remaining patients to generate sCT images. For 30 patients in the test set, dose recalculations of the clinical plan were performed on sCT images. Dose distributions were evaluated comparing voxel-based dose differences, gamma and dose-volume histogram (DVH) analysis. The sCT generation required 5.6 s and 21 s for a single patient volume on a GPU and CPU, respectively. On average, sCT images resulted in a higher dose to the target of maximum 0.3%. The average gamma pass rates using the 3%, 3 mm and 2%, 2 mm criteria were above 97 and 91%, respectively, for all volumes of interests considered. All DVH points calculated on sCT differed less than ±2.5% from the corresponding points on CT. Results suggest that accurate MR-based dose calculation using sCT images generated with a cGAN trained on prostate cancer patients is feasible for the entire pelvis. The sCT generation was sufficiently fast for integration in an MR-guided radiotherapy workflow
Outside the Bin: The Planetary Metabolism of Mismanaged Plastic Waste Presentation
No full textPresented at Le Mans Université, France, 2025-12-13Presentation: The paper examines the planetary metabolism and circularity of mismanaged plastic waste (MPW) as a critical twenty-first-century phenomenon that disrupts planetary ecological cycles. MPW (Lebreton & Andrady, 2019; Diggle & Walker, 2022) is plastic that escapes systemic waste management collection, recycling, and disposal, accounting for 43% of global plastic waste, contaminating terrestrial and marine ecosystems, and fostering the emergence of the Plastisphere, a new microbial planetary biolayer. Situating plastic pollution within the Anthropocene and the Age of Ecological Scarcity (Barbier, 2011), the research praxis visually extrapolates the paradox of plastic as both a product of abundance and a driver of ecological scarcity. Drawing on interdisciplinary perspectives—environmental science, feminist materiality, and design research—the paper introduces KraalD praxis, guided by an art-design methodology that reframes plastic waste as an active agent within planetary metabolic processes. The KraalD: Plastic Waste Ecologies exhibition (Dimitrijevic, 2025) visualises MPW’s entanglement as a multispecies habitat, challenging anthropocentric plastic waste narratives and advocating for ‘positive waste' aesthetics. Through installation art and participatory co-design, praxis research argues that plastic waste is not merely an environmental pollutant but a material-discursive phenomenon shaping post humanist ecological imaginaries and socio-material relations. By integrating Barad’s theory of entanglement (2007) and Castoriadis’ (1997; 2005) notion of praxis within the social imaginary, the paper proposes praxis as a transformative vehicle for reimaging plastic single-use waste beyond its status as detritus—toward resilient futures. Ultimately, ongoing praxis work contributes to promoting reuse, debates on planetary boundaries, ecological regeneration, and the role of art and design in addressing plastic pollution.© the author</p
